肺动脉吊带畸形三例临床分析

目的 总结肺动脉吊带畸形合并气管狭窄患儿诊断及治疗经验.方法 3例患儿年龄2～5个月,均通过CT重建检查确诊肺动脉吊带畸形,均合并气管狭窄,在体外循环辅助下矫正肺动脉吊带畸形及气管狭窄纠治,3例患儿均采用Slide气管成形术,术后转入监护室治疗.结果 3例患儿手术后2例顺利撤离呼吸机,其中1例为多处气道狭窄,仍有轻度呼吸困难,第3例因气管吻合口肉芽组织增生撤离呼吸机失败死亡.结论 CT重建检查对肺动脉吊带畸形确诊具有重要意义.体外循环下Slide气管成形术纠治肺动脉吊带畸形安全可行,气管吻合口肉芽组织增生是造成撤离呼吸机困难的重要因素.     

肺动脉吊带畸形三例临床分析

目的 总结肺动脉吊带畸形合并气管狭窄患儿诊断及治疗经验.方法 3例患儿年龄2～5个月,均通过CT重建检查确诊肺动脉吊带畸形,均合并气管狭窄,在体外循环辅助下矫正肺动脉吊带畸形及气管狭窄纠治,3例患儿均采用Slide气管成形术,术后转入监护室治疗.结果 3例患儿手术后2例顺利撤离呼吸机,其中1例为多处气道狭窄,仍有轻度呼吸困难,第3例因气管吻合口肉芽组织增生撤离呼吸机失败死亡.结论 CT重建检查对肺动脉吊带畸形确诊具有重要意义.体外循环下Slide气管成形术纠治肺动脉吊带畸形安全可行,气管吻合口肉芽组织增生是造成撤离呼吸机困难的重要因素.     

二次手术治疗肺动脉吊带矫治术后气管狭窄

目的探讨肺动脉吊带合并气管狭窄的治疗方法。方法分析2017年2月至2022年10月山东大学附属儿童医院收治的26例肺动脉吊带矫治术后因气管狭窄接受二次手术治疗的患儿资料。其中男14例, 女12例;中位年龄为31.3个月;中位体重为13.7 kg;两次手术间隔中位时间为12.5个月。1级狭窄3例, 2级狭窄15例, 3级狭窄8例。合并右位心3例, 合并左肺动脉狭窄或闭锁3例, 合并迷走左锁骨下动脉畸形及Kommerell憩室1例。患儿均采用Slide气管成形术加宽气道。术后定期复查电子支气管镜。非正态分布数据采用Wilcoxon符号秩检验(配对样本)。结果 26例患儿气管狭窄段长度中位数为4 cm, 范围为2.5～6.6 cm。本研究病例无手术死亡, 无住院期间死亡。术后呼吸机辅助中位通气时间为19.1 h。术后并发症包括吻合口漏合并胸骨哆开1例, 声带麻痹3例, 气管软化1例, 乳糜胸1例, 脑损伤2例。术后中位随访时间为7.0个月。活动耐力略差3例, 其余患儿无呼吸道症状。3例行左肺动脉加宽术的患儿术后定期复查心脏彩色多普勒超声检查提示左肺动脉血流通畅。3例声带麻痹患儿术后3个月症状...     

手术治疗肺动脉吊带合并气管狭窄15例的疗效分析

目的探讨先天性肺动脉吊带合并气管狭窄的手术治疗经验及体会。方法 2010年7月至2016年10月,共计手术治疗儿童先天性肺动脉吊带15例,回顾性分析其手术治疗方法及预后。结果患儿手术时平均年龄1岁3个月,均体外循环下行异位左肺动脉移植术,气管据术中狭窄程度做不同处理:未处理6例、滑动成形5例、狭窄段切除端端吻合2例、气管纵行切开及心包补片增宽2例;手术死亡2例,死亡率为13.3%:其中滑动成形死亡1例、气管心包补片增宽死亡1例。结论婴幼儿先天性肺动脉吊带极易合并气管狭窄,气管狭窄手术修复较为困难,部分患儿单纯左肺动脉移植可带来满意疗效,重度长段气管狭窄需行气管滑动成形手术。     

The role of bronchoscopy in slide tracheoplasty in children北大核心CSCD

目的 总结支气管镜在儿童Slide气管成形术中的作用。方法 回顾性分析2017—2020年湖南省人民医院收治的4例气管狭窄患儿的诊疗经过,总结支气管镜在Slide气管成形术术前评估、术中定位与测量及术后创面评估和治疗中的作用。结果 Slide气管成形术术前支气管镜评估显示,4例患儿中3例存在完全气管环,2例合并肺动脉吊带,2例存在多处狭窄。3例在该院完成Slide气管成形术,术中支气管镜下判断狭窄段中点及测量狭窄段长度,协助离断气管狭窄段,术后灌洗明确病原;1例外院Slide气管成形术术后9个月出现瘢痕牵拉,经支气管镜下介入治疗好转。2例术后第4天支气管镜下发现气管黏膜改变,调整治疗方案;2例术后1个月出现肉芽增生,经支气管镜下冷冻治疗好转。1例因吻合口坏死放弃治疗死亡,存活的3例随访6个月以上,预后可,但均存在气管支气管软化。结论 支气管镜可用于气管狭窄患儿Slide气管成形术的管理,有助于术后康复及随访。     

肺动脉移位联合Slide方法矫治肺动脉吊带一例

正肺动脉吊带(pulmonay artry sling,PAS)是一种罕见的婴幼儿期先天性心血管疾病,解剖特征为异常左肺动脉走形于食管气管之间压迫气管造成气管狭窄,半数以上患者气管软骨呈全环"O"型环样改变(complete trachtal rings,CTR)~([1,2])。PAS患者常存在反复呼吸道感染、气道梗阻,预后不佳,故一经确诊,无论有无肺部感染,都需及时行手术治疗~([3-5])。PAS的外科治疗方法主要包括血管再植术和气管成形术~([3])。肺动脉移位(pulmonary artery translocation,PAT)联合Slide方法矫治肺动脉吊带合并气道狭窄目前临床应用较少~([6])。2020年12月,浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院收治了1例肺动脉吊带合并长段气管狭窄患者,在全麻体外循环下行左肺动脉移位以及Slide重建术,现报道如下。     

先天性血管环诊治分析

目的总结先天性血管环的诊断方法和手术经验。方法回顾性分析2007年11月至2008年11月本院手术治疗的7例先天性血管环患儿的临床资料。结果7例中,双主动脉弓2例;肺动脉吊带2例,其中1例伴气管狭窄;主动脉弓镜像分支1例;右位主动脉弓伴左位动脉导管未闭1例;右位主动脉弓伴左位动脉韧带合并室间隔缺损1例。患儿均反复出现呼吸道感染,表现为咳嗽、气喘、喘呜,1例2岁患儿存在吞咽闲难。术前均行64排CT胸部大血管及气管三维重建检查确诊。1例有位主动脉弓伴左位动脉韧带合并室间隔缺损患儿及2例肺动脉吊带患儿在体外循环下手术;其余5例非体外循环下手术。1例肺动脉吊带伴气管狭窄患儿术后脱机困难,放弃治疗而死亡,其余6例术后恢复顺利。随访1～13个月,呼吸道症状和吞咽困难消失,生长发育正常。结论随着CT技术的发展,先天性血管环的诊断越来越简单容易,对于有反复咳嗽、喘鸣、难治性肺部感染以及吞咽困难的患儿应警惕先天性血管环的可能,尽早行胸部多排螺旋CT及三维重建检查明确诊断,及时手术治疗。     

肺动脉吊带的外科诊治

肺动脉吊带(pulmonary artery sling,PAS)是一种先天性心血管疾病,由于压迫气管和食管,常可造成严重的呼吸道梗阻或食道受压症状,一旦确诊即有手术指征.目前国内外对于PAS的外科治疗方案较多,包括单纯左肺动脉重建术、气管狭窄矫治术、气管球囊扩张和支架置入术等.通常依据气管直径和横截面积大小来决定是否同时行气管狭窄矫治术,虽然气管狭窄矫治手术方法较多,但尚无理想方法解除气管狭窄;对合并复杂心内畸形的PAS患儿应同时在体外循环下行心内畸形矫治.     

肺动脉吊带畸形三例临床分析

目的 总结3例肺动脉吊带畸形患儿的临床表现和诊治经验,减少其误诊率.方法 回顾分析3例肺动脉吊带畸形病例诊治的临床资料及实验室检查资料的特点.结果 (1)临床表现:3例患儿的初次发病年龄<3个月,主要临床表现均为反复咳嗽、喘息,均因呼吸困难加剧急诊入院,均有多次门诊及住院治疗史,确诊前均被诊断为重症肺炎、先天性喉喘鸣,例2还诊断为急性喉炎,例3合并先天性心脏病(房间隔缺损).(2)CT检查:3例患儿均表现为左肺动脉起自右肺动脉,绕行于气管后方进入肺门,气管都有明显狭窄.心脏超声及纤维支气管镜对本病的诊断有提示作用.(3)治疗:3例均行手术治疗,2例于术后7～10 d成功脱离呼吸机,控制肺部感染后出院,1例患儿因气管内肉芽组织形成,不能脱离呼吸机而放弃治疗.结论 肺动脉吊带畸形婴幼儿可表现为反复咳喘,因呼吸困难急诊入PICU.肺动脉吊带畸形的诊断主要依靠CT、超声心动图及纤维支气管镜检查.早期诊断、最佳时机手术和围手术期监护是成功治疗的关键.     

肺动脉吊带的诊断与治疗

目的总结肺动脉吊带的诊断和治疗。方法对7例患儿的临床资料、心血管造影、磁共振与单排螺旋CT、彩色多普勒超声心动图和手术资料进行分析。结果患儿早期即有典型的喘息和喘鸣等症状;5例右心室造影、7例心血管磁共振成像和4例单排螺旋CT检查显示,左肺动脉起源于右肺动脉及受压的气道;5例行胸骨切开及在体外循环下作肺动脉吊带矫治术,同时处理合并的气道及心脏畸形。结论对有反复发作喘鸣等呼吸道症状的患儿,要考虑有肺动脉吊带的可能;选择性心血管造影、磁共振成像和螺旋CT为明确肺动脉吊带诊断的最佳方法,可互为补充;对合并有先心病或有症状的肺动脉吊带患儿应早期手术治疗。     

Development of acquired tracheal stenosis in premature infants due to prolonged endotracheal ventilation: etiological considerations and surgical management

The aim of this study was to determine the etiology and appropriate surgical treatment for acquired tracheal stenosis that developed in patients who had undergone prolonged endotracheal mechanical ventilation as premature neonates. During the period 2000–2004, four patients aged 1–16 years were referred for tracheal stenosis characterized by stridor, choking, and recurrent pulmonary infection. All patients had undergone endotracheal mechanical ventilation for 2–5 months for respiratory distress related to prematurity (gestational age 25–29 weeks, birth weight 648–1,222 g). During this period, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was predominantly cultured from the trachea. All patients exhibited a stenotic lesion encompassing 30–37% of the entire tracheal length on spiral CT. On palpation and inspection of the trachea during surgery, however, the stenotic segment appeared to encompass over 50% of the entire trachea. The carina was intact. Three patients underwent slide tracheoplasty with a tracheal resection and the other underwent resection and end-to-end anastomosis. Of the three patients treated by slide tracheoplasty, two are currently free of respiratory symptoms. However, one patient in this group required secondary resection of the remaining stenotic lesion with end-to-end anastomosis. This patient is currently asymptomatic. The remaining patient who underwent a resection and end-to-end anastomosis is doing well. The resected specimen showed fibrosis and degeneration of tracheal cartilage. A combination of prematurity, prolonged endotracheal mechanical ventilation and tracheal infection seem to be responsible for tracheal inflammation and stenosis. When considering surgical procedures for acquired tracheal stenosis, resection and end-to-end anastomosis are desirable. However, slide tracheoplasty with a partial tracheal resection is indicated for the treatment of stenosis involving a long tracheal segment.     

Is Tracheoplasty Necessary for All Patients With Pulmonary Artery Sling and Tracheal Stenosis?

Pulmonary artery sling frequently accompanies various degrees of tracheal stenosis. The authors reviewed their surgical outcomes for pulmonary artery sling from two institutions. From 1997 to September 2011, 16 patients with pulmonary artery sling underwent surgical treatment. Their median age was 4.6 months and their body weight 6.2 kg at the time of the operation. Of the 16 patients, 12 showed preoperative respiratory symptoms such as recurrent airway infection or dyspnea, with three of these patients receiving ventilator therapy preoperatively. Most of the patients showed various degrees of tracheal luminal stenosis and stenotic length, except for three patients who did not show significant airway stenosis. Left pulmonary artery reimplantation was performed for all the patients, but an accompanying tracheoplasty was performed for only two patients (one patch augmentation and one sliding tracheoplasty). After surgery, early extubation and intensive lung care were performed. Two operative mortalities occurred: one due to cardiac tamponade associated with postoperative bleeding and one due to aggravation of preexisting multiorgan failure. Two late mortalities occurred: one due to airway obstruction by repetitive granulation tissue growing at the tracheoplasty site and one due to pneumonia. The 12 living patients, including 11 patients who did not undergo tracheal surgery, showed no clinically significant airway problems at their last follow-up visit. The surgical outcomes for pulmonary artery sling without tracheoplasty were acceptable. The authors think tracheoplasty may be avoided by intensive postoperative airway management for a significant portion of the patients with pulmonary artery sling and tracheal stenosis.     

婴幼儿肺动脉吊带24例临床特征及诊治分析

目的 分析婴幼儿肺动脉吊带（PAS）的临床特征、诊断及治疗。方法 回顾性分析2009年9月至2014年7月在重庆医科大学附属儿童医院诊断为PAS的病例,分析其一般情况、临床特征、影像学检查、诊断、治疗和预后。结果 29例PAS患儿进入分析,男16例,女13例,诊断PAS时年龄2月龄至3.5岁,中位年龄为7月龄。25例有反复喘息症状,26例入院时肺部听诊可闻及哮鸣音。15例为单纯PAS,确诊PAS中位年龄为6月龄;余14例伴有其他心血管病变,确诊PAS的中位年龄为8月龄,与单纯PAS患儿比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。26例患儿行增强CT心血管重建+气道重建明确PAS及合并先天性心脏畸形诊断,余3例心脏超声提示PAS,增强CT仅行气道重建检查;29例CT检查均提示气道狭窄,合并支气管桥7例。25例行心脏彩超检查,其中13例检查时间早于增强CT心血管重建,5例确诊为PAS。13例行纤维支气管镜检查均发现气管狭窄,其中6例存在气管软骨环。16例行手术治疗,其中12例手术成功,4例死亡。单因素分析显示,有机械通气时间>72 h、手术时年龄≤5月龄或体外循环时间>100 min等因素的PAS患儿病死率高（P< 0.05）。结论 对反复喘息发作内科治疗效果不佳的婴幼儿,需警惕PAS的可能,合并心血管畸形并不能帮助早期发现PAS。增强CT心血管重建+气道重建检查可发现PAS及伴随气道畸形,有呼吸道症状者应尽早手术治疗,多数患儿的气道畸形不需手术处理。机械通气时间>72 h、手术时年龄≤5月龄或体外循环时间>100 min与PAS患儿病死率相关。     

Slide方法在小儿先天性气管狭窄的应用

目的 总结Slide方法纠治长段气管狭窄的手术疗效.方法 2001年8月至2010年10月,手术纠治先天性气管狭窄21例.手术年龄28 d至8.6岁,平均(21.9±27.1)个月,体重4.2～22.5 kg,平均(9.65±4.24)kg,除2例分别为纵隔肿瘤和气管外伤所致气管短段狭窄外,其余19例均伴有先天性心脏病.根据气管狭窄长度,分为短段气管狭窄9例,长段气管狭窄12例.所有病例均在低温体外循环下行先天性心脏病纠治术,同时行气管狭窄处理.近期8例均采用Slide方法.结果 21例先天性气管狭窄手术死亡2例.1例早期采用人工材料修补,术后3个月出现肉芽,放弃治疗死亡.1例长段气管狭窄采用Slide方法,术后3周出现气管内肉芽,经多次球囊扩张、激光烧灼均无效,死亡.余19例长期随访2个月至8年,气管狭窄症状消失,CT复查效果满意,无一例再次手术.结论 Slide气管成形术采用自体的气管组织重建气道,吻合口牢固稳定,而且保持了正常的气管内膜,保证术后气管内壁的细胞功能和良好生长.是长段气管狭窄的最佳手术方法.由于本组病例较少,还需要定期随访,观察长期疗效.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate slide tracheoplasty for congenital tracheal stenosis. Methods Between August 2001 and October 2010, twenty-one patients with congenital tracheal stenosis were repaired. The operative age was 28d～8. 6y (mean 21.9 ± 27. 1m) and the weight was 4. 2～22. 5kg (mean 9. 65 ± 4.24 kg) . Except for one case of mediasternal tumour and another one of tracheal trauma, all the restothers had congenital heart disease. There were 9 patients with short tracheal stenosis and 12 patients with long segment tracheal stenosis. The congenital heart disease were repaired underwent low temperature and cardiopulmonary bypass, and the tracheal stenosis were corrected simultaneously. Nine patients with long segment tracheal stenosis were repaired by slide tracheoplasty. Results There was two death in this group. One patient with right and left broncheal stenosis was repaired by synthetic patch. He succumbed 3 months later due todied of granulation tissue on the patch. Another patient with long segment tracheal stenosis was repaired by slide tracheoplasty, who also died from granulation tissue. All other 19 patients were uneventful. These patients were followed up from 2 month to 8 years, there were no complication. CT scan shows that the tracheal anastomosis was patent withand no any stenosis. Conclusions The slide tracheoplasty was used by autologous material,maintaining its contour and function of respiratory epithelium, and keeping its growth. The slide tracheoplasty is best way for correction of long segment tracheal stenosis. Long term follow up is required.     

Tracheal surgery in children.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to show that five distinct types of tracheal anomalies should be differentiated with respect to therapy and prognosis. METHODS: The records of 12 infants and children seen over a period of 20 years for different tracheal anomalies such as laryngotracheal stenosis (n = 3), long or short-segment stenosis of the upper (n = 2), middle (n = 6), and lower (n = 1) trachea were reviewed. In addition to these 12 patients with congenital stenosis, 3 other patients needed tracheal resections because of oncologic or traumatic disease: in 2, the trachea was infiltrated by a papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland and in one, the upper part of the trachea was injured by an oral explosion accident. 25 patients presenting during the same period for other tracheal pathologies including esophagotracheal cleft syndrome (n = 7), tracheomalacia (n = 4), total tracheal agenesis (n = 3), or for placement of a tracheostomy (n = 11) due to other diseases were excluded from this study. RESULTS: There was 1 early death after repair of a laryngotracheal stenosis by cricoid-split and cricoid-splint due to both cerebral hemorrhage and cardiac insufficiency secondary to Fallot's tetralogy. Another child died four weeks after slide tracheoplasty as a result of hypoxic cerebral lesions induced by severe central catheter-related septicemia. One child with therapy-resistant obstructing granulation tissue which developed after a slide tracheoplasty required a tracheostomy. The patient with the tracheal injury died after another accident one year after discharge. All other patients (n = 11) are doing well. CONCLUSIONS: With respect to therapy of congenital and post-intubation tracheal stenosis, four types should be distinguished. Each of these types requires an adequate surgical procedure. The most important postoperative problem in tracheal surgery is the development of granulation tissue. However, the pathogenesis of granulation is still unknown.     

Surgical intervention strategies for congenital tracheal stenosis associated with a tracheal bronchus based on the location of stenosis

Purpose

The aim of this study was to determine the appropriate surgical intervention strategies for congenital tracheal stenosis (CTS) associated with a tracheal bronchus based on the location of stenosis.

Methods

The medical records of 13 pediatric patients with CTS associated with a tracheal bronchus at a single institution between January 2006 and December 2015 were retrospectively reviewed.

Results

Type 1: tracheal stenosis above the right upper lobe bronchus (RULB) (n = 1). One patient underwent slide tracheoplasty and was successfully extubated. Type 2: tracheal stenosis below the RULB (n = 7). Tracheal end-to-end anastomosis was performed before 2014, and one patient failed to extubate. Posterior–anterior slide tracheoplasty was performed since 2014, and all three patients were successfully extubated. Type 3: tracheal stenosis above the RULB to the carina (n = 5). One patient underwent posterior–anterior slide tracheoplasty and was successfully extubated. Two patients with left–right slide tracheoplasty and another two patients with tracheal end-to-end anastomosis for the stenosis below the RULB could not be extubated.

Conclusion

Tracheal end-to-end anastomosis or slide tracheoplasty can be selected for tracheal stenosis above the RULB according to the length of stenosis. Posterior–anterior slide tracheoplasty appears feasible for tracheal stenosis below the RULB or above the RULB to the carina.

     

先天性心脏病围手术期气管狭窄的综合治疗

目的 通过分析先天性心脏病围手术期气管狭窄患儿的治疗及转归,探讨不同原因导致气管狭窄的治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析2012年1月至2015年10月收治的60例气管狭窄合并先天性心脏病患儿的临床资料.其中,男42例,女18例;年龄1～144个月,平均4个月;体重(6.65±3.40) kg.先天性心脏病合并先天性气管狭窄39例,继发性气管狭窄21例.结果 先天性气管狭窄合并先天性心脏病39例,实施先天性心脏病矫治+气管狭窄旷置28例,先天性心脏病矫治+气管成形术5例,先天性心脏病矫治+气管支架置入1例;术后远期死亡共计4例,放弃手术治疗死亡4例,放弃治疗门诊随诊1例.继发性气管狭窄21例,实施心脏畸形矫治后气管软化狭窄减轻,不需手术治疗.结论 先天性心脏病合并先天性气管狭窄的主要致病原因在于其完全性软骨环导致气管内径增速缓慢,气道梗阻严重,即使实施心脏手术也不能完全改善其气管狭窄症状,必要时需同时实施气道成形术.继发性气管狭窄的主要致病原因在于气管临近大血管的压迫,缓解血管环畸形后气管狭窄即刻缓解,疗效满意,无需实施气管成形术.     

Perioperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support for critical pediatric airway surgery

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been used for cardiopulmonary support in neonates, infants, and adults. We report the application of ECMO for critical airway surgery when mechanical ventilation cannot provide adequate gas exchange. Three pediatric patients underwent emergency ECMO establishment because of hypercapnia that could not be managed by conventional mechanical ventilation. The pathology included: (1) left pulmonary artery sling with long-segment tracheal stenosis; (2) absence of the right intermediate bronchus and abnormal origin of the right lower bronchus arising from the left main bronchus; (3) right-lung agenesis with long-segment tracheobronchial stenosis. Venoarterial ECMO was established. Before ECMO, the arterial pH values were 7.28, 7.0, and 7.08, and the PaCO₂ values were 111.8, 112.0, and 208.7 mmHg for each patient, respectively. After ECMO support, respiratory acidosis was reversed. The patients then underwent surgical intervention. The surgical procedures included: (1) slide tracheoplasty and reimplantation of the left pulmonary artery; (2) resection of the stenotic tracheal segment and reconstruction of the bronchial tree; (3) tracheal dilatation and stent implantation. The ECMO durations were 11, 5, and 16 h, respectively. All patients were successfully weaned off ECMO without complications. In conclusion, ECMO provided adequate ventilation support for patients undergoing critical tracheobronchial reconstruction when conventional mechanical ventilation could not maintain adequate gas exchange.     

先天性心脏病伴气管狭窄或受压的诊治探讨

目的 探讨先天性心脏病伴气管狭窄或受压的诊断和治疗措施,以提高对气管狭窄的认识.方法 收集本院先心病伴气管狭窄或受压患儿41例,平均年龄14.6个月,体重7.8 kg.主要病种:室间隔缺损/肺动脉高压;法乐四联症肺动脉闭锁、肺动脉瓣缺如;主动脉缩窄伴室间隔缺损;右室双出口;肺动脉吊带等.9例患儿伴双主动脉弓、迷走锁骨下动脉.经胸部CT、气管造影和纤维支气管镜确诊:气管弥漫性狭窄9例,局限性狭窄16例,支气管狭窄7例,多发性狭窄伴支气管桥4例,气管软化5例.38例行体外循环心脏修补术,6例同时行气管狭窄纠治术(端端吻合术3例;自身气管片移植扩大2例;补片扩大1例).5例行气管切开术,用套管支撑狭窄段.结果 住院、近期死亡8例(19.50%).随访22例,平均(2.9±2.4)年.气管端端吻合及自身气管补片扩大者,气管通畅;补片修复者,肉芽组织增生再狭窄.带套管支撑者存活4例,分别于术后3个月、1年、2年、8年拔除气管套管.狭窄未处理者,狭窄段内径与气管整体生长成比例狭窄.结论 先天性心脏病伴气管狭窄诊断需及时,重度气管狭窄与心脏手术Ⅰ期矫治,以滑片吻合术,自身气管片移植术为好.轻、中度狭窄则等待其成长是最好策略.