彩色多普勒超声对糖尿病眼底微循环障碍及其慢性并发症评估的临床意义

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声对2型糖尿病患者视网膜及脉络膜的微循环改变评估的临床意义。方法:将我院2型糖尿病患者分为糖尿病不伴视网膜病变组(NDR组)、非增殖性视网膜病变组(NPR组)、增殖性视网膜病变组(PR组)和对照组。应用彩色多普勒和脉冲多普勒成像技术对视网膜睫状后短动脉(PCA)、中央动脉(CRA)的血流动力学情况进行监测,同时检测其空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白等生化指标。结果:NDR组动脉频谱呈S1、S2、S3三峰双切迹,NPR组和PR组为S峰降低,波形圆钝呈半圆形,D峰低平、宽大;4组间CRA的收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、舒张末期血流速度(EDV)和RI差异有统计学意义(F=13.21,11.34,9.85,P<0.05);CRA的PSV、EDV与空腹血糖(FBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、胰岛素抵抗指数、24h尿蛋白呈正相关关系,CRA的RI与FBG、HbA1c、胰岛素抵抗指数、24h尿蛋白呈负相关关系(P<0.05)。结论:CDFI能监测眼底血流动力学参数的变化,评价眼底微循环的变化,早期发现糖尿病眼底病变。     

彩色多普勒对视网膜脱离血液动力学研究

目的 :利用彩色多普勒技术评价视网膜脱离 (RD)患者球后血流动力学变化。方法 :视网膜脱离患者 3 5例 ,55只眼。对照组 2 6例 ,51只眼。彩色多普勒超声指导下 ,采用脉冲多普勒超声检测眼动脉 (OA)、视网膜中央动脉 (CRA)、睫状后动脉(PCA)收缩期 (PSV)、舒张期 (ESV)、平均血流速度 (AV)及阻力指数 (RI)、搏动指数 (PI)。结果 :RD与对照组的OA血流速度无明显差异 (P >0 .0 5) ;CRA、PCA的PSV、EDV、AV血流速度均减低 (P <0 .0 5) ;PI、RI值无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5)。结论 :视网膜脱离的血流动力学的变化直接影响到视网膜的微循环状态。彩色多普勒超声可正确评估球后血流灌注情况与病变的关系 ,较传统的荧光血管造影法更为直接和敏感 ,为视网膜脱离的基础研究及药物辅助治疗提供了重要的依据     

彩色多普勒对糖尿病患者眼底血管血流动力学研究

目的:研究糖尿病患者眼底血管的血流动力学改变。方法:采用彩色多普勒技术对30例正常人和90例糖尿病患者视网膜中央动脉(CRA)、视网膜中央静脉(CRV)和眼动脉(OA)的血流参数进行检测。结果:糖尿病患者CRA血流速度较对照组降低(P<0.05),以舒张期末血流速度(Vd)降低为显著(P<0.01),阻力指数(RI)比对照组增高(P<0.05);CRV血流速度较对照组升高(P<0.05),CRA/CRV比值降低;OA收缩期峰值血流速度(Vs)和舒张期末血流速度(Vd)比对照组均降低(P<0.05),以Vd降低明显(P<0.01),RI比对照组显著增高(P<0.01)。糖尿病合并增殖性视网膜病变的患者(C组),收缩期峰值血流速度(Vs)、平均血流速度(Vmean)比糖尿病无视网膜病变患者(A组)降低(P<0.05)。结论:糖尿病患者眼底血管的血流动力学异常,对糖尿病视网膜病变的早期诊断、防治有重要意义。     

彩色多普勒超声对缺血性视乳头病变早期血流动力学的研究

目的:探讨缺血性视乳头病变早期患者眼血流动力学变化。材料和方法:应用彩色多普勒血流成像(CDFI)技术检测40例患者与36例健康志愿者眼动脉、视网膜中央动脉、睫状后动脉收缩峰值速度(PSV)、舒张末期流速(EDV)、阻力指数(RI)及视网膜中央静脉最大流速(Vmax)。结果:与正常组比较,患者组眼动脉PSV无显著差异(P>0．05), EDV减低、RI增高(P<0．05);视网膜中央动脉PSV、EDV减低,RI增加(P<0．05);睫状后动脉PSV、EDV明显减低, RI明显增加(P<0．01);视网膜中央静脉Vmax减低(P<0．05)。结论:CDFI可评估缺血性视乳头病变早期眼血流动力学变化,为临床提供诊断信息。     

14d尾吊模拟失重大鼠眼底血流动力学及眼轴变化研究

目的探讨尾吊模拟失重14d对大鼠视网膜中央动脉血流动力学及眼轴变化的影响。方法 25只大鼠随机均分为5组:正常组,尾吊1d组,尾吊4d组,尾吊7d组,尾吊14d组,采用尾悬吊法建立模拟失重效应动物模型。彩色多普勒超声诊断仪测量大鼠视网膜中央动脉血流动力学及眼轴变化,血流动力学参数包括:收缩期最大血流速度(peak maximum systolic velocity,PSV),舒张末期血流速度(the end diastolic velocity EDV),搏动指数(pulsatility index,PI),阻力指数(resistance index,RI);彩色眼底照相观察大鼠视盘及视网膜变化。结果大鼠尾吊1d后PSV及EDV增高(P0.05);尾吊14d组同尾吊1d组相比,PSV及EDV降低(P0.05)。与对照组相比,各组PI、RI差异均无显著性意义。与尾吊4d组相比,尾吊7d组眼轴变短(P0.05),同尾吊7d组相比,尾吊14d组眼轴变短(P0.05)。各组观察期间,彩色眼底照相未见明显视盘水肿、视网膜出血、渗出等病变。结论14d尾吊模拟失重对大鼠眼底血流有一定影响。随尾吊时间延长,眼轴变短,观察期内未见大鼠视盘及视网膜明显损伤。     

妊娠期高血压疾病视网膜中央动脉血流动力学变化的研究

目的:分析对比亚高原地区和平原地区妊娠期高血压疾病(HDCP)视网膜中央动脉(CRA)血流动力学变化的不同。方法:应用Philips IU-22型彩色多普勒超声诊断仪测量亚高原西宁地区妊娠期高血压疾病视网膜中央动脉血的收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、舒张末期流速(EDV)和阻力指数(RI),并与平原地区进行对比。选择亚高原地区(西宁市)72例HDCP孕妇(观察组),包括妊娠期高血压(GH组)28例、轻度子痫前期(轻度PE组)19例及重度子痫前期(重度PE组)25例为观察组,另选择平原地区(上海市)59例HDCP孕妇(对照组),包括妊娠期高血压(GH组)23例、轻度子痫前期(轻度PE组)16例及重度子痫前期(重度PE组)20例为对照组。对两组孕妇采用彩色超声测量CRA血流动力学数据:收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、舒张末期流速(EDV)、阻力指数(RI),并进行比较。结果:亚高原地区HDCP组中GH组、轻度及重度PE组的PSV和EDV值均低于平原地区HDCP组相对应组,P<0.05。亚高原地区HDCP组中GH组、轻度及重度PE组的RI高于平原地区,P<0.05。高原组及平原组随着病情的加重,PSV值、EDV值均逐渐降低,两组RI值均逐渐升高。平原组中GH组、轻度及重度PE组间两两比较,PSV值、EDV值及RI值均有显著差异,具有统计学意义,同样,高原组中GH组、轻度及重度PE组间两两比较,PSV值、EDV值及RI值均有显著差异,具有统计学意义。结论:亚高原地区HDCP视网膜中央动脉(CRA)血流动力学受到高原环境的影响,在亚高原地区对孕妇行血流变检查可监测HDCP的发生,同时在指导治疗方法、预后判断方面具有重要意义。     

脑卒中高危人群视网膜中央动脉血流动力学与亚临床脑梗死的相关性研究

【摘要】目的：采用超声多普勒检测视网膜中央动脉（CRA）的血流动力学参数,并与亚临床脑梗死（SBI）做相关性分析,探讨其对SBI的预测作用。方法：149例脑卒中高危人群行MRI颅脑扫描,将其分为62例MRI有梗死灶的SBI组（观察组）和87例MRI无梗死灶的正常组（对照组）。应用彩色超声诊断仪检查CRA的血流频谱,测量CRA收缩期最大峰值血流速度（PSV）、舒张末期血流速度（EDV）、血流阻力指数（RI）。采用SAS统计软件做两样本的t检验。结果：观察组MRI脑梗死灶总数226个,主要分布于额叶及基底神经节,大小3～10mm。观察组CRA的PSV和EDV较对照组显著降低,RI显著增高。结论：脑卒中高危人群中SBI患者存在CRA血流动力学改变,高危人群中CRA血流动力学参数可以作为SBI的筛查指标。     

高级动态血流成像探测糖尿病患者胰十二指肠上前动脉

目的:了解正常人胰十二指肠上前动脉的多普勒参数及频谱形态特点;探讨糖尿病(DM)患者胰十二指肠上前动脉的多普勒参数及频谱形态变化.材料和方法:应用二维超声(2D-US)、彩色多普勒血流成像(CDFI)、彩色多普勒能量图(CDE)、脉冲多普勒(PW)和高级动态血流成像(ADF)探测101例(糖尿病组22例,正常老年组31例,正常成年组48例)胰十二指肠上前动脉、颈动脉、肾动脉,获得多普勒参数,进行组间对比分析.结果:胰十二指肠上前动脉总显示构成比为93.1%.糖尿病组较正常老年组胰十二指肠上前动脉阻力指数(RI)、收缩期最大血流速度(PSV)增高(P＜0.01);各级肾动脉舒张期末期血流速度(EDV)降低;RI增高(P＜0.01);颈总动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)增厚,斑块发生构成比增高(P＜0.01).结论:伴随着全身血管病变,糖尿病患者可出现胰十二指肠上前动脉多普勒参数的变化;ADF对胰腺动脉有较高显示率,能敏感地反映糖尿病胰腺动脉多普勒参数改变,有望成为糖尿病血管病变研究的新方法.     

彩色多普勒超声对高度近视眼后巩膜改变相关因素的评价

目的:探讨高度近视眼后巩膜形态改变与眼轴长度、近视程度及血流动力学变化之间的关系。方法:应用ATL超9型APOOGE-800型彩色多普勒超声诊断仪,探头频率5.0~10.0MHz。对26例正常眼,36例轻中度近视眼,51例高度近视眼后巩膜进行观察。并对26例正常眼,17例轻中度近视眼,26例高度近视眼的眼动脉(OA)、视网膜中央动脉(CRA)、睫状后动脉(PCA)进行检测。结果:轻中度近视组、高度近视组的眼轴长度与近视程度呈正相关性。两者之间的直线回归方程Y=-3510.3 1668.1X,R=0.9432,P<0.0001。后巩膜形态改变与正常对照组比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.001)。高度近视眼组、轻中度近视组与正常对照组比较,OA血流参数差异无显著性意义(P>0.05),而高度近视组的CRA、PCA的收缩期(PSV)、舒张期(EDV)、平均血流速度(AV)均减低,CRA的阻力指数(RI)升高(P<0.05)。轻中度组与对照组比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论:视网膜血管、睫状血管系统血供不足与后巩膜形态变化的类型、眼轴长度、近视的程度及血流动力学改变密切相关,是引起高度近视眼病理性眼底改变发生和发展的重要因素。     

彩色多普勒血流成像在检测子宫动脉栓塞术前后卵巢血流变化中的应用

目的 应用彩色多普勒血流成像技术(CDFI)从血液动力学水平了解子宫动脉栓塞术(UAE)对卵巢血供的影响.资料与方法 32例妇科良性疾病患者子宫动脉栓塞术前及术后1周、术后1个月和术后3个月分别用彩色多普勒血流成像技术测量子宫及卵巢动脉的血流变化参数,包括收缩期血流速度峰值(PSV)、舒张期末血流速度(EDV)及阻力指数(RI).结果 32例患者手术成功率为100％,术后所有患者临床症状均得到改善;栓塞前后卵巢动脉PSV、EDV及RI比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);栓塞前后子宫动脉PSV、EDV及RI比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 子宫动脉栓塞术治疗妇科良性疾病是一种安全、有效的治疗方法,彩色多普勒血流成像技术可作为妇科良性疾病手术前后的检测方法,用来评价子宫动脉栓塞术的临床疗效.     

Colour Doppler ultrasound evaluation of orbital vessels in diabetic retinopathy

The aim of this study was to determine the role of colour Doppler imaging in the retrobulbar vascular circulation in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Maximum (V(max)), end-diastolic (V(min)) and average (V(mean)) velocities of blood flows and pulsatility index and resistivity index (RI) in central retinal artery (CRA), short branches of posterior ciliary artery (PCA) and ophthalmic artery of the 65 diabetic and 22 control eyes were measured. The CRA V(max) level in the control group was significantly higher than in DR groups. The CRA V(mean) level was also significantly higher in the control group than in the mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and the moderate NPDR groups. The CRA RI value was significantly higher in the control group than in the nonretinopathy group. The CRA V(min) and the ophthalmic artery RI values were found significantly higher in the nonretinopathy group than in the moderate NPDR group. There were significant decreases in the some CRA and PCA values as glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels increase in diabetic group. There was a positive correlation between the duration of diabetes and HbA1c levels. This study showed the presence of some dynamic circulatory alterations in the nonretinopathy group with diabetes and DR groups. It was also shown that there is a negative correlation between HbA1c and some orbital vascular velocities.     

Diabetic retinopathy: sonographically measured hemodynamic alterations in ocular, carotid, and vertebral arteries

PURPOSE: To compare local ophthalmic blood flow changes with flow changes in carotid and vertebral arteries in diabetic patients with retinopathy of different grades. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ten patients with proliferative or preproliferative retinopathy, 10 with mild retinopathy, and 10 matched controls were prospectively studied with ultrasound. Color and duplex Doppler imaging was used to quantitate blood flow in the central retinal arteries (CRA), ophthalmic arteries (OA), common carotid (CCA) and vertebral arteries (VA). Peak systolic velocity (PSV), mean velocity (MV), and resistance index (RI) in CRA, OA, CCA and VA, and volume flow (VF) were measured in CCA and VA. RESULTS: There was a non-significant increase in the CRA and OA velocities in mild retinopathies, a decrease of about 30% in MV, and a slightly increased RI in proliferative or preproliferative retinopathies. There was a decrease of about 15% in the carotid MV and a 20% decrease in the vertebral MV and a decrease of about 30% in VF in the CCA and VA in severe retinopathies. The MV ratio of CRA/CCA was lower in the severe retinopathy group than in the controls. CONCLUSION: The study showed a non-significant increase of ocular blood flow velocities in mild diabetic retinopathy and a significant decrease of flow velocities in severe diabetic retinopathy. This decrease in flow primarily seems to reflect the general decrease of blood flow in the cervical arteries.     

Optic neuritis: evaluation with orbital Doppler sonography

PURPOSE: To evaluate orbital blood flow velocities with Doppler sonography in patients with acute unilateral optic neuritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Orbital Doppler sonography was performed in 20 patients with acute unilateral optic neuritis. Optic neuritis was diagnosed by a neurologist on the basis of clinical presentation, presence of decreased visual acuity, and assessment of visual evoked potentials. The peak systolic and end diastolic velocities and the resistive index were measured in the ophthalmic and central retinal arteries of both orbits. The values obtained from affected and unaffected orbits were compared by using the paired t test. RESULTS: The peak systolic and end diastolic velocities in the ophthalmic artery were significantly increased in the affected orbits (for peak systolic velocity P <.001, for end diastolic velocity P <.05). Resistive indexes in the ophthalmic arteries did not differ (P >.05). The difference between the peak systolic and end diastolic velocities and resistive indexes in the central retinal arteries of affected and normal eyes was not statistically significant (P >.05). CONCLUSION: Peak systolic and end diastolic velocities in the ophthalmic artery are increased in patients with acute optic neuritis.     

Doppler and gray-scale ultrasound evaluation of morphological and hemodynamic changes in liver vascualture in alcoholic patients

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to search sonographically for morphological and hemodynamic changes in hepatic and splanchnic vasculature of alcoholic patients having no signs of hepatic damage, and compare these with normal healthy subjects. METHODS: Thirty alcohol-dependent patients and 30 control subjects with no alcohol problem or hepatic impairment were included in the study. All patients were evaluated by gray-scale and spectral Doppler ultrasound. The diameter of the portal vein, portal venous velocity, peak systolic and end diastolic velocities of hepatic and superior mesenteric arteries were assessed. RI, PI and systolic/diastolic velocity ratios were also calculated. RESULTS: Portal vein cross-sectional area was greater in alcoholic patients compared to control group (P = 0.0012). Portal vein velocity, hepatic artery peak systolic and end diastolic velocity, superior mesenteric artery peak systolic and end diastolic velocity were significantly greater in alcoholic patients than in control group (P < or = 0.001). No statistically significant difference was detected between other parameters evaluated. CONCLUSION: In alcohol-dependent patients, some hemodynamic and morphologic changes occur in hepatic and splanchnic circulation, even before the signs of hepatic damage develop. These changes can be detected by means of Doppler and gray-scale sonogrsphy.     

糖尿病患者的经颅多普勒变化

目的:应用经颅多普勒检查糖尿病患者颅内血管状况,以了解糖尿病与血液动力学变化的关系。方法:采用德国EME公司2020型经颅多普勒检查仪。对55例糖尿病患者及60例健康对照组进行了经颅多普勒检查,观察大脑中动脉、大脑前动脉、大脑后动脉,椎、基底动脉的血流速度,搏动指数及血流频谱进行检测。结果:55例糖尿病患者中血流速度异常占81.82%,其中血管痉挛8例,血管硬化30例,血管狭窄7例,正常10例。两组搏动指数值比较,糖尿病组搏动指数值显著高于健康对照组。结论:经颅多普勒超声检查可以较明确反映糖尿病脑血管病变的部位、范围和性质。     

冠状动脉内多普勒超声研究冠状动脉血流速度

目的:评价冠状动脉内多普勒超声测量冠脉血流速度的应用价值。材料和方法:利用冠状动脉内多普勒血流钢丝(FloWire) 测量21 例冠状动脉狭窄患者和12 例正常冠状动脉的血流速度。结果:左前降支冠脉狭窄远端的平均最大血流速度(APV) 、舒张期最大血流速度(DPV) 和舒张期与收缩期流速比值(DSVR) 均显著低于正常组测值。结论:应用冠脉内多普勒超声技术可评价正常和冠脉狭窄病变患者的冠脉血流速度,这为定量研究冠脉血流动力学提供了新方法。