Expression of cytokeratins in odontogenic jaw cysts: monoclonal antibodies reveal distinct variation between different cyst types

Immunostaining with monoclonal antibodies was used to study and compare the cytokeratin content of odontogenic cysts and normal gingival epithelium. Two monoclonal antibodies, PKK2 and KA1, stained the whole epithelium in all cyst samples. In gingivu, PKK2 gave a suprabasal staining and KA1 reacted with all epithelial cell layers. Antibodies PKK1, KM 4.62 and Ks 8.12 gave a heterogeneous staining in follicular and radicular cysts. In keratocysts and in gingiva PKK1 and K_M 4.62 reacted mainly with basal cells and K_s 8.12 gave a suprabasal staining. Antibodies reacting with the simple epithelial cytokeratin polypeptide No. 18 (PKK3, K_s 18.18) recognized in gingiva only solitary cells compatible with Merkel cells. In a case of follicular ameloblastoma a distinct staining of tumor epithelium was revealed with these antibodies. In 2 follicular cysts, but not in other cyst types, a layer of cytokeratin 18-positive cells was revealed. KA5 and K_k 8.60 antibodies, reacting exclusively with keratinizing epithelia, including normal gingiva, gave no reaction in radicular cysts, keratocysts and ameloblastoma. Two of the follicular cysts, were negative for PKK3 and K_s 18.18, but reacted strongly with KA5 and K_k 8.60. The present results show that odontogenic jaw cysts have distinct differences in their cytokeratin content. With the exception of some follicular cysts, they lack signs of keratinizing epithelial differentiation. Only follicular cysts appear to share with some types of ameloblastoma the expression of cytokeratin polypeptide No. 18.     

破骨细胞分化因子在牙源性颌骨囊肿中的表达

目的　探讨牙源性颌骨囊肿骨吸收的机制。方法　采用免疫组化SP法检测5 5例牙源性颌骨囊肿石蜡切片中破骨细胞分化因子(ligandforosteoprotegerin ,OPGL)的表达,并以10例正常口腔黏膜作对照。囊肿体积采用骨腔注水法测定。结果　牙源性颌骨囊肿上皮细胞OPGL阳性表达36例,占6 5 .4 5 % ,10例正常口腔黏膜OPGL表达均为阴性。在OPGL表达(- )～(+++)各组中囊肿体积(ml)分别为:2 .0 2±2 .0 8、2 .2 7±1.88、2 .86±2 .84、5 .2 5±6 .10 ,仅表达(- )与表达(+++)组间差异有显著性(0 .0 2

0 .0 5 )。结论　牙源性颌骨囊肿存在OPGL高表达,其表达水平与颌骨囊肿骨吸收呈正相关。     

Immunohistochemical study of jaw cysts: different existence of keratins in odontogenic and non-odontogenic epithelial linings

Keratins and secretory component (SC) were immunohistochemically examined in fresh tissue samples from 45 odontogenic and 35 non-odontogenic cysts. Lining epithelia of almost all cases contained keratins which reacted with polyclonal antibodies (Dako, Bio-Science), and no difference could be found between the two groups of lesions. By staining with two monoclonal antibodies against keratins, i.e., RGE53 (Bio-Science) and RKSE60 (Bio-Science), it was revealed that the epithelia of non-odontogenic cysts, which were columnar epithelium in most cases, had fully and positively reacted with RGE53, while none of the cases was positive for RKSE60. In contrast, the squamous linings of odontogenic cysts except for two cases did not react with RGE53, and few cases possessed RKSE60-reactive keratin. SC was also contradictory. All non-odontogenic cysts exhibited SC. Regarding each pair of non-odontogenic and odontogenic cysts covered with RGE53 and SC-positive, and RKSE60-negative squamous epithelium, it seemed reasonable from the staining results to conclude that the squamous linings were metaplastic from the columnar epithelium. Based on the results, concomitant examinations of SC with keratins will be helpful in deciding the epithelial derivation of jaw cysts.     

囊肿塞在颌骨囊肿开窗减压术中的应用

囊肿塞是颌骨囊肿进行开窗减压术治疗中常用的辅助治疗器具,近年来,随着材料和技术的发展,不同形式的囊肿塞层出不穷。本文回顾了目前临床常见囊肿塞的种类、制作方法及其适应证,探讨了各类囊肿塞在制作及应用过程中的优缺点。     

Relation between size of odontogenic jaw cysts and the pressure of fluid within

Intracystic fluid pressure may have a crucial role in the growth of odontogenic jaw cysts. In this study, we investigated the relation between the size of the cyst and the pressure of the fluid within odontogenic keratocysts, dentigerous cysts, and radicular cysts. The radiolucent area of the cyst on a panoramic radiograph was linearly related to the volume in the cavity, and the correlation coefficient (gamma) was 0.70 (n = 25, P < 0.001). Intracystic fluid pressure correlated negatively with the radiolucent area in odontogenic keratocysts (gamma = -0.76, n = 9, P = 0.02), dentigerous cysts (gamma = -0.54, n = 16, P = 0.03), and radicular cysts (gamma = -0.69, n = 10, P = 0.03). The values of [(intracystic fluid pressure (mmHg)) x (radiolucent area (cm(2)))] did not differ significantly among the three types of cyst. Intracystic fluid pressure may therefore be negatively related to the size of all three types of cyst.     

Expression of cytokeratins in Warthin's tumour (adenolymphoma) of parotid glands: Specific detection of individual cytokeratin types by monoclonal antibodies

This study evaluated the distribution of cytokeratins detected by monoclonal antibodies directed against individual keratin proteins in normal human salivary glands and epithelial tumour cells of Warthin's tumour arising in parotid glands to determine a more precise mapping of their cellular distribution. The normal salivary ducts showed the presence of cytokeratins 7, 8, 18 and 19 in the intercalated, striated and excretory ducts, the primary keratins of stratified and simple epithelia with a profile very similar to the non-cornified epithelium of the oral mucosa. The basally located cells of salivary gland ducts other than myoepithelial cells were reactive for keratins 7 and 19 suggesting a close similarity in profile of keratin in the basal cells of the oral epithelium. In Warthin's tumour, keratins 7, 8, 18 and 19 were consistently detected in the epithelial cells of the tumour, a profile with a tendency to mimic the same in normal ductal epithelium. The distribution, however, was diverse and a heterogeneity was observed in the basal and luminal cells of Warthin's tumour which differed even in different areas of the same tumour specimen.     

669例牙源性颌骨囊肿临床分析

目的 :比较角化囊肿、根端囊肿、含牙囊肿等三型牙源性颌骨囊肿的临床特点。方法 :收集 2 0年间牙源性角化囊肿 (odontogenickeratocyst,OKC)、根端囊肿 (radicularcyst ,RC)及含牙囊肿 (dentigerouscyst ,DC)的临床资料 ,对其性别构成、年龄分布、发病部位及临床表现等进行比较研究。结果 :①三型颌骨囊肿的男女之比分别为 :OKC 1.6∶1,RC 1.4∶1,DC 4.1∶1(x2 检验 ,P <0 .0 0 5 )。②除DC未见于 70岁以上年龄段外 ,几乎各年龄段均见三型颌骨囊肿的发生 ,三型囊肿组间及组内的年龄分布均有显著性差异 (x2 检验 ,P <0 .0 0 5 )。OKC及RC 2 0～ 2 9岁年龄段患病人数最多 ,分别占各年龄段患病人数的 2 7%及 2 0 % ;DC 10～ 19岁年龄段患病人数最多 ,占各年龄段患病人数的 2 9%。③颌骨的任一部位均见三型颌骨囊肿的发生 ,但发生频率不同 ,三型颌骨囊肿组间及组内发病部位的分布有显著性差异 (x2 检验 ,P <0 .0 0 5 )。OKC以下颌磨牙区发生率最高 ( 5 5 % ) ,其次为下颌前磨牙区( 4 1% ) ;RC及DC则以上颌前牙区发生率最高 ,二者的发生率分别为 5 7%与 75 %。④OKC有 13 7例合并感染 ,感染率 3 9% ;RC 48例合并感染 ,感染率 2 4% ;DC 18例合并感染 ,感染率 16% ,三型间有显著性差异 (x2 检验 ,P <0 .0 0 5     

Expression of basement membrane components in odontogenic cysts

OBJECTIVE: To compare the expression of basement membrane components (BMCs), including laminins 1 and 5, collagen type IV, and fibronectin in odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) with dentigerous cysts (DCs) and radicular cysts (RCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Basement membrane components were analysed in 20 OKCs, 20 DCs and 20 RCs using an immunohistochemical technique. RESULTS: Odontogenic keratocysts, DCs and RCs showed positive reaction to all BMCs studied, with different distributions and intensity. OKCs showed continuous linear deposits for laminins 1 and 5 but two staining patterns (continuous and discontinuous) for collagen type IV and fibronectin. DCs exhibited continuous linear deposits for laminins 1 and 5 and collagen type IV but a discontinuous linear deposit for fibronectin. RCs displayed similar results to DCs for laminin 1, collagen type IV and fibronectin. Laminin 5 in RCs had two staining patterns. Constant results in all cysts were strong intensity for laminin 1 and moderate intensity for laminin 5. CONCLUSIONS: Substantial differences in the expression of BMCs among studied cysts were not observed, suggesting that the separation of the epithelial lining in OKCs is not associated with the existence of these proteins.     

Lectin histochemistry of cystic jaw lesions: an aid for differential diagnosis between cystic ameloblastoma and odontogenic cysts

The binding sites for Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEA-I), Bandeirea simplicifolia agglutinin I (BSA-I), and peanut agglutinin (PNA) were comparatively examined in the surgical materials from 41 cases of cystic and solid ameloblastomas and 42 cases of non-neoplastic odontogenic cysts including dentigerous cyst, odontogenic keratocyst, and radicular cyst. In non-neoplastic cysts, most of epithelial lining layers gave positive binding with UEA-I and BSA-I. However, no positive reactions were obtained for these two lectins in the epithelial components of ameloblastoma, except for limited UEA-I binding to markedly keratinized tumor cells in four cases. PNA binding was irregular and did not make any clear distinction between ameloblastomas and cysts. The results suggest that the lectin staining for UEA-I and BSA-I is a useful histologic aid for differential diagnosis between cystic ameloblastoma and non-neoplastic jaw cysts.     

Immunohistochemical expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in different types of odontogenic cysts

The objective of the present study was to evaluate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in different types of odontogenic cysts. A total of 25 parakeratotic odontogenic keratocysts (POKCs), 16 orthokeratotic odontogenic keratocysts (OOKCs), and 28 follicular cysts (FCs) were evaluated semiquantitatively for immunohistochemical analysis of VEGF in epithelial cells, endothelial cells of blood vessels, inflammatory cells and focally stromal cells. A significant different expression of VEGF in all cell components was found in keratocysts compared to FCs. The POKCs (80%) and OOKCs (68%) showed more than 50% VEGF positive epithelial cells, whereas the majority of FCs (71%) were either negative in the epithelium or showed less than 10% positive cells. Similarly, the POKCs (88%) and OOKCs (68%) showed more than 50% positive endothelial cells, whereas the FCs (75%) were either negative or showed less than 10% VEGF positive endothelial cells. The highest percentage of cases with score 2 positivity in the stromal cells was observed in POKCs (68%); OOKCs showed a score 2 positivity in 44%, score 1 in 31% and score 0 in 25%, whereas 68% of FCs showed a score 0, 25% a score 1 and only 7% of cases showed a score 2. No statistically significant differences were observed between POKCs and OOKCs in VEGF expression in the epithelial and endothelial cells, whereas the positivity score in stromal cells was significantly higher in POKCs compared to OOKCs. The present results can support the hypothesis that angiogenesis is an active mechanism in the invasive growth of the OKC.     

囊肿塞子在颌骨囊肿开窗减压术中的应用

目的 探讨囊肿塞子在颌骨囊肿开窗减压术中的应用价值。 方法 选取2008年至今巨大颌骨囊肿和替牙期囊肿患者共122例,行开窗减压术后制作125件囊肿塞子（1例多发囊肿）,观察效果。 结果 本组病例中100例患者囊腔在1~2年内闭合,包含23例9~12岁儿童,22例患者遗留一小囊腔,需二次手术,随访2年无一例复发。下颌愈合时间较上颌愈合时间短,所有混合牙列期患者恒牙均正常萌出,膨出的面型恢复正常。 结论 颌骨囊肿开窗减压术后佩戴囊肿塞子可以有效地阻止食物进入囊腔,引流出囊液。     

囊肿塞在颌骨囊肿袋形术后引流中的应用

目的:介绍2种囊肿塞的设计和制作特点及其在囊肿袋形术后引流中的应用。方法:根据囊肿的部位和治疗要求不同,将囊肿塞分为常规型和义齿型,分别介绍制作步骤和注意事项。结果:依囊肿造口所在区域统计,43件囊肿塞用于磨牙区32件,前磨牙区7件,前牙区4件。常规型35件,义齿型8件。所有病例中,囊肿造口保持通畅,未发现与该装置应用有关的并发症。义齿型囊肿塞具有美学和功能效果。结论:卡环固位的囊肿塞适用于颌骨囊肿的引流,义齿型囊肿塞还可以暂时修复失牙。     

Relative incidence of odontogenic tumors and oral and jaw cysts in a Canadian population

The diagnoses of 40,000 consecutively accessioned oral biopsies from the Oral Pathology Diagnostic Service, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada, were reviewed. All odontogenic neoplasms, neoplasm-like lesions (tumors), and true cysts of the oral tissues and jaws were listed. Clinical data were reviewed, and microscopic diagnoses were confirmed for cases in which diagnoses were ambiguous. Records of all cases were examined to identify distant referrals that were not representative of the study population. Of a total of 445 (1.11%) odontogenic tumors, 392 (0.98%) were lesions from patients in the usual local drawing area of the biopsy service; 53 were referred from distant centers. From the local population, odontomas were by far the most common tumor (51.53%) followed by ameloblastomas (13.52%) and peripheral odontogenic fibromas (8.93%). Locally, radicular (periapical) cysts were the most common odontogenic cyst (65.15%) followed by the dentigerous cyst (24.08%) and the odontogenic keratocyst (4.88%). The most common nonodontogenic cyst was the nasopalatine duct cyst that accounted for 73.43% of this subset of cysts. Surprisingly few studies of this type are available, especially for odontogenic tumors. These data are important to assess geographic differences in the incidence of lesions and to allow clinicians to make realistic judgments in counseling patients before biopsy about the probability of diagnosis and risks associated with nonspecific clinical or radiographic lesions.     

囊肿塞子在颌骨囊肿治疗中的临床应用

选取颌骨囊肿开窗减压治疗术后患者39例,戴用囊肿塞子。所有患者均在1～2年内囊腔愈合,其中3例替牙期患者恒牙顺利萌出。囊肿塞子在颌骨囊肿治疗中起到了持续开窗引流作用,防止开窗口提前愈合减轻了囊腔食物残渣污染;患者戴用方便,治疗依从性好。     

诱导型一氧化氮合酶与牙源性颌骨囊肿骨吸收的关系

目的探讨牙源性颌骨囊肿骨吸收的机制。方法采用免疫组化SP法检测55例牙源性颌骨囊肿石蜡切片中诱导型一氧化氮合酶(induciblenitricoxidesynthase,iNOS)的表达(以10例正常口腔粘膜作对照)。囊肿体积采用骨腔注水法测定。结果牙源性颌骨囊肿上皮细胞iNOS阳性表达的病例28例,占50.91%,10例正常口腔粘膜iNOS表达均为阴性。在iNOS表达(-)~()各组中囊肿体积(ml)分别为2.08±1.92、4.71±5.55、3.16±2.98、1.18±1.36,(-)与(+)、()及(+)~()组间差异有显著性(P<0.05)。根尖囊肿、始基囊肿、角化囊肿iNOS表达无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论在骨吸收机理中iNOS起着重要作用,其表达水平与颌骨囊肿骨吸收具有正相关。     

Survivin、Ki67在牙源性囊肿上皮组织中的表达及意义

目的：探讨根端囊肿、含牙囊肿及角化囊肿衬里上皮中Survivin、Ki67的表达及意义。方法：采用免疫组化法检测12例根端囊肿、20例含牙囊肿、22例角化囊肿中Survivin、Ki67表达水平,并加以分析。结果：Survivin在根瑞囊肿中无表达,在含牙囊肿和角化囊肿中表达的阳性率分别为10％、63．6％,角化囊肿OD值显著高于根端囊肿和含牙囊肿（P〈0．05）;Ki67在3种组织中均有表达,角化囊肿中Ki67-ＬＩ显著高于根端囊肿和含牙囊肿（Ｐ〈0．05）;角化囊肿中Survivin阳性表达的Ki67-LI显著高于表达阴性者（Ｐ〈0．05）,且Survivin表达与Ki67表达呈正相关（r=0．452,P〈0．05）。结论：survivin、Ki67在牙源性囊肿中的表达差异显示了它们具有不同的增殖和分化过程。     

Prevalence of developmental odontogenic cysts in children and adolescents with emphasis on dentigerous cyst and odontogenic keratocyst (keratocystic odontogenic tumor)

Objective. To investigate the incidence and prevalence of developmental odontogenic cysts in children and adolescents and compare the features of the two most common types, dentigerous cyst and keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT). Study design. A retrospective review in a series of 369 patients with all histological diagnoses of developmental odontogenic cysts in children (≤12 years) and adolescents (13–18 years) was conducted. Results. Among these, 361 (97.8%) patients were diagnosed as dentigerous cyst (n = 281) and KCOT (n = 80), with the male-to-female ratios of dentigerous cyst and KCOT both being 2:1. The average age of the patients with KCOT was older than that of those with dentigerous cyst (14.7 years vs 11.8 years, p < 0.001). Dentigerous cyst (59.1%) was more common in children, but KCOT (78.8%) was more common in adolescents (p < 0.001). Dentigerous cyst (57.6%) predominantly located on the maxilla, but KCOT (60.3%) predominantly located on the mandible (p = 0.010). Conclusions. Adolescent patients with lesions located on the mandible would favor KCOT over dentigerous cyst. This study aids in better knowledge of the prevalence of developmental odontogenic cysts in a large pediatric population, and shows that a well-supported early diagnosis is indispensable for a more adequate treatment.