A THERAPEUTIC FEEDING PROGRAMME, I: THEORY AND PRACTICE OF FEEDING

Feeding problems are often commented on in the literature, but very little has been reported on the systematic examination of these problems. In the present study feeding disturbances were treated as part of a full diagnostic and treatment programme for disturbed children in a small residential psychiatric unit. The feeding programme was based on the early work of Clancy and colleagues in Australia, and consisted of offering the child food in a set situation by the same 'feeder'. A one-way screen was used for observation and video-recording. Three children are described in detail, and a striking effect was the immediacy of change in their feeding disturbances. It is stressed that early feeding difficulties of disturbed children can give rise or contribute to ever-widening faulty development.     

SINGLE-CASE RESEARCH DESIGNS FOR THE SCIENCE AND PRACTICE OF NEUROTHERAPY

No abstract available for this article.     

CHALLENGING BEHAVIOUR AND COMMUNITY SERVICES 3: Planning individualised services

This paper describes the process of individual service planning used by the South East Thames RHA's Special Development Team to develop comprehensive, locally based services for people with severe mental handicaps and challenging behaviours. The framework described is used as a basis from which to begin to address the question: What will it take to design and implement a high quality, locally based service programme for this person under these conditions in this particular organisation?     

CROSS-SECTIONAL AND LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF EFFECTS OF TRANSCENDENTAL MEDITATION PRACTICE ON INTERHEMISPHERIC FRONTAL ASYMMETRY AND FRONTAL COHERENCE

Two studies investigated frontal alpha lateral asymmetry and frontal interhemispheric coherence during eyes-closed rest, Transcendental Meditation (TM) practice, and computerized reaction-time tasks. In the first study, frontal coherence and lateralized asymmetry were higher in 13 TM subjects than in 12 controls. In the second study (N = 14), a one-year longitudinal study, lateral asymmetry did not change in any condition. In contrast, frontal coherence increased linearly during computer tasks and eyes-closed rest, and as a step-function during TM practice—rising to a high level after 2-months TM practice. Coherence was more sensitive than lateral asymmetry to effects of TM practice on brain functioning.     

CHALLENGING BEHAVIOUR AND COMMUNITY SERVICES: 1. Introduction and overview

As the policy of community care is translated into reality a number of challenges are beginning to appear on the horizon, including the identification of client groups whose members are proving difficult to serve. People with severe mental handicaps who exhibit severe problem behaviours are one such group (DHSS, 1984; King's Fund, 1987). This paper introduces a series of articles to be published in Mental Handicap that will explore the provision of community based services for this client group. The series will focus on issues arising from the work of the South East Thames Regional Health Authority's Special Development Team.     

THE ROLE OF GENERAL PRACTICE AND THE PRIMARY CARE TEAM IN DEMENTIA DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT

General practitioners (GPs) and the primary care team are uniquely situated to play a central role both in the diagnosis and ongoing care of dementia. Anecdotal reports and empirical work suggest that GPs face several challenges in fulfilling this role. This paper describes the various roles GPs and the primary care team could play in diagnosis and ongoing management. It then discusses the legitimate anxieties and difficulties faced in fulfilling these roles. The paper concludes with suggestions for how GPs and the primary care team might be supported to maximize their role in dementia diagnosis and management.     

人参皂甙对实验性脑缺血脑组织内Ach,ChAT的影响

结扎蒙古沙土鼠左侧颈总动脉造成急性脑缺血后２ｈ，脑组织内Ａｃｈ及ＣｈＡＴ的活性明显降低，非缺血侧Ａｃｈ含量则无明显变化，于缺血前３Ｃｍｉｎ腹腔内注射人参皂甙２００ｍｇ／ｋｇ能明显提高缺血侧Ａｃｈ含量和ＣｈＡＴ活性，非缺血侧Ａｃｈ的含量也被提高。     

EFFECT OF SULFUR DIOXIDE ON ACTIVE AND PASSIVE AVOIDANCE IN EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES MELLITUS: RELATION TO OXIDANT STRESS AND ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES

The effect of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) on hippocampus antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation and learning and memory was investigated in diabetic rats. A total of 40 rats were divided into four equal groups: Control (C), SO₂ + C (SO₂), diabetic (DM) and SO₂ + D (DMSO₂). Experimental diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced by i.v injection of alloxan with a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight. Ten ppm SO₂ was administered to the rats in the sulfur dioxide groups in an exposure chamber. Exposure occurred 1 h/d, 7 d/wk, for 6 wk; control rats were exposed to filtered air during the same time periods. SO₂ exposure, while markedly increasing Cu-Zn Superoxide dismutase activity, significantly decreased glutathione peroxidase activity in diabetic and non-diabetic groups compared with the C group; hippocampus catalase activity was unaltered. Hippocampus thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were found to be elevated in all experimental groups with respect to control group. The active avoidance training results indicated that diabetic condition has been associated with learning and memory impairment. SO₂ exposure caused deficits of learning and memory. Diabetes mellitus–induced impairment of learning and memory were potentiated by SO₂ exposure. These findings suggest that exposure to SO₂ by increasing lipid peroxidation, can change antioxidant enzyme activities and can elevated intensity of deficits of learning and memory in diabetic rats.     

EFFICACY OF AND POSSIBLE DIFFERENCES IN TOLERANCE TO L-DOPA TABLETS WITH DIFFERENT RATES OF RELEASE OF THE ACTIVE SUBSTANCE

The investigations have demonstrated that a tablet with delayed release of the active substance L-dopa does not show any advantages with regard to efficacy and tolerance. The assessment of the efficacy is based on the application of the Webster rating scale, and the clinically appraisable tolerance was recorded by means of a check list.