老年人急性药物性肝病临床分析30例

目的:探讨老年人急性药物性肝病的常见诱发药物、临床表现、分型及预防,以提高对该病的诊断水平.方法:对符合诊断标准的30例急性药物性肝病患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果:诱发老年人急性药物性肝病的药物中,中草药9例(30.3%),抗生素5例(16.7%),解热镇痛药,碘油造影剂和抗甲亢药均3例(10.0%),其他7例(23.3%).临床表现为急性肝细胞型20例(66.7%),急性胆汁淤积型3例(10%),混合型7例(23.3%).其中治愈18例(60.0%),好转8例(26.7%),恶化2例(6.7%),死亡2例(6.7%).结论:老年人对药物敏感性增加,容易引起急性药物性肝损伤和不良反应,临床医生必须加以高度重视,谨慎用药.     

33例药物性肝病的临床分析

目的分析药物性肝病患者的病因及临床特点分析,以提高临床医生对该病的认识。方法采用回顾性分析对33例药物性肝病患者的用药史、临床表现、肝功能检查、病原学标志物以及治疗转归作综合判断。结果引起药物性肝病的相关药物有:抗菌素类药占36.3%(12/33),中药占15.2%(5/33),抗结核药占12.1%(4/33),抗肿瘤药占9.1%(3/33),解热镇痛药占12.1%(4/33),抗甲状腺药占6.1%(2/33),抗精神病药占3.0%(1/33),其它药物占6.1%(2/33)。临床表现为急性药物性肝病21例,慢性药物性肝病12例。临床表现依药物的作用机制而不同,患者主要表现为黄疸和转氨酶升高。经停药及护肝治疗预后良好。结论不同种类的药物均可能引起药物性肝病,应引起重视。     

药物性肝病临床探讨

目的探讨31例药物性肝病患者的病因和临床特点，以提高临床医师对该病的认识和掌握。方法采用回顾性分析对31例药物性肝病住院患者的用药史、临床表现、肝功能检查、病原学标志以及治疗转归作出综合判断，部分患者结合肝活检组织学检查可使诊断更为明确。结果引起肝病的相关药物中．抗菌素类药占22．6％(7／31)，中药占19．3(6／31)，抗结核类药占12．9％(4／31)，抗肿瘤类药占9．6％(3／31)，解热镇痛类药9．6％(3／31)，抗甲状腺类药6．4％(2／31)、其他药物占6．4％(2／31)，另有4例(12．9％)用药不详。临床分型：急性药物性肝病26例，慢性药物性肝病5例。临床表现根据药物不同作用机制而有所不同，住院患者主要表现为黄疸和转氨酶升高。经停药并给予保肝解毒治疗，30例预后良好，有1例用抗结核药物患者致肝硬化。结论临床医师应重视药物性肝病的预防、诊断和治疗。     

回顾性分析临床药物性肝病109例

目的:分析总结近年来药物性肝病的情况,提高本病的诊断治疗水平.方法:回顾调查1999-2004年各种药物致药物性肝病109例,分析统计每年药物性肝病发病例数的变迁及临床情况.结果:抗生素、非甾体抗炎药、治疗甲亢药、中草药、抗结核药是主要的损肝药物.急性药物性肝损伤是逐年增加的,肝损伤发生时间因所用药物不同而差异很大,无临床症状者占22.94%,有症状者占77.06%.慢性药物性肝病7例,急性药物性肝损伤102例(肝细胞损伤型67例,胆汁淤积型23例,混合型12例);治愈17例,好转81例,未愈10例,死亡1例.结论:药物性肝病多数表现为急性药物性肝损伤,少数为慢性肝损伤,取决于药物的种类、剂量和给药途径.药物性肝病的早期诊断与重视程度和认识有关,加强规范合理用药及用药监测可以预防本病.     

药物性肝病的病因和临床表现─43例的分析

目的：对43例药物性肝病患者进行分析，以帮助临床医师对该病作出正确诊断和治疗。方法：根据服药史、临床症状、血象、肝功能试验、病原学标志，以及停药后的效应作出综合诊断。结果：引起肝病的有关药物中，性激素药占13．9％，抗炎药占11．6％，抗结核类药占9．3％，心血管类药占4．6％，抗精神失常药占4．6％，泻药占4．6％，磺胺类药占2.3％，抗震颤麻痹药占2．3％，中草药类占30．2％，其他类药物占16．2％。临床分类：41例急性药物性肝病，其中肝细胞损伤型31例，胆汁淤滞型8例，混合型2例。2例为慢性药物性肝病。结论：临床上一旦明确诊断，立即停用有关药物，预后良好，本组中无一例死亡。     

药物性肝病的病因和临床表现-43例的分析

本文收集了1982年至1995午间确诊药物性肝病43例，并作一分析：43例药物性肝病中，男女发病数基本相等，最小21岁，最大87岁。从病因分析来看，性激素类引起药物性肝病占13．9%，抗炎药为11．6％，抗结核类药为9．3%，心血管类药为4．6％，抗精神失常药为4．6％，泻药为4，6％，磺胺类药为2．3％，抗震颤麻痹药为2.3％，植物草药类为30．2％，其他类为16．2%。41例为急性药物性肝病，其中肝细胞损伤型31例，胆汁瘀滞型8例，混合型2例；2例为慢性药物性肝病。从治疗治及预后来看，临床一旦确诊系药物性肝病后，立即停用有关或可疑的药物，给予相应的治疗措施，预后较好，我院无一例因药物性肝病而死亡。     

231例药物性肝损伤临床分析

目的对近4年多我院收治的药物性肝损伤(DILI)患者进行回顾性分析,以提高临床医师对此病的认识。方法对2003年1月至2007年6月期间在我院就诊的231例诊断为药物性肝病的患者进行回顾性分析,并根据Maria药物性肝损伤评分标准进行评价。结果231例患者中,Maria评分≥14分者69例,10～13分119例,6～9分43例,其中抗结核药物引起的肝损伤患者依次为24例(34.78%)、72例(60.50%)及14例(32.56%)。涉及药物频率由高至低,主要为抗结核药47.62%(110/231),中草药18.61(43/231),其他抗生素7.36%(17/231),其他药物26.41%(61/231)。临床分型:肝细胞损伤型84.42%(195/231),胆汁淤积型6.49%(15/231),混合型9.10%(21/231)。结论Maria评分表在对抗结核药物引起的肝损伤进行评估时,其分值相对较低。抗结核药及中草药引起的肝损伤最为常见,应引起临床医生重视。     

药物性肝病122例临床分析

目的探讨引起药物性肝病的常见药物及临床特点。方法对本院近3年来收治的122例药物性肝病患者进行回顾性分析。结果①共12类药物与药物性肝病有关，前5位依次是抗结核药、中药、抗微生物药、抗肿瘤药及抗痛风药。②临床表现不同。③临床分型以急性多见，其中肝细胞损害型为49．6％。④停药后保肝治疗预后较好。结论药物性肝病是临床上较常见和易被忽视的疾病，应引起临床医生的重视。     

31例药物性肝病的病因及临床特点分析

（湖北武汉市长江航运总医院感染科430010）：《医学理论与实践》，2006，19（2）：177—179【目的：探讨药物性肝病患的病因及临床特点，以提高临床医生对该病的认识，并给予及时有效的治疗。方法：采用回顾性分析对31例药物性肝病患的用药史、临床表现、肝功能检查、病原学标志物以及治疗转归作综合判断。结果：引起药物性肝病的相关药物有：抗菌素类药为19．4％（6／31），中药为19．4％（6／31），抗结核药为16．1％（5／31），抗肿瘤药为9．7％（3／31），解热镇痛药为6．5％（2／31），抗甲状腺药为6．5％（2／31），抗精神病药9．7％（3／31），其他类药为12．9％（4／31）。临床出现急性药物性肝病28例，慢性药物性肝病3例。临床表现依药物的作用机制而不同。患主要表现为黄疸和转氨酶升高。经停药及护肝治疗预后良好。结论：不同种类的药物可能引起药物性肝病，应引起重视。     

药物诱发慢性肝损害35例临床分析

目的 提高临床对慢性药物性肝病的认识。方法 回顾性分析1990～2003年间淮安市第一医院确诊的35例慢性药物性肝病的临床资料。结果 药物诱发慢性肝炎17例,慢性肝内胆汁淤积6例,肝硬化2例,脂肪肝5例,肝脏腺瘤2例,肝静脉血栓形成2例,肝肉芽肿1例,35例中治愈和缓解34例(97.2％),死亡1例(2.8％)。常见诱导慢性肝病的药有抗结核药、化疗药、镇静安眠抗惊厥药、非甾体类抗炎药、抗雌激素药、降脂药等。结论 药物诱导的慢性肝病应引起重视,大部分慢性药物肝病及时停药后预后较好。     

老年人急性药物性肝损伤临床特点分析

目的 探讨老年人急性药物性肝损伤的病因、分型和肝功能变化特点.方法 采用急性药物性肝损伤诊断标准及国际共识分型标准,回顾性分析近10年来我院167例因急性药物性肝损伤住院患者的临床资料.结果 急性药物性肝损伤患者167例,老年组和中青年组分别为53例(31.7%)和114例(68.3%);导致急性药物性肝损伤最常见的药物为中药类(47.9%),老年组心血管系统用药比例高于中青年组(P＜0.05),临床表现以乏力(50.3%)和黄疸(46.7%)者多见,无明显临床表现者仅25例(15.0%),老年组与中青年组临床表现差异无统计学意义;老年组肝细胞型、胆汁淤积型和混合型肝损伤分别为40例(75.5%)、5例(9.4%)和8例(15.1%),中青年组分别为91例(78.9%)、8例(7.4%)和15例(13.7%),两组比较差异无统计学意义(x2=0.80,P＞0.05).结论 老年患者药物性肝损伤以中草药类及心血管药物为主,临床表现缺乏特异性.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the causes, clinical features, classifications and liver function change of drug-induced liver damage (DILD) in the elderly. Methods One hundred and sixty seven inpatients with acute drug-induced liver injury in our hospital in the past ten years (January 2000 to December 2009) were retrospectively investigated,and the diagnosis and classification methods of acute DILD were based on international consensus meeting (international criteria). Results Among 167 DILI cases, there were 53 cases (31.7%) in the older group and 114 cases (68.3%) in middle-youth age group. Fatigue and jaundice were the more common symptoms, accounting for 50.3% and 46.7%, respectively. In 167 cases, no obvious symptoms and signs were shown in 25 cases. There were no significance differences in clinical manifestation between two groups. Many drugs could induce liver injury. The most common drugs inducing DILD were Chinese traditional and herbal drugs, accounting for 47.9%. Drugs used in heart diseases and inducing liver injury were more common in the older group. In this study, 40 (75.5%), 5 (9.4%) and 8 (15.1%) cases were designated as hepatocellular, cholestetic and mixed DILD in the older group, and 91 (78.9%), 8 (7.4%) and 15 (13.7%) in middle-youth age group, respectively. There were no significance differences between two groups in classifications. Conclusions Many drugs could cause liver injury. The symptoms of acute DILD are nonspecific. Drugs used in heart diseases and inducing liver injury are more common in older patients.     

Long-term follow-up of upper and lower extremity vasculitis related to giant cell arteritis: a series of 36 patients

We conducted this retrospective study to determine the prevalence of giant cell arteritis (GCA) in patients exhibiting nonatherosclerotic upper and/or lower extremity arterial involvement and to evaluate the clinical features and long-term outcome of those patients.From January 1997 to March 2008, 36 consecutive patients in the Department of Internal Medicine at the University of Rouen medical center received a diagnosis of symptomatic upper/lower extremity vasculitis related to GCA. In the 36 patients, upper/lower extremity vasculitis preceded the initial GCA diagnosis in 7 patients (19.4%), it was identified in association with GCA in 13 patients (36.1%), and it developed after the onset of GCA in the remaining 16 patients (44.4%). GCA clinical manifestations were severe resulting in ischemic complications of the extremities in 10 patients (27.8%). GCA-related large-vessel involvement was located in the upper extremity alone in 21 patients (58.3%), the lower extremity alone in 7 patients (19.4%), and both the upper and lower extremities in 8 patients (22.2%).Arterial involvement in GCA patients with upper extremity vasculitis was distributed in the subclavian (55.6%), axillary (47.2%), and brachial (22.2%) arteries. In patients with lower extremity vasculitis, involvement included the internal iliac artery (11.1%), common femoral artery (13.9%), superficial femoral artery (33.3%), deep femoral artery (5.6%), and popliteal and anterior tibial arteries (5.6%). Aortic localizations were common in GCA patients with upper/lower extremity vasculitis (68.9% of cases).All patients were given steroid therapy at a median daily dose of 1 mg/kg initially. Reconstructive study was performed in 10 patients (27.8%): venous bypass graft (n = 6), angioplasty (n = 1), thromboendarteriectomy (n = 2), or thrombectomy (n = 1); 2 other patients with extremity ischemia underwent amputation. The median observation time was 32 months; the outcome of upper/lower extremity vasculitis was disappearance of clinical symptoms (44.4%), improvement of clinical manifestations (44.4%), and deterioration of clinical manifestations (11.1%). At last follow-up, the median daily dose of prednisone was 6 mg. Steroid therapy could be discontinued in 12 patients (33.3%).We found that upper/lower extremity vasculitis is not uncommon in patients with GCA, and may be present in the early acute phase of GCA. Nevertheless, because upper/lower extremity vasculitis occurs during the course of GCA, yearly clinical vascular examinations may be adequate to screen for upper/lower extremity vasculitis at an early stage in GCA patients. Early diagnosis of GCA-related upper/lower extremity vasculitis is crucial, and can result in decreased severe ischemic complications. Because aortic localizations were common, GCA patients with upper/lower extremity vasculitis should undergo routine investigations for underlying life-threatening aortic complications (aortic ectasia/aneurysm). We also suggest that patients exhibiting aortic complications should undergo routine clinical vascular examination to detect upper/lower extremity vasculitis.     

药物性肝损害146例临床分析

目的：探讨药物性肝损害的病因及临床特点.方法：对2008-2013年本院的146例患者药物性肝损害进行回顾性研究,根据Maria药物性肝损害评分标准进行评价,对其所用药物、临床表现和治疗与转归等特点进行回顾性分析.结果：146例患者中,Maria评分均大于或等于10分.引起肝损害的药物种类繁多,中药占首位（26.7％）,其次为抗结核药物（20.5％）,抗生素为11.0％,其他药物为41.8％.临床分型,肝细胞损伤型占80.80％,胆汁淤积型占8.90％,混合型占10.30％.引起的肝损害型以轻、中度为主,临床表现主要为乏力、纳差、尿黄、恶心和右上腹不适等.患者使用还原型谷胱甘肽或还原型谷胱甘肽联合复方甘草甜素治疗,2周内可明显改善肝损害表现及恢复肝功能.146例患者中有126例治愈好转,占86.3％,而病死率为5.5％ （8/146）.结论：Maria药物性肝损害国际共识标准规范了临床诊断,有助于肝损害的鉴别诊断,但其可操作性有待进一步改善.致肝损害的药物种类繁多,临床表现无特异性,但病死率较高,中草药及其制成品引发肝损害占首位,应引起临床医生重视,用药期间应注意监测肝功能.     

急性药物性肝损伤179例临床分析

目的探讨急性药物性肝损伤临床表现特点、分型、病因、治疗及分析预后，以指导临床诊断和治疗。方法采用急性药物性肝损伤诊断及分类国际共识标准，回顾性调查近5年来中山大学附属第一医院179例急性药物性肝损伤住院患者的临床资料。结果本研究中有48％的患者无明显临床症状体征，其余亦缺乏特异性；有肝细胞型137例（76．11％），胆汁淤积型24例（14．33％），混合型18例（10．56％）。符合重症肝损伤者6例；引起肝功能损伤的药物种类很多，本组最常见的为化疗药、抗结核药、中草药；85．55％患者预后较好，主要肝功能指标于30d内恢复至正常上限两倍以内。6例发展为重型肝损伤，预后较差。结论急性药物性肝损伤症状缺乏特异性，不能单纯根据症状确定诊断；本组患者急性药物性肝损伤的类型以肝细胞型为主；临床上可以引起急性药物性肝损伤的药物种类很多，但以化疗药、抗结核药、中草药发生率最高，临床应用此类药物时，应注意监测肝功能在本组患者中急性药物性肝损伤一般预后较好，但亦可发生严重肝损害，应及时采取措施处理。     

Use of traditional herbal medicine by AIDS patients in Kabarole District, western Uganda

The objective of this cross-sectional study was to assess the use of traditional herbal medicine by AIDS patients in Kabarole District, western Uganda. Using systematic sampling, 137 AIDS patients were selected from outpatient departments of 3 hospitals and interviewed via questionnaire. The questions related to such areas as type and frequency of herbal medicine intake, concomitant herb-pharmaceutical drug use (including herb-antiretroviral drug cotherapy), and the perceived effectiveness of herbal medicine. Overall, 63.5% of AIDS patients had used herbal medicine after HIV diagnosis. Same-day herbal medicine and pharmaceutical drugs use was reported by 32.8% of AIDS patients. Patterns of traditional herbal medicine use were quite similar between those on antiretroviral therapy and those who received supportive therapy only. The primary conclusion is that AIDS outpatients commonly use herbal medicine for the treatment of HIV/AIDS. Pharmacological interactions between antiretroviral drugs and traditional herbal medicines need to be further examined.     

肺血栓栓塞症54例诊断分析

目的:探讨肺血栓栓塞症(PTE)的临床特点、早期诊断方法,提高PTE的诊断率.方法:回顾分析2000-01-2010-08我院收治的54例PTE患者的临床表现、实验室辅助检查结果及治疗方法等资料.结果:PTE的临床表现缺乏特异性,主要表现为呼吸困难(57.4%)、胸痛(46.3%)、咯血(22.2%)及咳嗽(31.5%...     

Clinic-epidemiological significance of drug hepatotoxicity in liver disease consultation

To assess epidemiological and clinical significance of drug hepatotoxicity in the setting of liver diseases consultation, ten thousand and three hundred forty two prospectively designed clinical records from patient cared for in our Liver Unit in the period 1988-1998 were incorporated into the study; 58 out of 10,342 (prevalence = 5.6%) fulfilled at least the first three of the following causality requirements: 1.--Liver injury associated in time to drug exposition; 2.--Negative evaluation of more common other etiologies; (alcohol, viruses, immunologic, metabolic, etc) 3.--Favourable response to drug withdrawal (ALT < 50% of baseline in 8 to 30 days in acute hepatitis type, and alkaline phosphatase and/or total bilirubin < 50% of baseline up to 6 months, in acute cholestasis) 4.--Inadverted or rarely prescribed positive challenge. Acute hepatitis type of injury were considered when serum ALT rise 8 times or more above normal superior level with alkaline phosphatase (APh) below 3 times; "pure" cholestasis when APh rise 3 times or more above normal with ALT below 8 times; mixed acute injury or cholestatic hepatitis when both ALT and APh were elevated above 8 and 3 times respectively, and indeterminate type when both enzymes were below the referred levels. Chronic injury were considered when six or more month of evolution and compatible liver histology happens. Clinical severity were expressed as mild (absence of major clinical complications, serum bilirubin < 5 mg/dl and prothrombin concentration > 75%), moderate (presence of clinical complications, bilirubin > 5 mg/dl and prothrombin concentration between 50-75%), and severe (major clinical complications with bilirubin > 5 mg/dl and prothrombin concentration < 50%). Female/male ratio was 1.4:1, with age average 39 years (R = 15-77) and major concentration of cases above 40. More than 50% of cases received 2 or more drugs. Jaundice was present in 60.4%, and systemic manifestations of hypersensibility (fever, adenomegalies, rush, mononucleosis like syndrome, eosinophilia) in 29.3%. Acute injury represented 91.4% of the cases: 41.4% acute hepatitis, 15.5% "pure" cholestasis, 24.1% cholestatic hepatitis, and 10.3% indeterminate type. Four patients (4.5% of acute injury cases) were presented as severe acute liver failure, leading to liver transplant in one of them, drug association (INH-rifampicin and carbamazepine-phenobarbital) and inadverted challenge (sulphonamides and pemoline) were associated to clinical severity. Chronic injury were found in five patient (8.6%), four of them associated to chronic hepatitis and the other one to a ductopenic syndrome. Six drugs represented 53.4% of our cases; oral contraceptives (7 cases), INH alone or combined with rifampicin (6 cases), sulfonamides and clorpropamida (5 cases each), carbamazepine and amiodarone (4 cases each). Normalization of liver enzymes after drug suppression took 2 to 8 weeks in acute hepatitis type (X = 4 weeks), 4 to 20 in "pure" cholestasis (X = 12 weeks) and 8 to 24 weeks in cholestatic hepatitis or mixed type (X = 16 weeks). Two cases of chronic hepatitis normalize the histological activity index in 20 and 18 month respectively, one case remains as chronic hepatitis at 10 month and the other one progress to cirrhosis; the ductopenic syndrome normalize histology in 19 months receiving urso-deoxicolic acid, 10 mg/k/day.     

107例药物性肝损害的病因和临床特点

目的对药物性肝病患者进行分析,以提高对该病的认识,及早做出正确诊断和治疗.方法对1992～2004年间我院住院的124例药物性肝病患者进行回顾性分析,并根据1997年Maria药物性肝损害评分系统重新评价.结果124例中Maria评分≥14分者107例.涉及药物频率由高到低依次为：抗生素28%（29/107）,免疫抑制剂18.4%（19/107）,中药及减肥茶13.8%（16/107）,解热抗炎药10.3%（11/107）,心血管类药9.2%（10/107）,性激素类药8.0%（8/107）,抗甲状腺亢进及降糖药4.6%（5/107）,其他8.0%（9/107）.临床分型：肝细胞损伤型58.6%（62/107）,胆汁淤积型26.5%（28/107）,混合型14.9%（17/107）.80%患者1个月内肝功能恢复正常,7%（7/107）患者肝功能异常持续半年以上,仅1例死亡.结论抗生素引起的肝损害最常见,免疫抑制剂和中药引起的肝损害逐渐增多,停用有关药物后大部分患者预后良好,少数可引起肝硬化.     

药物性肝炎47例临床分析

目的 探讨47例药物性肝炎患者的病因和临床特点，以提高对该病的认识。方法 采用回顾性分析法对47例药物性肝炎住院患者的用药史、临床表现、肝功能检查、病原学标志以及治疗转归做出综合分析。结果 引起肝病的相关药物中抗生素类占23．4％（11／47），中药及解热镇痛药各占21．3％（10／47）、抗肿瘤药占10．6％（5／47）、抗结核药及H2受体拮抗剂各占8．5％（4／47）、其他占6．4％（3／47）。临床表现为急性肝炎44例，慢性肝炎3例（主要有乏力、纳差、黄疸和转氨酶升高）。经停药并给予保肝治疗，45例预后良好，1例发展至肝硬化，1例因重症肝炎而死亡。结论 应重视药物性肝炎的预防、诊断和治疗。