药物干预对杀虫双染毒大鼠全血胆碱酯酶活力的影响

目的　研究氯解磷定和二巯丙磺钠对杀虫双中毒大鼠胆碱酯酶 (ChE)活力的影响。方法　对照组及干预组的Wistar大鼠按杀虫双染毒剂量各分为 4组 (共 1 2组 ) ,在杀虫双经口染毒前及染毒后 1 / 2、1、2、4、2 4h取大鼠尾尖血分别测定ChE活力。干预组在染毒后即刻于大鼠臀部肌内注射氯解磷定 (剂量为 40mg/kg)或二巯丙磺钠 (剂量为 4mg/kg) ,同样采血测ChE活力。结果　大鼠经口杀虫双染毒后 1h ,对照组 4个染毒剂量组的ChE活力分别为 (1 .0 4± 0 .2 1 )、(0 .84± 0 .1 2 )、(0 .71±0 .1 2 )、(0 .66± 0 .0 7)U/ml;氯解磷定干预组为 (1 .0 1± 0 .1 8)、(1 .1 7± 0 .1 1 )、(1 .0 1± 0 .0 4 )、(1 .0 3±0 .1 2 )U/ml;二巯丙磺钠干预组为 (1 .1 5± 0 .1 5)、(1 .2 6± 0 .2 7)、(1 .0 8± 0 .0 8)、(1 .0 4± 0 .1 2 )U/ml。氯解磷定干预组和二巯丙磺钠干预组都可使受抑制的ChE活力部分恢复 ,两组间差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5) ,在高剂量染毒组 (1 / 4LD50 与 1 / 2LD50 )二者的复能作用均稍差。结论　氯解磷定和二巯丙磺钠均有使被杀虫双抑制的全血ChE活力部分复能的作用     

杀虫双中毒致胆碱酯酶明显下降1例报道

报道1例口服杀虫双中毒患者,全血胆碱酯酶受到明显抑制,经阿托品治疗后24小时胆碱酯酶仍未恢复正常。     

急性有机磷中毒患者血清中对氧磷脂酶活力的变化

目的监测急性有机磷农药中毒（AOPP）患者血清中对氧磷脂酶（PON）活力的变化及其意义。方法检测35例AOPP患者血清中PON的活力水平并与40例健康对照者比较。结果35例AOPP患者入院首次PON活力水平为（55．1±5.3）U／L，明显低于对照组的（144．1±9．2）U／L，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；35例AOPP患者中，28例随着病情好转血清中PON活力逐渐升高，且入院第3-6天PON活力水平较入院时明显升高，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），因病情严重而死亡7例患者，入院至死亡PON活力均无明显变化。结论AOPP患者的PON活力降低，随着病情好转血清中PON活力逐渐升高，动态观察PON活力可能对疗效监测和预后判断有一定参考价值。     

急性有机磷农药中毒呼吸衰竭与全血胆碱酯酶活力的相关性

呼吸衰竭 (呼衰 )仍是目前急性有机磷农药中毒 (ＡＯＰＰ)的首要死亡原因。我们对近年收治的 5 6例ＡＯＰＰ呼衰患者进行了呼衰与全血胆碱酯酶 (ＣｈＥ)活力之间关系的探讨。一、临床资料1 一般资料 :5 6例ＡＯＰＰ患者中男 19例、女 3 7例 ,年龄13～ 64岁。ＡＯＰＰ的诊断依据陈灏珠主编的《内科学》(第四版 )中的诊断标准。服药种类 :氧化乐果 14例、甲拌磷 13例、对硫磷 10例、久效磷 9例、内吸磷 1例、复配农药 9例。中毒程度 :重度 5 5例、轻度 1例。呼衰诊断标准 :( 1)呼吸困难 ;( 2 )发绀 ;( 3 )伴或不伴意识障碍 ;( 4 )动脉血氧分压…     

凝血功能指标及胆碱酯酶检测对肝硬化患者的临床意义

目的探讨凝血因子和胆碱酯酶(CHE)在肝硬化中的变化及意义。方法选取本院住院部132例肝硬化患者及门诊部110例健康体检者的血液标本,测定凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)及胆碱酯酶水平。结果肝硬化患者凝血4项指标及胆碱酯酶水平变化不仅与正常人差异有统计学意义,而且随着肝功能损害程度的加重,凝血障碍越明显,CHE活性越低。结论 CHE和凝血功能指标可以很好及时、准确地反映肝硬化患者肝脏的损害程度,对肝硬化患者病情的监测、治疗以及预后判断有重要的临床意义。     

血清r-L-谷氨酰转肽酶和胆碱酯酶的检测结果及临床应用

本文对218例患者进行了血清r-L谷氨酰转肽酶和胆碱酯酶的测定,其结果以及临床应用总结如下.1 资料与方法1.1 一般资料正常对照组40例:选自门诊病例,男22例,女18例,年龄19～68岁,健康检查未发现心、肝、肾脏及内分泌疾病.观察组178例:选自住院病例,急性肝炎41例,男25例,女16例,年龄20～61岁;慢性迁延性肝炎20例,男15例,女5例,年龄19～60岁;慢性活动性肝炎32例,男22例,女10例,年龄15～64岁;肝硬化30例,男23例,女7例,年龄37～76岁;肝癌7例,男5例,女2例,年龄36～70岁;急性肾炎16例,男12例,女4例,年龄33～60岁;慢性肾炎18例,男9例,女9例,年龄31～60岁;肾病综合征14例,男8例,女6例,年龄32～67岁.两组在性别、年龄等方面具有可比性.     

滤除白细胞与MB-P法病毒灭活对血浆胆碱酯酶的影响

目的 采用滤除白细胞与MB-P法病毒灭活两种方法处理血浆,探讨2种方法对血浆胆碱酯酶(CHE)的影响与变化规律.方法 随机采集无偿献血合格者血液标本20份,每份400 ml;将每份新鲜血浆在制备过程中平均分为滤白与病毒灭活组和对照组.所有标本同时进行血浆CHE的测定.结果 经滤除白细胞及病毒灭活处理后,实验组CHE活力与对照组比较经方差分析差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 经滤除白细胞与MB-P法病毒灭活处理后的血浆,其CHE活力影响小,可用于临床有机磷中毒的救治.     

氯解磷定对水胺硫磷中毒大鼠的神经肌肉传导作用

目的　探讨肟类药物在急性水胺硫磷中毒治疗中改善神经肌肉传导“非乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)重活化效应”的作用。方法　应用电刺激单纤维肌电图 (SSFEMG)研究氯解磷定 (PAM Cl)对水胺硫磷中毒大鼠神经肌肉传导的影响。结果　水胺硫磷中毒大鼠在给予PAM Cl治疗后 ,腓肠肌的单纤维动作电位平均连续差 (MCD)值为 (2 5 .99± 5 .84) μs,低于治疗前MCD值 [(33 .2 1± 4 .0 9) μs] ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;而全血和腓肠肌AChE活力并未见明显恢复。结论　PAM Cl有“非AChE重活化效应” ,可明显改善水胺硫磷中毒大鼠的腓肠肌神经肌肉传导 (NMT)阻滞     

大黄对急性氧化乐果中毒大鼠血浆胆碱酯酶和超氧化物歧化酶影响的实验研究

目的研究大黄对急性氧化乐果中毒急诊抢救治疗的辅助作用。方法用sD大鼠作为研究对象。将80只SD大鼠随机分为4组：轻度氧化乐果染毒组、重度氧化乐果染毒组、重度染毒后大黄治疗组和正常对照组。用不同剂量毒物对实验动物进行染毒,造成轻重不同程度的两组染毒动物模型（重度染毒2组、轻度染毒1组）,然后将重度染毒组中的一组给予大黄治疗。结果大黄治疗组动物行为明显优于对照组,而且该组血浆中不同时间点的胆碱酯酶（ChE）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）明显高于其它两个中毒对照组（P〈0．01,P〈0．05）。结论大黄对急性氧化乐果中毒急诊抢救治疗有明显的辅助作用。     

血浆置换治疗急性重度有机磷农药中毒的Meta分析

目的 探讨血浆置换(PE)治疗急性重度有机磷农药中毒( AOPP)的疗效.方法 检索中国学术期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM),收集PE治疗AOPP的队列研究,采用Review Manager 4.2分析软件进行固定效应模型的Meta分析.结果 入选的6项研究中共包括AOPP患者433例,其中治疗组211例,均为常规内科治疗加PE;对照组222例,均为常规内科治疗.治疗组患者病死率[9.00％( 19/211)]明显低于对照组[28.38％( 63/22)],差异有统计学意义(RR为0.30,95％CI为0.19～0.49,P＜0.01).结论 PE可降低AOPP的病死率.     

Effects of repeated inhalation-exposure to fenitrothion powder on blood cholinesterase activity in rats

Effects of repeated exposure to Fenitrothion (Sumithion) powder on erythrocyte membrane acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and plasma cholinesterase (PChE) were studied. Rats (Wistar, male) were exposed to fenitrothion powder for 2 hrs/day, 5 days/week for up to 3 months. The suppression of AChE and PChE increased as the exposure period and exposure concentration increased, although no suppression of AChE was found after a single 4-hr exposure. The persistence of AChE inhibition after the termination of exposure increased with the increase of the exposure period and was longer than that of PChE. Therefore, the AChE activity seems to be useful in examining the response to the repeated exposure to fenitrothion powder.     

Plasma cholinesterase level of Ethiopian farm workers exposed to chemical pesticide

BACKGROUND: Pesticide applications can have unwanted health consequences. AIM: To study cholinesterase levels in farm workers with varying exposure to chemical pesticide. METHODS: Plasma cholinesterase (PChE) was measured in workers at two Ethiopian farms. A standard questionnaire adopted from the British Medical Research Council was used to determine the health status of the subjects. RESULTS: A total of 82 farm workers and 47 controls participated in the study. While the mean values of plasma cholinesterase were generally lower in those exposed, this difference was only significant in the sprayers at Birr farm (P<0.05). In this group, four sprayers had cholinesterase activity lower than 50%. CONCLUSION: The sprayers in both farms were the most affected groups, suggesting that improved controls on workplace exposure to pesticide is required in these groups of workers.     

血液灌流治疗急性有机磷中毒中间期肌无力综合征的疗效评价

目的 探讨血液灌流治疗急性有机磷中毒(acute organophosphate poisoning,AOPP)致中间期肌无力综合征(intermediate symdrome,IMS)的临床疗效.方法 选取2006至2011年收住我院急诊科的AOPP并发IMS综合征且临床资料完整的患者80例,其中血液灌流治疗组36例,非血液灌流治疗组44例.分析两组患者的临床特点和治疗效果.结果 与入院首次比较,入院后24、72 h血液灌流组和入院后72 h非血液灌流组患者血液胆碱酯酶活力上升,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).入院后24 h时,血液灌流组患者血液胆碱酯酶活力明显高于非血液灌流组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).血液灌流组患者使用阿托品总剂量、呼吸机使用天数、入住ICU时间、昏迷至清醒时间均明显低于非血液灌流组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).血液灌流组患者肺部感染的发生率和因呼吸衰竭死亡的比例较非血液灌流组明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).两组患者的上消化道出血的发生率和病死率比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 血液灌流可以缩短IMS患者的病程,减少并发症,降低因呼吸衰竭而死亡的比例.     

蔬菜中多种有机磷农药同时测定的气相色谱法

目的 探讨同时测定蔬菜中多种有机磷农药残留量的方法。方法 蔬菜样品经前处理后用气相色谱仪测定甲胺磷、敌敌畏、乙酰甲胺磷、氧化乐果、甲拌磷、乐果、马拉硫磷和对硫磷等8种有机磷农药残留量,测定了方法的回收率和精密度,分析了干扰情况。结果 上述8种农药的平均同收率分别为99．0％,96．0％,103．4％,101．3％,95．9％,99．4％,92．4％,91．0％,变异系数分别为6．91％,6．09％,9．23％,9．63％,9．18％,7．01％,6．82％,7．50％。结论 该方法操作简便,回收率和精密度较好,干扰少。     

The effect of tobacco consumption on blood cholinesterase levels among workers exposed to organophosphorus pesticides

This is a cross-sectional study of workers in the pesticide industry, engaged in the formulation and packaging of organophosphorus compounds. A detailed history was taken of all study participants. Investigations carried out were the measurement of haemoglobin levels and estimation of whole blood cholinesterase levels. The prevalence of tobacco consumption in the industry is 76.09%. The mean age of employees was 42.8 years and the mean duration of service was 16.6 years. The study concludes that tobacco consumption increases the risk of toxicity due to organophosphorus pesticides, as indicated by a decrease in the blood cholinesterase levels. In this study, the age of employees and duration of service in the pesticide industry played no role in increasing the risk of toxic effects when exposed to organophosphorus pesticides.     

Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity in the blood of rats exposed to tin and zinc

Ninety rats of the Wistar strain were divided into 18 groups (5 animals in each). Stannous chloride was administered to animals by different routes (subcutaneously, intraperitoneally, intragastrically). Zinc was given intraperitoneally and lead was given subcutaneously, both every other day. Control animals received 0.9% NaCl. Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity was clearly decreased due to the double tin dose (total dose 4 mg Sn/kg), whereas 7 doses (altogether 14 mg Sn/kg) resulted in almost complete enzyme inhibition. ALAD inhibition in rat blood was similar, whatever the SnCl2 administration route. Greater inhibition was noted when this enzyme measured at pH 6.8. Zinc administered intraperitoneally (without tin) was also found to inhibit ALAD activity. The zinc doses applied did not protect ALAD activity against inhibition by tin, administered either intragastrically or intraperitoneally.