齐拉西酮对难治性抑郁症的辅助治疗作用

目的:探讨氟西汀联合齐拉西酮治疗难治性抑郁症的疗效和安全性. 方法:76例难治性抑郁症患者随机分为合用组(氟西汀联合齐拉西酮)39例,单用组(单用氟西汀)37例.疗程8周.于治疗前及治疗2、4、8周分别用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)及治疗中出现的症状量表(TESS)评定疗效及不良反应. 结果:两组HAMD、HAMA评分较治疗前均显著下降(P<0.05或P<0.01),以合用组在治疗各周降分更为明显(P<0.05或P<0.01).两组药物不良反应相仿. 结论:氟西汀联合齐拉西酮治疗难治性抑郁症的疗效明显优于单用氟西汀,安全性较高.     

是否合用奎硫平对抑郁症的疗效比较

目的:探讨奎硫平联合氟西汀治疗抑郁症的效果.方法:随机将33例抑郁症患者分成两组,分别给予氟西汀或氟西汀合并奎硫平,治疗6周.以汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)及汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)观察疗效,副反应量表(TESS)观察不良反应.结果:两组间HAMD和HAMA于第1、2、6周末减分率比较均以合用组显著较大.TESS各周评分差异无显著性.结论:奎硫平合并氟西汀治疗抑郁症的疗效优于单纯使用氟西汀,且耐受性好.     

低频重复经颅磁刺激治疗首发抑郁症的临床对照研究

目的探讨低频重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)治疗首发抑郁症的疗效及安全性。方法采用随机数字表法将符合《中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准(第3版)》(CCMD-3)的65例首发抑郁症患者分为rTMS组33例和氟西汀组32例,观察期6周。用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD-17)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)及副反应量表(TESS)分别评定疗效及不良反应。结果 rTMS组有效率78.8%,氟西汀组有效率84.4%,两组疗效相当(P0.05);在第1周末rTMS组HAMD-17和HAMA评分较氟西汀组低,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05);rTMS组和氟西汀组不良反应发生率分别为12.1%和40.6%,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论 rTMS治疗首发抑郁症的效果与氟西汀相当,但起效较氟西汀快、不良反应发生率低于氟西汀。     

西酞普兰与氟西汀治疗抑郁症对照研究

目的 评价西酞普兰与氟西汀治疗抑郁症的疗效及安全性。方法 将44例符合CCMD-3诊断标准的抑郁症患者随机分为西酞普兰组和氟西汀组，疗程8周，用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）和副反应量表（TESS）评定疗效和不良反应。结果 西酞普兰与氟西汀治疗抑郁症疗效相似，西酞普兰起效更快，副反应轻。结论 西酞普兰是一个既有效又安全的SSRIs抗抑郁药物。     

西酞普兰与氟西汀治疗老年抑郁症对照研究

目的 比较西酞普兰和氟西汀治疗老年抑郁症的疗效及安全性.方法 将54例老年抑郁症患者随机分为西酞普兰组和氟西汀组,分别给予西酞普兰和氟西汀治疗,疗程6周.采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）及副反应量表（TESS）评定疗效和副反应.结果 2组总体疗效相当,显效率分别为82.3%和75.6%.但2周末时HAMD评分及减分率、HAMA评分2组间差异有显著性,说明西酞普兰起效较快.2组不良反应均较轻,安全性好.结论 西酞普兰是一种安全有效的抗抑郁药,能用于老年抑郁症患者.     

路优泰与帕罗西汀治疗抑郁症临床对照研究

目的:比较路优泰与帕罗西汀治疗抑郁症疗效和安全性。方法:对56例抑郁症患者随机分为两组,分别给予路优泰与帕罗西汀治疗,疗程6周。以汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD,17项)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评定疗效,以副反应量表(TESS)评定不良反应,于治疗前及治疗2、4、6周各评定1次。结果:两组疗效差异无显著性。两组不良反应均较轻。结论:路优泰具有良好抗抑郁作用,疗效与帕罗西汀相当,不良反应轻,安全性好。     

米氮平治疗强迫症对照研究

目的:比较米氮平与氟西汀治疗强迫症的疗效和不良反应.方法:分别用米氮平和氟西汀治疗强迫症各27例,疗程8周.应用Yale-Brown强迫症量表(Y-BOCS)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)及汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评定疗效.结果:治疗后米氮平组与氟西汀组Y-BOCS、HAMD、HAMA分值均显著下降,两组间疗效差异无显著性.米氮平组不良反应明显少于氟西汀组.结论:米氮平治疗强迫症疗效与氟西汀相仿,不良反应少,可在临床使用.     

米氮平与氟西汀治疗老年抑郁症对照研究

目的:比较米氮平和氟西汀对老年抑郁症的疗效和不良反应. 方法:将60例老年抑郁症患者随机分为米氮平组和氟西汀组,分别给予米氮平和氟西汀治疗,疗程6周.采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)及副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效和不良反应. 结果:米氮平组和氟西汀组显效率分别为83.3%和76.7%,二者疗效相仿.HAMD评分米氮平组治疗1周即显著下降,氟西汀组治疗4周时显著下降.米氮平组嗜睡较多,而氟西汀组口干、失眠、兴奋或激越等发生率较高. 结论:米氮平是一种安全、有效的抗抑郁药物,能用于老年抑郁症患者.     

氟西汀合并多塞平治疗抑郁症的疗效对照研究

目的 评价氟西汀合并多塞平治疗抑郁症的疗效及安全性.方法 将52例符合CCMD-3诊断标准的抑郁症患者随机分为研究组和对照组.研究组在常规给予氟西汀治疗的基础上,合并小剂量的多塞平治疗;对照组则仅给予氟西汀治疗.疗程6周.采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）及不良反应量表（TESS）评定疗效及不良反应.结果 两组疗效相当（P＞0.05）,即研究组显效率为80.8%,对照组为73.1%;但在第1及第2周末研究组HAMD评分显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）;治疗后各周研究组HAMA评分均显著低于对照组;TESS评分两组间无显著性差异.结论 氟西汀合并小剂量多塞平治疗抑郁症起效快,能显著改善患者伴发的焦虑症状,安全性亦高.     

文拉法辛缓释片治疗抑郁症临床对照观察

目的:评价文法拉辛缓释片治疗抑郁症的疗效与安全性。方法:将73例抑郁症患者随机分为文拉法辛缓释片组37例,氟西汀组36例。疗程8周。以汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)和治疗中出现的症状量表(TESS)评定。结果:文拉法辛缓释片组与氟西汀组均有显著疗效,不良反应均少。结论:文拉法辛缓释片治疗抑郁症疗效确切,安全性好。     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

腺垂体功能减退症临床特征变化分析

目的探讨腺垂体功能减退症患者的病因结构变化及临床表现。方法回顾性分析我院2013-01—2016-12住院及门诊78例腺垂体功能减退症患者的临床资料。结果男32例(41.03%),女46例(58.97%);诊断时年龄11~89岁,平均62.5岁;鞍区占位(包括术前及术后)52例(66.67%),席汉综合征8例(10.26%),空泡蝶鞍9例(11.65%),病因不明8例(10.26%),垂体-下丘脑发育不良1例(1.28%)。首次就诊科室:纳差厌食、恶心呕吐就诊于消化内科36例(46.15%)最常见。ACTH+TSH+Gn+G激素缺乏为19例最多,占24.36%,ACTH+TSH+Gn缺乏15例,占19.23%。结论腺垂体功能减退症病因结构发生变化,发病人群、首发症状及受累激素也不同,患者女性多于男性,发病年龄偏高,症状不典型,分布于临床多个科室,其中以低钠血症为首发临床表现就诊消化内科最多。     

Standards of instrumentation of EMG

Standardization of Electromyography (EMG) instrumentation is of particular importance to ensure high quality recordings. This consensus report on “Standards of Instrumentation of EMG” is an update and extension of the earlier IFCN Guidelines published in 1999. First, a panel of experts in different fields from different geographical distributions was invited to submit a section on their particular interest and expertise. Then, the merged document was circulated for comments and edits until a consensus emerged.The first sections in this document cover technical aspects such as instrumentation, EMG hardware and software including amplifiers and filters, digital signal analysis and instrumentation settings. Other sections cover the topics such as temporary storage, trigger and delay line, averaging, electrode types, stimulation techniques for optimal and standardised EMG examinations, and the artefacts electromyographers may face and safety rules they should follow. Finally, storage of data and databases, report generators and external communication are summarized.     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

Release of endogenous catecholamines from slices of hypothalamus of rats

The release of endogenous catecholamines from superfused slices of rat hypothalamus was studied under basal conditions and during release evoked by 40 mM K⁺. Catecholamines in superfusates, and in extracts of the tissue after stimulation, were isolated by column chromatography and quantitated by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Norepinephrine (NE) was not consistently demonstrable in superfusate collected under basal conditions, but 40 mM K⁺ caused the release of from 2 to 4 ng/g of tissue per min. The addition of cocaine to the superfusate caused increases in basal and evoked release of NE. Epinephrine (E) could be measured in superfusates of slices from male but not female rats and then only when cocaine was added to the superfusate. Accordingly, the concentration of E in hypothalamus was greater in male rats than in female rats. Dopamine (DA) was not consistently measurable in the spontaneous overflow from slices either in the presence or absence of cocaine. K⁺-evoked release of DA could be demonstrated in slices from female rats. The addition of cocaine increased the evoked release of DA from slices from both sexes. Corticosterone, added to cocaine, had no effects on the efflux of any of the catecholamines. The experiments suggest that neuronal reuptake of all catecholamines is very efficient in the hypothalamus both under basal conditions and during evoked release.     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。     

Function of circle of Willis

Nearly 400 years ago, Thomas Willis described the arterial ring at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis, CW) and recognized it as a compensatory system in the case of arterial occlusion. This theory is still accepted. We present several arguments that via negativa should discard the compensatory theory. (1) Current theory is anthropocentric; it ignores other species and their analog structures. (2) Arterial pathologies are diseases of old age, appearing after gene propagation. (3) According to the current theory, evolution has foresight. (4) Its commonness among animals indicates that it is probably a convergent evolutionary structure. (5) It was observed that communicating arteries are too small for effective blood flow, and (6) missing or hypoplastic in the majority of the population. We infer that CW, under physiologic conditions, serves as a passive pressure dissipating system; without considerable blood flow, pressure is transferred from the high to low pressure end, the latter being another arterial component of CW. Pressure gradient exists because pulse wave and blood flow arrive into the skull through different cerebral arteries asynchronously, due to arterial tree asymmetry. Therefore, CW and its communicating arteries protect cerebral artery and blood–brain barrier from hemodynamic stress.     

阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的:比较阿立哌唑与利培酮对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法:60例精神分裂患者随机平分为两组各30例,分别给予阿立哌唑和利培酮治疗。疗程8周。用生活质量综合评定问卷-74(GQOLI-74)、阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)及副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效及不良反应。结果:阿立哌唑与利培酮均能显著提高精神分裂症患者生活质量,但阿立哌唑在改善GQOLI-74总分、躯体健康及社会功能维度优于利培酮。结论:阿立哌唑治疗有利于提高精神分裂症患者生活质量。