新生儿危重病例评分与临床危险指数评分预测极低出生体重儿死亡风险的比较

目的探讨新生儿危重病例评分(NCIS)与新生儿临床危险指数(CRIB)评分对极低出生体重儿死亡风险评估的价值。方法对93例早产儿按不同胎龄、体重分组进行NCIS,其中42例胎龄<31周或出生体重<1.5kg者再进行CRIB评分,将两种评分结果进行比较。结果①胎龄越小、体重越轻,疾病危重评分分值越低,胎龄<31周或出生体重<1.5kg者明显低于≥31周或出生体重≥1.5kg者,其差异有显著性(P均<0.05雪;②死亡病例NCIS明显低于非死亡病例,CRIB评分明显高于非死亡病例,差异有显著性(P均<0.05雪;③NCIS与新生儿CRIB评分两者间呈负相关,r=-0.383,P<0.01。结论NCIS与CRIB评分均可较好地判断极低出生体重儿的疾病危重度,预测死亡风险,且两者相关性好。     

不同新生儿危重评分对极低及超低出生体质量儿出院前结局预测价值

目的 寻找预测极低出生体质量(VLBW)儿和超低出生体质量(ELBW)儿出院前结局的敏感的评分指标。方法 收集2018年7月1日至2021年1月31日收治的VLBW儿和ELBW儿的临床资料。评估新生儿急性生理学评分-Ⅱ(SNAP-Ⅱ)、新生儿急性生理学评分围生期补充-Ⅱ(SNAPPE-Ⅱ)、新生儿临床危险指数(CRIB)及新生儿危重病例评分(NCIS)对VLBW儿和ELBW儿出院前死亡、坏死性小肠结肠炎、支气管肺发育不良、肺出血、脑室旁白质软化及视网膜病变的预测价值。结果 共收治VLBW儿 491例,经筛选最终纳入223例VLBW儿(含56例ELBW儿)。无论VLBW儿或ELBW儿,存活组的NCIS评分高于死亡组,SNAP-Ⅱ、SNAPPE-Ⅱ以及CRIB评分均低于死亡组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在VLBW儿中,经ROC曲线分析发现,CRIB评分预测VLBW儿死亡的AUC最大,AUC为0.888,95%CI为0.827～0.949,当CRIB评分为1.5时,其预测VLBW儿死亡的约登指数为0.672,灵敏度0.944,特异度0.728。在ELBW儿中,CRIB评分预测...     

需要机械通气的极低出生体重儿院内病死率及病死风险因素的前瞻性研究

目的：描述危重极低出生体重儿（VLBWI）的临床特征、接受治疗状况及其转归,评估其病死风险相关因素,评价CRIB、SNAPPE-II评分系统预测我国早产儿病死风险的价值。方法：对2010年1月至2011年10月间新生儿重症监护室（NICU）收治的127例需要机械通气的VLBWI进行前瞻性数据收集。结果：纳入患儿平均胎龄为31±2 周,平均体重为1290±170 g,男女比例为1.23∶1,超低出生体重儿占6.3%。接受肺表面活性剂（PS）治疗者占 48.0%;接受气管插管机械通气的患儿占49.6%。总的院内病死率为41.7%。低出生体重、多胎分娩、剖宫产、低PaO2/FiO2比值是病死的独立风险因素,OR值分别为1.611、7.572、4.062、0.133,P<0.05。SNAPPE-II和CRIB评分系统可较好地预测病死转归,ROC曲线下面积分别为0.806、0.777。结论：VLBWI总的病死率仍处于较高水平;低出生体重、多胎分娩、剖宫产、低PaO2/FiO2比值是VLBWI病死的高危因素。应用新生儿危重评分系统可对研究对象疾病危重程度进行量化。     

新生儿危重症评分与极低出生体重儿神经预后相关性的研究进展

新生儿危重症评分是一种评估新生儿疾病危重程度、预测死亡风险的评分系统,其对神经预后的评价亦有重要的参考价值。由于各种新生儿危重症评分具有不同的评估内容,对神经预后的评估效能也存在差异。新生儿急性生理学评分、新生儿急性生理学评分-Ⅱ、新生儿急性生理学评分围生期补充-Ⅱ、婴儿神经生物学危险评分等对远期神经预后均有良好的预测价值,而新生儿临床危险指数、新生儿临床危险指数-Ⅱ的预测价值尚未确定。该文对多种新生儿危重症评分与极低出生体重儿(VLBWI)神经预后的相关性研究进行综述,为VLBWI神经损伤的早期识别和预后判断提供参考。     

低出生体重儿的喂养护理

早产儿为胎龄小于37周出生的新生儿，而出生体重小于2500g的婴儿，应称为低出生体重儿。随着医学的发展及医疗技术的提高，早产儿的成活率越来越高，但在死亡的新生儿中，早产儿、低出生体重儿仍占绝大多数。因此加强早产儿、低出生体重儿的喂养，采取积极有效的护理措施极其重要。     

早产低出生体重儿107例临床分析

当前如何降低早产儿、早产低出生体重儿死亡率，提高其存活率与质量，是儿科医师关注的问题。我院新生儿科自2000年1月至2006年11月全部住院新生儿861例中早产低出生体重儿共107例，早产儿占住院新生儿12．4％，临床分析如下。     

甘肃省2004-2011年新生儿死亡监测数据分析

目的分析甘肃省2004—2011年新生儿死亡特点及死因构成,为降低我省新生儿死亡率提供科学依据。方法收集甘肃省5岁以下儿童死亡监测点2004—2011年新生儿死亡监测数据,分析新生儿死亡特点及死因构成。结果 2004—2011年共监测活产新生儿161 700例,新生儿死亡1 572例(9.72‰),其中早期新生儿(0~7天)死亡1 332例(84.8%)。城市、农村及全省死亡新生儿中男婴(28.0%、31.1%、59.1%)比例均高于女婴(18.3%、22.3%、40.6%),但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。新生儿死亡出生地省(市)医院占38.0%,县区等基层医院及在家庭死亡占62.0%。新生儿死亡的主要原因为出生窒息和早产/低出生体重,县区医院新生儿死亡的第3位死因为出生缺陷。结论提高县级医疗单位的急救水平,完善新生儿急救绿色通道,规范早产/低出生体重儿管理,并做好出生缺陷早期干预是降低新生儿死亡的关键。     

SNAP-Ⅱ、SNAPPE-Ⅱ及NCIS的应用及研究进展

新生儿危重疾病评分系统被广泛用于评估新生儿疾病危重程度、严重并发症、新生儿死亡风险以及长期预后、指导转运等方面。目前国内外广泛使用的评分有新生儿临床危险指数(clinical risk index for babies, CRIB)、新生儿临床危险指数-Ⅱ(clinical risk index for babies Ⅱ, CRIB-Ⅱ)、新生儿急性生理学评分(score for neonatal acute physiology, SNAP)、新生儿急性生理学评分-Ⅱ(score for neonatal acute physiology Ⅱ, SNAP-Ⅱ)、新生儿急性生理学评分围生期补充-Ⅱ(score for neonatal acute physiology, perinatal extension, version Ⅱ, SNAPPE-Ⅱ)及国内新生儿危重病例评分(neonatal critical illness score , NCIS)等, 虽然有多个新生儿危重疾病评分系统使用, 但尚无公认的、理想的、最适用于评估新生儿疾病严重程度的评分。该文针对SNAP-Ⅱ、SNA...     

新生儿低血糖症的早期监测临床价值

目的 探讨新生儿低血糖症发生的危险因素，为临床防治提供依据。方法 对住院的506例新生儿于入院时进行血糖筛查。结果 低血糖27例，总发生率为5．3％，其中早产儿为20．9％，低出生体重儿为25．5％，巨大儿为17．6％，均显著高于足月正常体重儿的2．1％。新生儿窒息易引起低血糖。在低血糖治疗时，早产儿、低出生体重儿较足月正常体重儿更易发生一过性高血糖。结论 对存在早产、低出生体重、巨大、窒息等低血糖危险因素的新生儿，均应早期监测血糖，并尽早喂养或鼻饲。     

托莫西汀在注意力缺陷多动障碍患儿中的精准药学研究：CYP2D6基因检测和治疗药物监测

约3%的孕妇患有慢性肾脏病（chronic kidney disease,CKD）。该文复习了关于CKD母亲（包括透析和肾移植患者）的新生儿结局的文献。文献显示：妊娠合并CKD会增加新生儿发生早产、低出生体重及小于胎龄儿的风险,但不增加发生先天结构畸形的风险;从远期结局来看,对子代体格发育、免疫功能无显著影响;子代的神经发育结局与早产、低出生体重相关,与宫内药物暴露无关。仍需更进一步的研究及随访以探讨CKD母亲的新生儿结局。     

The clinical risk index of babies (CRIB) score in India

OBJECTIVE: To assess the usefulness of clinical risk index of babies (CRIB score) in predicting neonatal mortality in extremely preterm neonates, compared to birth weight and gestation. METHODS: 97 preterm neonates with gestational age less than 31 weeks or birth weight less than or equal to 1500 g were enrolled for the prospective longitudinal study. Relevant neonatal data was recorded. Blood gas analysis results and the maximum and the minimum FiO2 required by babies in first 12 hours of life were noted. Mortality was taken as death while the baby was in nursery. The prediction of mortality by birth weight, gestational age and CRIB score was done using the Logistic model, and expressed as area under the ROC curve. RESULTS: The area under the ROC curve for birth weight, gestational age and CRIB score was almost the same, the areas being 0.829, 0.819 and 0.823 respectively. Hence CRIB score did not fare better than birth weight and gestational age in predicting neonatal mortality. CONCLUSION: The CRIB score did not improve on the ability of birth weight and gestational age to predict neonatal mortality in the study.     

The clinical risk index of babies (CRIB) score in India

Objective : To assess the usefulness of clinical risk index of babies (CRIB score) in predicting neonatal mortality in extremely preterm neonates, compared to birth weight and gestation.Methods : 97 preterm neonates with gestational age less than 31 weeks or birth weight less than or equal to 1500 g were enrolled for the prospective longitudinal study. Relevant neonatal data was recorded. Blood gas analysis results and the maximum and the minimum FiO₂ required by babies in first 12 hours of life were noted. Mortality was taken as death while the baby was in nursery. The prediction of mortality by birth weight, gestational age and CRIB score was done using the Logistic model, and expressed as area under the ROC curve.Results : The area under the ROC curve for birth weight, gestational age and CRIB score was almost the same, the areas being 0.829, 0.819 and 0.823 respectively. Hence CRIB score did not fare better than birth weight and gestational age in predicting neonatal mortality.Conclusion : The CRIB score did not improve on the ability of birth weight and gestational age to predict neonatal mortality in the study.     

CRIB,CRIB‐II,birth weight or gestational age to assess mortality risk in very low birth weight infants?

AIM: The mortality risk of very low birth weight (VLBW) (<1500 g) infants has been estimated by the Clinical Risk Index for Babies (CRIB). Superior discriminatory power has been claimed for the revised CRIB-II score based on birth weight, gestational age, sex, temperature and base excess (BE) at admission. This analysis compared the power of CRIB, CRIB-II, birth weight and gestational age to predict death prior to discharge. METHODS: Of 1485 consecutive VLBW infants admitted between January 1, 1991 and December 31, 2006, who survived for >or=12 h, CRIB and CRIB-II calculations were possible in 1358 infants (92%). Predictive power of variables was assessed by comparing areas under receiver operator characteristics curves (AUC). RESULTS: CRIB (AUC [95% confidence intervals] 0.82 [0.78-0.86]) performed significantly better than birth weight (0.74 [0.69-0.79]) or gestational age (0.71 [0.66-0.76]), while CRIB-II (0.69 [0.64-0.74]) was rather inferior to CRIB and did not differ significantly from birth weight or gestational age. No substantial changes were seen when substituting worst BE during the first 12 h of life for BE at admission when calculating CRIB-II. CONCLUSIONS: CRIB-II does not result in improved estimation of mortality risk in VLBW infants as compared to CRIB, birth weight or gestational age.     

CRIB (clinical risk index for babies) in relation to nosocomial bacteraemia in very low birthweight or preterm infants.

Positive blood cultures in very low birthweight or preterm infants usually reflect bacteraemia, septicaemia, or failure of asepsis during sampling and lead to increased costs and length of stay. Rates of nosocomial, or hospital acquired, bacteraemia may therefore be important indicators of neonatal unit performance, if comparisons are adjusted for differences in initial risk. In a preliminary study the risk of nosocomial bacteraemia was related to initial clinical risk and illness severity measured by the clinical risk index for babies (CRIB). Nosocomial bacteraemia was defined as clinically suspected infection with culture of bacteria in blood more than 48 hours after birth. One or more episodes of nosocomial bacteraemia were identified retrospectively in 36 of 143 (25%) infants in a regional neonatal unit between 1992 and 1994. Biologically plausible models were developed using regression analysis techniques. After correcting for period at risk, nosocomial bacteraemia was independently associated with gestation at birth and CRIB. Death was independently associated with CRIB, but not with nosocomial bacteraemia. CRIB may contribute, with other explanatory variables, to more comprehensive predictive models of death and nosocomial infection. These may facilitate future risk adjusted comparative studies between groups of neonatal units.     

Use of the CRIB (clinical risk index for babies) score in prediction of neonatal mortality and morbidity.

A prospective study of the outcome of care of a regional cohort of very low birthweight (< 1500 g) and very preterm (< 32 weeks) infants was carried out. Its aims were to assess the ability of the CRIB (clinical risk index for babies) score, rather than gestational age or birthweight, to predict mortality before hospital discharge, neurological morbidity, and length of stay, and to access CRIB score as an indicator of neonatal intensive care performance. 676 live births fulfilled the criteria and complete data were available for 643 (95%). Compared with gestation and birthweight, CRIB was better for the prediction of mortality, was as good for the prediction of morbidity, and was not as good for the prediction of length of stay. CRIB adjusted mortality did not demonstrate better performance in units providing the highest level of care. Either the CRIB score was not sensitive to performance or the level 3 hospitals in this study were performing badly. On the basis of this analysis purchasers and providers of neonatal intensive care cannot yet rely on the CRIB score as a performance indicator.     

Early predictors of mortality in very low birth weight neonates.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate early predictors of mortality in very low birth weight neonates. SETTING: Teaching hospital. DESIGN: Case control study. METHODS: Hospital born very low birth weight newborns (500-1500 g) enrolled for study and followed up till death or 28 days. Infants' birth data and data on physiologic alterations, investigation and interventions in the first 24 hours of life and CRIB score were analyzed for their ability to predict neonatal mortality. RESULTS: 115 subjects were enrolled into the study of which 47 died in the neonatal period. The factors significantly associated with early neonatal mortality included birth weight, gestation, low Apgar scores, need for assisted ventilation at birth, need for supplemental oxygen and mechanical ventilation in the first 24 hours, presence of shock, hypoxia and acidosis (p < 0.05). The factors associated with late neonatal mortality were birth weight and gestation only. Multivariate analysis of these factors showed that besides low birth weight, shock, need for mechanical ventilation, acidosis and high alveolar-arterial oxygen gradients were significant predictors of neonatal mortality. When compared with the CRIB score, birth weight <1200g proved to be an equally good predictor of mortality risk. CONCLUSION: VLBW neonates with disturbed cardio-pulmonary physiology during the first 24 hours of life, especially those in need of mechanical ventilation, are at an increased risk of early neonatal mortality.     

Severe retinopathy of prematurity and its association with different rates of survival in infants of less than 1251 g birth weight

BACKGROUND: There is controversy over whether improved survival of preterm infants has resulted in a higher incidence of severe (grade 3 or greater) retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). AIM: To compare survival rates and rates of > or = stage 3 ROP-that is, with a high risk of sequelae-in preterm infants in five English cities where, anecdotally, the incidence of ROP is reported to show considerable variation. METHODS: All infants of birth weight < 1500 g and or gestational age < 32 weeks, born in 1994 in one of the cities or transferred in within 48 hours, were studied. The populations were adjusted for case mix variation using CRIB (clinical risk index for babies, a disease severity scoring system). The incidence of severe ROP, the actual death rate, and that adjusted for disease severity were determined. RESULTS: The rate of severe ROP per 1000 births was higher in city 1 than in all the other cities. This increase in comparison with city 2 and city 4 was significant (city 1, 167 (95% confidence interval (CI) 96 to 260); city 2, 24 (6 to 59); city 4, 16 (1 to 84)). A significant difference was not seen between city 1 and cities 3 (23 (1 to 120)) and 5 (74 (21 to 79)). The relative risk of developing severe ROP in city 1 compared with all the other cities was 5.5 (2.5 to 11.9). The actual death rate per 1000 births in city 1 was significantly lower than that predicted by modelling death against CRIB score (city 1: actual 270; predicted 385 (95% CI 339 to 431)). In contrast, the other cities had actual death rates as predicted, or worse than predicted, by CRIB. INTERPRETATION: A significantly higher incidence of severe ROP was identified in one of the five cities studied. Variation in survival rates among high risk infants may explain this observation.     

Growth hormone levels in relation to birth weight and gestational age

Growth hormone levels were measured in 33 umbilical cord blood samples collected from babies born at JIPMER Hospital during April and May-1998. The study was done to evaluate the growth hormone profile in relation to birth weight and gestational age. There was statistically significant difference in the cord blood growth hormone levels between babies weighing > 2500 gms (28.1 ± 12.83 ng/dl) and low birth weight babies (76.8 ± 55.7 ng/dl). The difference in growth hormone levels between term babies weighing >2500 gms and preterm babies (72.5 ± 29.4 ng/dl) was also statistically significant. However, there was no significant difference in the cord blood growth hormone levels between term low birth weight and preterm babies. Growth hormone levels were higher in preterm babies and low birth weight babies as compared to term babies weighing >2500 gms indicating that growth hormone has an important role to play in intrauterine growth along with other growth promoting factors.