某私立学校与公办学校学生个性特征比较研究

目的：了解私立学校学生的个性发展特征,为改革教育和管理模式提供依据。方法：采用随机整群抽样的原则,抽取私立学校9－15岁1089名学生为研究对象,以普通学校864名学生为对照,用艾森克人格问卷（EPQ）儿童版进行人格测定。结果：私立学校学生N分离于对照学校,提示情绪更不稳定,以青春发育初期最为明显。结论：私立学校与普通学校的学生在个性方面存在差异。     

韦氏成人智力量表手工操作方法与多媒体方法的对照研究

目的：对韦氏成人智力量表手工操作方法与多媒体操作方法进行比较对照。方法：随机选取正常被试50名，分别进行韦氏智力手工操作方法和多媒体操作方法的检查。结果：两种方法在韦氏智力量表的词汇、数字符合两项测验上差异显，在其余9个分测验和智商上均无显性差异。结论：韦氏智力多媒体操作方法与手工操作方法具有高度的一致性，并且有可能提高量表的标准化和信度。     

某私立学校儿童少年的生长发育及体质状况

随着我国改革开放和社会经济的不断发展 ,私立学校越来越多。私立学校与普通学校相比 ,在学生来源、生活环境以及家庭条件等各方面都存在较大差别 ,带有明显的“特殊性”。为研究私立学校儿童少年的身心发育状况 ,我们进行了专题的调查研究。1　对象与方法1.1　对象　潍坊英才学府创建于 1994年 ,现有学生 2 0 0 0余人 ,是山东省建校最早、规模较大的私立学校。采取随机整群抽样的原则 ,从小学三年级至初中二年级 ,每年级抽取 6个班 ,共 3 6个班 ,1160名学生为调查对象 ,年龄为 9～ 14岁。从潍坊胜利东路小学和第十四中学两所普通学校 ,每年…     

医学院大学生心理健康教育研究

目的：探索大学生心理健康教育的有效方式和方法。方法：以190名一年级新生为实验组，另设一个100人的对照组。实验组从课堂教学、团体辅导和个别咨询3个层面，开展为时一学期的心理健康教育。结果：教育前，实验组与对照组SCL－90得分无显性差异；教育后，实验组得分发生较大变化，除躯体化和精神病性2项之外，其他各项得分都显低于对照组。结论：心理健康教育使实验组大学生的心理健康水平显提高。     

新疆儿童智力水平分布的探讨

应用瑞文标准推理测验对新疆8所汉族学校四年级的儿童367名和乌鲁木齐市2所组族小学四年级的儿童70名进行了智力水平分析。结果表明：新疆儿童的智力缺陷检出率为4.63％，高于全国一般水平；北疆地区儿童智力水平高于南疆；城市小学生智力水平优于县城小学生；家庭内子女数和智力发育水平呈负相关；在同一年级中年龄越小，智力水平越高；家长文化素养与儿童智力水平呈正相关。未发现儿童智力水平与性别和学习成绩的差异。     

海拉尔地区学校健康教育现况调查及对策探讨

为了解海拉尔地区学校的健康教育现况，１９９８年４月份对本市１０所学校的小学五年级至初中三年级学生进行了问卷调查。经统计发现：小学五年级至初中三年级健康知识晓率分别为：８５．１０％、８９．１６％、９０．２８％、９１．７５％，有显性差异。健康行为形成率分别为：８３．８１％、８０．７１％、７９．７５％、７９．７８％，无显性差异。蒙汉之间、城乡之间的知晓率分别为８２．０５％、９０．３４％、９２．１０％     

合肥市大学生吸烟现状及行为模式的分析

为了阐明大学生吸烟的现状及行为模式，本研究利用行为流行病学的理论与方法，随机抽样并调查了１４６３名合肥市的在较大学生。结果表明：大学生吸烟率为１６、９０％，其中男女生吸烟率分别为２０．６１％、２．８１％。大学生吸烟率随着年级的升高而增加，不仅男女生吸烟率的差异具有显性（Ｐ＜０．０１），而且不同年级学生吸烟率差异也具有显意义（Ｐ＜０．０１），但是不同学科（专业）学生吸烟率差别无显性（Ｐ＞０．０     

家庭因素对小学高年级学生学习能力倾向的影响

目的探讨家庭因素对小学生学习能力倾向的影响,为学生的发展和学校及家庭教育提供理论依据。方法对长沙市普通学校和私立学校分层整群抽样,共调查四~六年级小学生485名,进行学习能力倾向测验,并调查其家庭一般情况及父母的养育方式,同时进行相关分析。结果家庭影响因素中,父母受教育程度、对早期教育重视程度以及父母的情感温暖理解、惩罚严厉、过干涉过保护等养育方式均与学习能力倾向相关,而这些影响在普通学校和私立学校间存在一定差异。结论应根据小学生学习能力倾向的影响因素,有针对性地采取措施,提高小学生的学习能力。     

小学生智力水平及相关因素的调查分析

为了给学校卫生工作提供依据，我们于1995年3月对两所点校二年级和五年级的393名学生进行了测试，并对有关因素进行了调查。1对象和方法1．1对象：某市两所小学二年级和五年级学生，共393人。1．2方法1．2．1年龄计算：实足年龄等于测试日期减去出生日期（阴历则加一个月）。1．2．2智力测试：采用瑞文标准推理测验测试学生智商。将原始得分按瑞文星表换算成智商，再按智力水平分级标准划分智力等级（表1）。1．2．3有关因素调查方法：在瑞文测试答卷前面，增加父母文化程度和职业项目，测试前由学生填写。2结果与分析2．1学生智力水平与性…     

深圳和香港青少年性知识、态度、行为比较

目的：了解深圳青少年知识、态度、行为现状，并将研究结果与香港地区青少年进行比较，以进一步了解深港两地青少年性健康状况的差异。方法：采用分层整群随机抽样的方法分别抽取深圳、香港初中三年级以上的高年级中学生2180名和4116名进行匿名问卷调查。结果：深圳青少年性知识的知晓率低于香港青少年，差异有显性；性知识获取途径以大众媒体为主。性态度方面，香港学生更为开放，但深圳学生在对待婚外性行为和约会行为的态度上较香港学生开放，差异有显性；恋爱、手淫和性交都有一定的发生率，其中深圳男生的性交行为发生率较高，差异有显性。结论：深圳、香港两地青少年在性知识、态度和行为的模式上相似，但深圳青少年面临更多的性与生殖健康风险。     

企业职工高尿酸血症与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性研究

目的探讨企业职工高尿酸血症（HUA）与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性,为企业进行健康管理提供依据。方法以中国石油长庆油田公司各下属企业为抽样单位,整群随机抽取2个单位,每个单位中所有的HUA者作为HUA组,共720人;同时在尿酸水平正常者中随机选取620人为正常组。通过Logistic回归分析HUA与年龄、性别、血压、血脂、血糖的关系。结果HUA合并高血压、高血脂、空腹m糖受损任意一项、两项、三项的比例均远高于正常组（OR值分别为：4．036,2．562,4．174）。多因素Logistic回归发现：男性、收缩压、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇是HUA的危险因素（OR值分别为7．736,2．309,1．721,2．761,1．411）;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇为HUA的保护因素（OR值为0．211）。结论HUA存在性别差异,且与血压、血脂密切相关。企业对职工的健康管理应充分考虑多危险因素的综合作用,全面的进行健康教育及干预。     

癌缺氧病因及预防和治疗

目的 探讨癌及安阳林州市食管癌高发原因及癌病因预防和治疗措施.方法 对林州市食管癌等疾病现场进行调查,在进行10余年统计分析基础上,综合分析了全国156篇文献成果.结果 提出癌缺氧病因学说,使用制氧机、按摩器、饮用纯净水治疗恶性肿瘤,取得良好效果,改水能够大幅降低林州市居民食管癌发病率、死亡率.结论 癌可能是由于机体长...     

Recruitment and retention challenges and successes

Objective: Addressing health disparities requires well designed, culturally adapted research. However, recruiting/retaining minority participants has often been challenging. We present strategies used to successfully recruit and retain rural Hispanic women during a breastfeeding education intervention.

Design: This study involved a two-group repeated measures quasi-experimental design with assessments at seven intervals between enrollment and 6 months postpartum. Participants (Hispanic women?≥?15 years old) were recruited through a regional hospital.

Results: We successfully met our recruitment goals, most women contacted were enrolled (46 of 58), and 100% completed the study.

Discussion: Research staff with ties within the community helped establish trust. Using bilingual study materials, simple language, and an interpreter addressed language/literacy concerns. Phone assessments facilitated participation as transportation was an issue. Accommodating requests to deliver or mail study materials and providing incentives were important. Extra effort was needed to maintain contact when phone service was disrupted or participants moved. Keys to success were persistence, flexibility, and alleviating barriers to participation.     

初产妇与经产妇焦虑抑郁状态分析及干预

目的：分析初产妇、经产妇心理状态特点,以便采取更有效的干预措施。方法筛选2014年6月至2015年1月在咸阳市旬邑县妇幼保健院产科门诊产前检查的健康初产和经产妇各60名,孕周为28~40周。入组时用焦虑自评量表( SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对两组孕妇进行心理评定,并给1次支持性心理干预(40~60分钟),1周后再次用SAS、SDS对两组孕妇进行评定分析。结果经产妇干预前SAS(50.73±3.45)、SDS(49.13±3.86)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(42.45±2.08)、SDS(41.77±2.21),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-15.921、-12.817,均P<0.01);干预后两组SAS、SDS评分均比干预前明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为14.999、15.413;15.724、15.832,均P<0.01);干预后经产妇 SAS(38.61±5.02)、SDS(39.10±3.03)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(34.88±3.31)、SDS(32.01±4.27),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-4.805、-10.489,均P<0.01)。结论初产妇和经产妇均伴有焦虑、抑郁情绪,干预前后经产妇抑郁、焦虑情绪均较初产妇明显,支持性心理干预能有效改善孕妇的不良情绪。     

Continuity and change in neighborhood disadvantage and adolescent depression and anxiety

We used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study which includes a sample of adolescents of age 15 at the most recent wave (between 2014 and 2017) from mainly low-income urban families in the United States, to examine the association between neighborhood poverty entries and exits and adolescent depression and anxiety. In addition, we examined whether these associations differed by gender. Adolescents who consistently lived in disadvantaged neighborhoods had the highest level of depression and anxiety. Those who entered poor neighborhoods were more depressed than those who never lived in poor neighborhoods. Those who exited poor neighborhoods showed no significant difference in depression and anxiety compared to those never lived in poor neighborhoods. Furthermore, these associations applied to adolescent girls only and were not statistically significant for boys. The results suggest that neighborhood poverty has cumulative negative impacts on adolescent mental health and disproportionally affects adolescent girls. Reducing neighborhood poverty would substantially improve the health of adolescents, especially girls, which would reduce health disparities.     

Enabling positive change: Progress and setbacks in HIV and sexual and reproductive health and rights

At a point in history when the future of sexual and reproductive health including HIV looks particularly uncertain, it is helpful to recognise that many of the challenges currently faced are neither new nor insurmountable. Reflecting on past achievements and lessons learned helps us to have confidence that positive change is feasible. This paper reflects on some of the changes observed in countries like India and Mozambique and identifies a range of factors which need to coalesce to enable these developments, along with specific contextual factors. It is the combination of these influences rather than any one of them alone that brought about the change in the three instances described – fostering a positive political response to HIV in its early years in India; bringing about policy reform on abortion in Mozambique; and increasing contraceptive prevalence and age at marriage in some districts in Bihar, India. Change is always fragile and susceptible to setbacks, but change-seekers can learn in the process and gain renewed hope that progress can and often does take place if they persevere.     

儿童青少年超重肥胖评价方法及SPSS和SAS实现

超重肥胖已成为世界各国儿童青少年面临的重大公共卫生问题之一。现行的儿童青少年超重肥胖筛查标准不统一,逐条评价或自行编写程序容易出错且效率较低。本研究以中国学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查标准为例,详细介绍了国际和中国共四种评价儿童青少年超重肥胖的方法和步骤,结合具体案例详细介绍其应用方法,同时编制SPSS和SAS程序包和解...     

Car ownership and the association between fruit and vegetable availability and diet

Objective

Nearly all research on the food environment and diet has not accounted for car ownership — a potential key modifying factor. This study examined the modifying effect of car ownership on the relationship between neighborhood fruit and vegetable availability and intake.

Methods

Data on respondents' (n = 760) fruit and vegetable intake, car ownership, and demographics came from the 2008 New Orleans Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Shelf space data on fresh, frozen, and canned fruits and vegetables were collected in 2008 from a random sample of New Orleans stores (n = 114). Availability measures were constructed by summing the amount of fruit and vegetable shelf space in all stores within defined distances from respondent households. Regression analyses controlled for demographics and were run separately for respondents with and without a car.

Results

Fruit and vegetable availability was positively associated with intake among non-car owners. An additional 100 m of shelf space within 2 km of a residence was predictive of a half-serving/day increase in fruit and vegetable intake. Availability was not associated with intake among car owners.

Conclusions

Future research and interventions to increase neighborhood healthy food options should consider car ownership rates in their target areas as an important modifying factor.