脐血降钙素原、白细胞介素-6和C反应蛋白对新生儿宫内细菌感染的诊断价值

目的 探讨降钙素原（PCT）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）及C反应蛋白（CRP）对新生儿宫内细菌感染的诊断价值.方法 选取2010-2011年在我院产科分娩、有宫内感染高危因素的新生儿,根据感染结局分为感染组及无感染组,检测两组新生儿脐血PCT、IL-6及CRP,比较两组新生儿脐血炎症指标的阳性率及各指标对宫内感染诊断的敏感度和特异度.结果 共有195例新生儿纳入研究,其中感染组24例,无感染组171例.感染组脐血PCT与IL-6的阳性率均明显高于CRP,诊断细菌感染的敏感度及特异度分别为：PCT敏感度70.8％,特异度94.2％;IL-6敏感度79.2％,特异度89.5％;CRP敏感度33.3％,特异度96.5％.PCT与IL-6结合诊断感染的敏感度为95.8％.结论 脐血PCT可作为宫内细菌感染早期诊断的有效指标,而PCT与IL-6结合可进一步提高诊断的敏感度,指导临床抗生素使用.     

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目的探讨降钙素原(PCT)在新生儿重症感染时的诊断价值。方法将自2002年3～12月于天津市儿童医院新生儿科住院的229例新生儿分别归入无感染对照组(116例),全身感染组(39例),局部感染组(51例)和病毒感染组(23例)。检测入院时血清PCT和C反应蛋白(CRP),白细胞计数及分类。用SPSS10.0ForWindows进行数据分析。结果在全身感染时,血清PCT和CRP质量浓度升高均有显著性,但PCT显著性更高(P<0.001)。PCT≥2μg/L作为全身感染的诊断依据,其敏感度(0.804)和特异度(0.824)均优于CRP。结论与CRP和白细胞计数相比,PCT是一个较好的新生儿全身细菌感染的诊断指标。     

降钙素原及C-反应蛋白联合检测在新生儿院内感染早期诊断中的意义

目的：新生儿败血症的早期缺乏特异的临床表现,极易误诊和漏诊,本文通过对新生儿血清降钙素原(procaicltonin,PCT)和C-反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)水平进行动态监测,阐明联合应用PCT及CRP检测在新生儿院内感染早期诊断中的临床价值。方法采用回顾性分析方法,选取2013年6月至2014年8月中国医科大学附属盛京医院第一新生儿科收治的患儿111例,其中确诊败血症组37例,临床败血症组42例,对照组32例(同期住院的非感染患儿)。败血症组在感染发生时(抗生素治疗前),感染发生(抗生素治疗后)12h、24h,感染控制后3d、7d,对照组在入院后应用抗生素前分别采集血清,采用酶联荧光分析法定量测定PCT、免疫比浊法测定CRP水平。结果与对照组比较, PCT、CRP含量在确诊败血症组和临床败血症组于抗生素治疗前均明显增高(P﹤0.01)。在确诊败血症组和临床败血症组,PCT 于感染发生后12h 达峰值[分别为(15.00±15.51)ng/ml 和(17.93±13.44)ng/ml],感染控制后3d降至正常[分别为(0.49±0.47)ng/ml和(0.42±0.34)ng/ml],CRP于感染发生24h后达峰值[分别为(37.53±30.29)mg/L和(32.41±29.33)mg/L],7d后降至正常[分别为(5.72±2.98)mg/L和(5.06±3.07)mg/L]。当PCT﹥2ng/ml、CRP﹥10mg/L时准确性最好(约登指数分别为76.11%,59.45%),其敏感性分别为88.61%,75.70%;特异性分别为87.5%,83.75%;阳性预测值分别为94.59%,95.65%;阴性预测值分别为75.68%,46.15%。联合检测PCT与CRP时,各诊断效率指标均明显改善。二者受试者工作特征曲线下面积分别为0.964,0.887。结论在感染早期时,CRP和PCT均升高,当CRP﹥10mg/L,PCT﹥2ng/ml时诊断准确性好。但前者在感染后24h达峰值,7d降至正常,而后者在感染后12h达峰值,感染控制后3d恢复正常,联合检测PCT及CRP可提高检测的敏感度、特异度,准确性最佳。     

降钙素原在新生儿感染中的应用价值

目的为进一步提高新生儿重症感染的早期诊断率 ,探讨一种快速可靠的方法。方法对以新生儿感染为诊断收入我院新生儿科 (包括NICU)的71例新生儿进行降钙素原 (PCT)的测定 ,并与C反应蛋白 (CRP)进行比较 ,将患儿分为重症感染、一般感染和非感染3组进行分析。结果重症感染组PCT阳性率89.29 % ,一般感染组PCT阳性率54.55 % ,非感染组PCT阳性率9.52 % ,重症感染组PCT阳性率明显高于其他两组 ,3组间PCT值差异有极显著性 (P<0.001)。以0.5ng/ml为临界值,PCT诊断重症感染的敏感度为89.29 %,特异度为67.44 %;以2ng/ml为临界值,诊断重症感染的敏感度为71.43,特异度为90.70 %。与CRP相比 ,PCT诊断感染特别是重症感染的敏感性、特异性更高。结论细菌感染时血清PCT水平会升高 ,特别是全身性重症细菌感染时其升高尤为明显 ,可作为新生儿感染的早期检测指标 ,与CRP相比 ,PCT较其优越性更明显 ,特别对新生儿重症感染如败血症等诊断更有价值。     

脐血和0~24h外周血炎性标志物在新生儿早发败血症中的诊断价值

目的 了解脐血和0~24h外周血标志物中性粒细胞CD64(nCD64)、降钙素原(PCT)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)对新生儿早发败血症的诊断价值.方法 分析宫内感染和疑似宫内感染的新生儿100例及无宫内感染证据的新生儿100例,其中44例确诊为新生儿早发败血症,设为感染组,无任何感染的正常新生儿106例,设为对照组,分析比较两组炎症指标.结果 感染组脐血nCD64(2.58±1.02)明显高于对照组(1.23±0.68)(P=0.000),0~24h外周血nCD64感染组(2.67±2.13)明显高于对照组(1.36±0.29)(P=0.000),感染组脐血PCT(2.96±4.89)μg/L,明显高于对照组(1.39±1.57)μg/L(P=0.003),0~24h外周血PCT感染组(25.25±48.68)μg/L,明显高于对照组(3.15±4.16)μg/L(P=0.001),0~24h外周血CRP感染组(12.52±34.02)mg/L,明显高于对照组(3.12±5.36)mg/L(P=0.006).脐血CRP两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),脐血中nCD64和PCT敏感度分别为81.5%、75.12%,nCD64敏感度高于PCT,特异度分别为83.47%、86.42%,PCT稍高于nCD64;0~24h外周血中nCD64、PCT和CRP敏感度分别为83.25%、87.38%和48.65%,PCT敏感度最高,CRP最低,特异度分别为85.36%、93.63%和92.45%,PCT特异度最高,nCD64稍差.结论 脐血nCD64、PCT和0-24h外周血nCD64、PCT、CRP均可作为诊断新生儿早期败血症的指标,其中脐血nCD64敏感性更好,0~24h外周血中PCT敏感性、特异性均好,CRP敏感性最差.     

可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1、降钙素原在新生儿败血症诊断中的价值

目的　了解可溶性细胞间黏附分子 1(sICAM 1)、降钙素原 (PCT)在新生儿败血症诊断中的价值。方法　通过检测 5 0例败血症的新生儿及 35例健康新生儿血sICAM 1、PCT、CRP浓度及WBC计数 ,比较各炎症指标对诊断败血症的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确性、约登指数 ,评价它们对诊断该病的价值。结果　 (1)以sICAM 1≥ 30 0ng/ml、CRP≥ 8mg/l、PCT≥ 2ng/ml为阳性标准 ,三指标对诊断败血症的灵敏度分别为 85 %、87 5 %、86 % ,P >0 0 5 ,差异无显著意义 ,但均高于WBC计数 (仅 30 % ,P <0 0 5 ) ,其中PCT的特异度 94 3%、阳性预测值 95 6 %、阴性预测值82 5 %、准确性 89 4 %、约登指数 80 3% ;(2 )sICAM 1浓度在治疗前后差异无显著意义 ,P >0 0 5 ;CRP浓度在两组差异有显著意义 ,P <0 0 5 ;PCT在恢复期全部转阴 ;(3)sICAM 1与CRP呈正相关 ,r =0 339,P <0 0 1;PCT与sICAM 1、CRP浓度的等级相关系数分别为 0 5 6 9、0 4 82 (P <0 0 1)。结论　sICAM 1≥ 30 0ng/ml对于诊断新生儿败血症是一个具有较高灵敏度 (85 % )、中度特异度 (5 4 3% )的指标 ;所有检测指标中PCT特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确性、约登指数最高     

三种感染标记物在新生儿早发感染诊断中的比较

目的使用前瞻性方法,评估中性白细胞表面抗原CD64、单核细胞表面抗原人类白细胞相关抗原DR(HLA-DR)和C反应蛋白(CRP)对诊断新生儿早发型细菌感染的作用。方法生后72h内临床怀疑细菌感染的足月新生儿288例,非感染新生儿10例为对照组,在0及24h取血,用流式细胞仪定量测定CD64和HLA-DR表达量,用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定CRP水平。行一系列细菌感染筛查,收集人口学数据和相关临床资料。比较CD64、HLA-DR及CRP诊断新生儿早发感染的灵敏度、特异性、阳性和阴性预告值。结果确定感染组93例,非感染组195例。感染组CD64表达量在0、24h均显著高于非感染和对照组(Pa<0.0005)。其最佳截断值为6136个荧光抗体分子/细胞,在24h具有非常高的灵敏度(94%)和阴性预告值(96%)。感染、非感染和对照组HLA-DR表达量无显著性差异,无法得到最佳截断值。CRP特异性与CD64相似,但灵敏度较低,ROC曲线下面积也小于CD64。结论中性白细胞表面抗原CD64是诊断足月新生儿早发型感染的灵敏指标,单核细胞表面抗原HLA-DR不能区分感染和非感染患儿。     

降钙素原在幼年特发性关节炎诊断中的临床意义

目的检测幼年特发性关节炎(JIA)血清降钙素原(PCT)改变,探讨PCT在JIA诊断中的临床意义。方法检测2011年1月至2012年12月湖北省武汉市妇女儿童医疗保健中心风湿免疫科150例JIA患儿血清PCT和C反应蛋白(CRP)值,比较PCT和CRP对诊断JIA细菌感染的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值。同时,检测PCT在JIA各种临床类型的表达情况。结果 JIA细菌感染组血清PCT与CRP值,均明显高于JIA病毒感染组、JIA活动不伴感染组及对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。以PCT≥0.5μg/L及CRP≥8 mg/L为诊断细菌感染的阳性阈值,两指标敏感度分别为76.2%、85.7%,特异度分别为87.6%、51.9%,阳性预测值分别为50.0%、21.2%,阴性预测值分别为95.8%、95.4%,阳性似然比6.14、1.65,阴性似然比0.27、0.30。ROC曲线下面积:PCT为0.928,优于CRP(0.714),差异有统计学意义(u=2.19,P0.05)。98.99%(98/99)JIA活动不伴感染组PCT值0.5μg/L,中位数为0.2μg/L。66.7%(66/99)JIA活动不伴感染组PCT值0.1μg/L。结论血清PCT值对JIA并发细菌感染具有重要鉴别意义,其预测感染价值优于CRP。推荐PCT值0.5μg/L作为诊断JIA合并感染临界值。     

降钙素原对新生儿脓毒症诊断价值的Meta分析

目的 探讨降钙素原（PCT）对新生儿脓毒症的诊断价值。方法 检索Cochrane 图书馆、PubMed、Ovid、Springer数据库、中国期刊全文数据库、万方数据库和中国生物医学文献数据库（1990年1月至2009年10月）中的文献,按照诊断试验的纳入标准筛选文献,提取纳入研究的特征信息（研究背景、设计信息和诊断参数信息）。数据分析采用Meta-DiSc 1.4和SPSS 12.0软件,检验异质性,并根据异质性结果选择相应的效应模型。对所有研究予以加权定量合并,计算敏感度、特异度及其95%CI。绘制汇总受试者工作特征（SROC）曲线,并计算曲线下面积（AUC）,最后进行敏感度分析和不同组间敏感度比较。结果 共检索出相关英文文献446篇,中文文献98篇,其他语种文献21篇。阅读标题和摘要,按照纳入标准,最终获取文献33篇（英文文献18篇,中文文献11篇,其他语种文献4篇）,入选新生儿3 599例。3篇文献新生儿出生时检测脐血PCT水平临床诊断早发型脓毒症,汇总敏感度、特异度和SROC AUC分别为77.7%、82.8%和0.833 7;8篇文献新生儿出生后至12 h检测血清PCT水平临床诊断早发型脓毒症,汇总敏感度、特异度和SROC AUC分别为76.7%、87.1%和0.896 5;4篇文献新生儿出生后12~24 h检测血清PCT水平临床诊断早发型脓毒症,汇总敏感度、特异度和 SROC AUC分别为76.6%、88.5%和0.884 4;6篇文献新生儿出生后24~48 h检测血清PCT水平临床诊断早发型脓毒症,汇总敏感度、特异度和SROC AUC分别为69.8%、88.2%和0.894 7;15篇文献新生儿出生后≥72 h检测血清PCT水平临床诊断晚发型脓毒症,汇总敏感度、特异度和SROC AUC分别为79.0%、92.3%和0.963 2;15篇文献新生儿出生后≥72 h检测血清PCT水平确诊晚发型脓毒症,汇总敏感度、特异度和SROC AUC分别为84.5%、80.9%和0.934 5。PCT检测敏感度分析表明,国家、研究人群、疾病严重程度和PCT检测阈值的不同是产生异质性的原因。结论 PCT对新生儿脓毒症诊断效能较高,临床可多应用该诊断指标,有助于脓毒症的早期诊断,同时临床上需要注意联合PCT和其他诊断指标,进一步提高新生儿脓毒症诊断的敏感度和特异度。     

新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征对降钙素原在早产儿早发感染中诊断价值的影响

目的 研究新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(neonatal respiratory distress syndrome,NRDS)对早产儿生后早期血清降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)表达水平及诊断价值的影响.方法 对大连医科大学附属大连市妇幼保健院新生儿科收治的199例早产儿进行回顾性研究,根据临床表现和实验室结果分为早发感染组和无早发感染组,其中无早发感染组再分为无感染NRDS组和无感染无NRDS组,比较生后12~24h外周血PCT浓度,并绘制受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC曲线)评价PCT作为感染标志物的诊断价值.结果 早发感染组早产儿血清PCT浓度[10.99(5.93,19.79)μg/L]高于无感染组中NRDS组[7.16(3.46,17.36)μg/L]和无NRDS组[0.98(0.37,2.21)μg/L],差别有统计学意义(P<0.05).无感染NRDS组早产儿血清PCT浓度高于无感染无NRDS组,差别有统计学意义(P<0.05).依据早发感染组和无早发感染组血清PCT浓度绘制的ROC曲线下面积为0.800(95%可信区间为0.737~0.864);依据早发感染组和无感染NRDS组血清PCT浓度绘制的ROC曲线下面积为0.607(95%可信区间为0.504~0.710);依据早发感染组和无感染无NRDS组血清PCT浓度绘制的ROC曲线下面积为0.927(95%可信区间为0.883~0.971).结论 NRDS使早产儿生后12~24h血清PCT浓度显著升高并降低了PCT预测感染的诊断价值.在无NRDS的早产儿中PCT仍然具有较高的诊断价值.     

Procalcitonin versus CRP as an early indicator of fetal infection in preterm premature rupture of membranes

The aim of this study was to examine the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) in neonates who were born after preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) and compare these with interleukin-6 (IL-6). The study involved 74 preterm neonates who were born after PPROM. IL-6, CRP, complete blood count and leukocyte ratios, and PCT levels were measured in the 1st day of life, and CRP, PCT, and blood counts were repeated on the 3rd day of life. Seventy-four infants with PPROM were divided into two groups according to the development of sepsis and infection (Group 1: sepsis, n = 32; Group 2: no sepsis, n = 42). There were no significant differences between these groups with respect to gestational age, birthweight and duration of membrane rupture. There were significant differences between the two groups in the 1st day CRP (Group 1: 0.85 -/+ 1.36 mg/dl, Group 2: 0.23 +/- 0.25 mg/dl; p = 0.016), 1st day PCT (Group 1: 7.2 +/- 7.6 ng/ml, Group 2, 1.6 +/- 4.0 ng/ml; p < 0.001), and 3rd day PCT (Group 1: 9.01 +/-11.5 ng/ml, Group 2: 1.34 +/- 1.35 ng/ml; p = 0.001) and IL-6 (Group 1: 80.7 +/- 67.2 pg/ml, Group 2: 3.4 +/- 3.5 ng/ml; p < 0.001) levels. CRP levels were not significantly different between Group 1 (1.2 +/- 1.7 mg/dl) and Group 2 (0.58 +/- 1.1 mg/dl) on the 3rd day of life (p=0.059). CRP levels on the 1st day of life had a cut-off value of 0.72 mg/dl with a sensitivity and specificity of 56% and 58%, respectively. CRP levels on the 3rd day had a cut-off level of 0.78 mg/dl with 60% sensitivity and 63% specificity. PCT levels had a cut-off level of 1.74 ng/ml with 76% sensitivity and 85% specificity on the 1st day of life, and of 1.8 with 89% sensitivity and 86% specificity on the 3rd day of life. Statistical analysis revealed that the cut-off value of 7.6 pg/ml for IL-6 had a 93% sensitivity and 96.7% specificity. Interleukin (IL)-6 is the most reliable marker for the detection of early-onset sepsis in preterm neonates with PPROM. Early PCT levels seemed to be more sensitive than early CRP in this population.     

Procalcitonin in pediatric emergency departments for the early diagnosis of invasive bacterial infections in febrile infants: results of a multicenter study and utility of a rapid qualitative test for this marker

BACKGROUND: Procalcitonin (PCT) is a potentially useful marker in pediatric Emergency Departments (ED). The basic objectives of this study were to assess the diagnostic performance of PCT for distinguishing between viral and bacterial infections and for the early detection of invasive bacterial infections in febrile children between 1 and 36 months old comparing it with C-reactive protein (CRP) and to evaluate the utility of a qualitative rapid test for PCT in ED. METHODS: Prospective, observational and multicenter study that included 445 children who were treated for fever in pediatric ED. Quantitative and qualitative plasma values of PCT and CRP were correlated with the final diagnosis. To obtain the qualitative level of PCT the BRAHMS PCT-Q rapid test was used. RESULTS: Mean PCT and CRP values in viral infections were 0.26 ng/ml and 15.5 mg/l, respectively. The area under the curve obtained for PCT in distinguishing between viral and bacterial infections was 0.82 (sensitivity, 65.5%; specificity, 94.3%; optimum cutoff, 0.53 ng/ml), whereas for CRP it was 0.78 (sensitivity, 63.5%; specificity, 84.2%; optimum cutoff, 27.5 mg/l). PCT and CRP values in invasive infections (PCT, 24.3 ng/ml; CRP 96.5 mg/l) were significantly higher than those for noninvasive infections (PCT, 0.32 ng/ml; CRP, 23.4 mg/l). The area under the curve for PCT was 0.95 (sensitivity, 91.3%; specificity, 93.5%; optimum cutoff, 0.59 ng/ml), significantly higher (P < 0.001) than that obtained for CRP (0.81). The optimum cutoff value for CRP was >27.5 mg/l with sensitivity and specificity of 78 and 75%, respectively. In infants in whom the evolution of fever was <12 h (n = 104), the diagnostic performance of PCT was also greater than that of CRP (area under the curve, 0.93 for PCT and 0.69 for CRP; P < 0.001). A good correlation between the quantitative values for PCT and the PCT-Q test was obtained in 87% of cases (kappa index, 0.8). The sensitivity of the PCT-Q test (cutoff >0.5 ng/ml) for detecting invasive infections and differentiating them from noninvasive infections was 90.6%, with a specificity of 83.6%. CONCLUSIONS: PCT offers better specificity than CRP for differentiating between the viral and bacterial etiology of the fever with similar sensitivity. PCT offers better sensibility and specificity than CRP to differentiate between invasive and noninvasive infection. PCT is confirmed as an excellent marker in detecting invasive infections in ED and can even make early detection possible of invasive infections if the evolution of the fever is <12 h. The PCT-Q test has a good correlation with the quantitative values of the marker.     

降钙素原在新生儿早发型败血症中的诊断价值

目的 探讨生后3 d内降钙素原（PCT）在新生儿早发型败血症（EOS）中的诊断价值,拟定不同胎龄段新生儿生后不同时龄段PCT诊断EOS的阈值。方法 纳入确诊败血症109例、临床诊断败血症215例、非败血症367例新生儿为研究对象,通过ROC曲线分析不同胎龄段、时龄段新生儿PCT水平诊断EOS的最佳阈值,比较PCT与血培养的诊断价值。结果 确诊组中胎龄<34周患儿PCT水平明显高于胎龄≥ 34周患儿（P < 0.05）。胎龄≥ 34周患儿在不同时龄段<12 h、12~<24 h、24~<36 h、36~<48 h、48~<60 h、60~72 h,PCT诊断EOS的最佳阈值分别为1.588、4.960、5.583、1.710、3.570、3.574 ng/mL,灵敏度分别为0.688、0.737、0.727、0.732、0.488、0.333,特异度分别为0.851、0.883、0.865、0.755、0.930、0.900。生后36 h内PCT的曲线下面积较血培养大（P < 0.05）。结论 晚期早产儿（胎龄≥ 34周）及足月儿在PCT诊断EOS时可采用共同的标准,但早期早产儿（胎龄<34周）需单独考虑。PCT诊断不同时龄段EOS患儿有不同的最佳诊断阈值,生后36 h内PCT在EOS中的诊断价值比血培养高。     

血清降钙素原在新生儿呼吸机相关性肺炎诊治中的意义

目的 探讨血清降钙素原（procalcitonin,PCT）在新生儿呼吸机相关性肺炎（ventilator associated pneumonia,VAP）诊治中的价值.方法 按照7d内是否发生VAP,将2012年1月至2013年12月入住我院NICU需有创机械通气的60例患儿分为VAP组（30例）和非VAP组（30例）,VAP组患儿再按照随机数字表法随机分为PCT组（15例）和对照组（15例）.两组患儿于机械通气前及机械通气后测定血清PCT、C反应蛋白（C-reactive protein,CRP）及WBC计数,比较各炎症指标对VAP诊断的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值.结果 VAP组患儿机械通气前后血清PCT水平比较差异有统计学意义（t=1.58,P=O.000）,分别为（0.37±0.25） μg/L和（2.17±1.46） μg/L;非VAP组机械通气前后PCT水平无明显变化（t=3.67,P=0.055）.两组患儿机械通气前后血清CRP与WBC计数差异均无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）.以PCT≥0.40 μg/L、CRP≥28 mg/L、WBC≥10×109/L为阳性阈值,三指标对诊断VAP的敏感性分别为93.3％、73.3％、66.7％,其中PCT的特异性为73.3％,阳性预测值为77.8％,阴性预测值为91.7％.PCT组和对照组抗生素使用时间分别为（12.6±5.6）d和（15.1±9.1）d,两者差异有统计学意义（P=0.018）.结论 血清PCT在VAP诊断中有较高的敏感性和特异性,PCT联合临床肺部感染评分可以提高VAP诊断的准确性,及时监测血清PCT有助于VAP的早期诊断,以血清PCT指导抗生素治疗可缩短抗生素疗程.     

早产儿早期血清降钙素原与绒毛膜羊膜炎程度相关性分析

目的 探讨早产儿早期血清降钙素原（procalcitonin,PCT）与胎盘组织学绒毛膜羊膜炎（histological chorioamnionitis,HCA）程度的相关性。方法 回顾性选取2016年1月至2018年1月在银川市妇幼保健院产科出生并于生后2h内转入新生儿科的早产儿197例,根据胎盘病理检查结果分为HCA阳性组与阴性组,并根据绒毛膜羊膜炎分度标准分为轻度、中度及重度组,比较各组间的临床资料及实验室检查结果,探讨早产儿早期血清PCT水平与HCA程度的相关性,并判断其在预测早期感染的临床价值。结果 HCA病理改变组的胎龄、出生体重较正常组低,PCT及总胆红素（total bilirubin,TB）较正常组高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;两组间性别、民族、全血白细胞（white blood cell,WBC）、中性粒细胞绝对值（neutrophil,NEUT）及C反应蛋白（C-reactive protein,CRP）差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。不同程度HCA组在胎龄、WBC、CRP、PCT水平之间均有统计学具有统计学意义（P均<0.05）,其...     

Usefulness of procalcitonin for the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis in children]

BACKGROUND: Acute pyelonephritis can induce parenchymal scarring. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of procalcitonin (PCT) to predict renal involvement in febrile children with urinary tract infection (UTI). METHODS: In a prospective study serum PCT was measured and compared with others commonly used inflammatory markers in children admitted to the emergency unit with acute pyelonephritis. Renal parenchymal involvement was assessed by a (99 m)Tc-labeled dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) renal scar performed in the first 3 days after the admission. RESULTS: Among 42 enrolled patients, 19 (45%) had acute renal involvement (Group A) ; 23 (55%) (Group B) had normal DMSA scan (n = 16), or old scarring (n = 4) or various anomalies related to uropathy (n = 3). In group A, the mean PCT level was significantly higher than in the group B (5.4 ng/ml, vs 0.4 ng /ml, p < 10(-5)). In these 2 groups, mean C reactive protein (CRP) levels were 99.1 mg/l and 44.6 mg/l respectively (p < 0.001). For a level of serum PCT > or = 0.5 ng/ml, the sensitivity and specificity to predict the renal involvement were 100% and 87% respectively; for a level> or= 20 mg/l CRP had a sensitivity of 94% but a specificity of 30%. CONCLUSION: Serum PCT levels were significantly increased in febrile children with UTI when acute renal parenchymal involvement was present. PCT seems a better marker than CRP for the prediction of patients at risk of renal lesions.     

降钙素原对儿童急性肾盂肾炎的诊断价值

目的：探讨降钙素原（PCT）对儿童急性肾盂肾炎（APN）的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析2011年9月至2012年2月诊断为初发的尿路感染（UTI）且年龄<3岁患儿的病例资料,以核素肾静态扫描（99mTc-DMSA）结果作为诊断APN的金标准,比较上尿路感染（APN）及下尿路感染（非APN）患儿血清PCT、CRP的水平,并绘制二者诊断APN的受试者工作特征曲线（ROC曲线）,判断其诊断性能。结果：共65例UTI患儿纳入研究,其中APN 39例,下尿路感染者26例,前者的血清PCT、CRP水平显著高于后者（分别 3.08 ng/mL vs 0.37 ng/mL;6.25 mg/L vs 3.01 mg/L;均P<0.01）。血清PCT诊断APN的敏感性为84.6%,特异性为88.5%,曲线下面积为0.873（95%可信区间为0.781~0.965）,最佳阈值为1.03 ng/mL;血清CRP诊断APN的敏感性为71.8%,特异性为69.2%,曲线下面积为0.735（95%可信区间为0.612~0.858）,最佳阈值为3.91 mg/L。结论：PCT对儿童APN的诊断具有较高的敏感性及特异性,有助于临床对APN的早期识别。     

Non‐specific host response markers in the differentiation between pneumococcal and viral pneumonia: What is the most accurate combination?

BACKGROUND: Serum C-reactive protein (CRP), blood white cell count (WBC), serum procalcitonin (PCT) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were measured in 132 children hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia. Serological evidence for viral infection was found in 38 cases and for pneumococcal infection in 41 cases, and the infiltrate was alveolar in 46 cases and interstitial in 86 cases. The aim of the present paper was to determine if there is a combination of these four host response markers and chest radiograph findings suitable for differentiating pneumococcal from viral etiology of pneumonia. METHODS: The 50th, 75th and 90th percentiles of CRP, WBC, ESR and PCT in the total group of 132 patients were calculated. By using these cut-off limits, the likelihood ratios of a positive test result were calculated for the possible combinations of CRP, WBC, ESR and PCT, and the likelihood ratio was 1.50 or more for six combinations. RESULTS: The highest likelihood ratio (1.74) was achieved with the combination CRP > 90th (80 mg/L) or WBC > 75th (17.0 x 10(9)/L) or PCT > 75th (0.84 microg/L) or ESR > 90th (63 mm/h) percentile. For this combination, the sensitivity was 61% and the specificity 65%. When the 90th percentile cut-off limit was applied also for WBC (>22 x 10(9)/L) and PCT (>1.8 microg/L), the specificity increased to 76%, but the sensitivity decreased to 37%. When the presence of an alveolar infiltration was included in the combination, the likelihood ratio was 1.89; the specificity was as high as 82% and the sensitivity as low as 34%. CONCLUSIONS: CRP, PCT, WBC and ESR have only limited value in differentiating pneumococcal or other bacterial pneumonia from viral pneumonia. If there was a high value in at least one of the markers (CRP > 80 mg/L, PCT > 1.8 microg/L, WBC > 22 x 10(9)/L or ESR > 60 mm/h), viral infections were rare. There was no combination of these markers which was sufficiently sensitive and specific to be used in clinical pediatric practice.