精神分裂症患者的MMPI结果分析

目的了解精神分裂症患者的个性特征,为临床心理干预提供依据.方法采用明尼苏达多项个性调查表(MMPI),对65例精神分裂症患者进行评定,与国内常模比较.结果量表L、F、K、Hs、D、Pd、Mf、Pa、Pt、Sc、Ma分值高于常模(P《0.05).结论精神分裂症患者的个性特征及各量表相关,而且测验成绩差的病人其疗效和预后均较差.     

住院精神分裂症患者配偶的心理问题及对策

目的：探索住院精神分裂症患者配偶的心理问题并提出相应对策。方法：采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）,对住院治疗的精神分裂症患者配偶进行测试,并与国内常模对照。结果：住院精神分裂症患者配偶所有各因子分均高于常模,其中焦虑、抑郁、恐怖、躯体化、偏执和人际关系尤为显著。结论：住院精神分裂症患者配偶存在较严重的心理问题,医务工作者在治疗精神分裂症患者的同时,应对其配偶进行积极的心理干预。     

52例住院精神分裂症患者家庭成员焦虑、抑郁问卷调查

目的：了解住院精神分裂症患者家庭成员（以下简称患者家庭成员）的焦虑、抑郁情绪。方法：采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）和抑郁自评量表（SDS）进行测查。结果：患者家庭成员SAS、SDS得分均高于常模，且有显著性差异。患者一级家庭成员SAS、SDS得分均高于二级家庭成员得分且有显著性差异，30岁以上患者家庭成员得分明显高于30岁以下家庭成员得分，有显著性差异，而SAS、SDS得分与性别、职业、学历无关。结论：住院精神分裂症病人的家庭成员存在较严重的心理卫生问题。     

医学本科卫生专业学生个性特征探讨

目的：探讨医学本科卫生专业学生这一人群的个性特征，以便为卫生专业教学、培养合格的卫生专业学生和卫生专业人员使用并发展积极的个性提供参考。方法：使用经修订的Ｅｙｓｅｎｃｋ个性问卷（成人）法对４０名医学本科卫生专业学生进行了测试，并与我国常模比较。结果：男生除Ｌ量表分低于常模且有统计学意义，其余Ｐ、Ｅ、Ｎ量表分与常模相近，差别无统计学意义；女生除Ｅ量表分高于常模，其余Ｐ、Ｎ、Ｌ量表分均低于常模且有统计学意义。结论：医学本科卫生专业学生个性特征为，个性在内外向方面属中间型；情绪稳定。     

精神分裂症患者污名现象与家庭环境关系的相关研究

目的探讨精神分裂症患者污名现象与家庭环境的相关性。方法采用家庭环境量表（FES-CV）和心理障碍污名量表对100例精神分裂症患者进行测评,并进行相关分析。结果精神分裂症患者的家庭亲密度、情感表达、成功性和组织性因子得分低于与中国常模（〈0.01）,矛盾性高于中国常模（〈0.01）。家庭亲密度、情感表达、矛盾性、独立性﹑成功性与污名现象之间呈正相关（均〈0.05）。结论精神分裂症患者的污名现象与家庭环境明显相关。     

心理保健教育对入伍新兵人格特征的影响

目的：探讨心理保健教育对新兵个性特征的影响。方法：采用：采用修订的成人艾森克个性问卷（EPQ）对2180名新兵个性特征进行调查，尔后以《军人精神卫生保健常识》为教材对他们进行心理健康保健教育，三年后对1533名完成者再次进行EPQ调查。结果：新兵及其自身对照级精神质（P）量表分均低于袭氏和艾氏常模，而内外向（E）量表分、神经质（N）量表分和效度（L）量表分均低于袭氏和艾氏常模，新兵内外向（E）量表分高于其自身对照组，而精神质（P），神经质（N）及效度（L）量表分则低于其自身对照组，而中间、外向、倾向外向则高于自身对照组（P＜0．05）；情绪稳定性也以中间型为多（分别为65．27％和68．95％），稳定和中间入伍新兵低于自身对照组，而倾向不稳定和不稳入伍则高于自身对照组（P＜0．01）。结论：心理保健教育对新兵个性特征有积极的影响。     

女性康复期精神分裂症患者心理状况及心理干预

目的：探讨心理干预对康复期女性精神分裂症患者心理状况的影响。方法：采用支持性心理治疗、放松训练对50例康复期女性精神分裂症患者进行心理干预，并在干预前后对其用症状自评量表（SCL-90）进行心理测评，与国内常模进行对照。结果：心理干预前SCL-90各因子分与国内常模间差异有显著性意义；干预后SCL-90除偏执外，其余各因子分与干预前比较差异有显著性意义，与国内常模比较，恐怖因子差异有显著性意义，其余各因子差异无显著性意义。结论：康复期精神分裂症患者存在着较多的心理问题，心理干预能有效地改善患者的心理状况。     

首发精神分裂症患者配偶的情绪状态、个性特征及应对方式的调查

目的探讨精神分裂症患者配偶的个性特征、应对方式对自身情绪状态及患者精神的影响。方法对215例首发精神分裂症患者配偶进行焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）、简易应对方式问卷（SCSQ）及艾森克个性问卷量表的测定。结果 SDS和SAS得分均明显高于国家常模（均〈0.01）,女性配偶的SDS得分显著高于男性配偶的得分（〈0.01）,农村配偶的SDS得分明显高于城市配偶的得分（〈0.05）。消极应对方式得分中,女性配偶得分明显高于男性配偶（〈0.01）,农村配偶得分明显高于城市配偶（〈0.01）。消极应对方式分与抑郁和焦虑得分均呈正相关（=0.498、0.254,〈0.05）。结论精神分裂症患者配偶的人格特征及应对方式将影响患者的病程和预后,同时配偶的情绪状态将加重其消极应对方式,故有效地对患者配偶进行心理干预极其重要。     

住院精神分裂症患者父母焦虑抑郁状态分析及干预

目的：了解住院精神分裂症患者父母心理健康状态及临床干预效果。方法：采用抑郁自评量表（SDS）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）及自编。般项目调查表对62例住院精神分裂症患者父母分别于入院时、2个月测评,将患者父母随机分为对照组和干预组各31名,对干预组进行临床干预。结果：精神分裂症患者父母焦虑抑郁得分明显高于国内常模（P〈0．01）,干预组SDS、SAS评分均显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：住院精神分裂症患者父母均存在一定的焦虑抑郁情绪,采取及时有效的干预可以提高他们的心理健康水平和生活质量。     

首发精神分裂症患者家属的家庭负担与心理干预

目的：探讨首发精神分裂症患者家属的家庭负担及心理干预的效果。方法：将141例首发精神分裂症患者的156名家属随机分为心理干预组和非心理干预组各78例,分别在患者入院时和出院时采用症状自评量表进行评定。结果：研究组及对照组在其患者入院时症状自评量表评定结果与国内常模比较,各因子差异均有显著性（P〈0．05或0．01）;两组家属在其患者出院时症状自评量表评分与人院时症状自评量表减分率差异均有显著性（P〈0．05或0．01）。两组家属出院时症状自评量表评分与常模比较,有显著差异的因子数研究组少于对照组。结论：首发精神分裂症患者家属的家庭负担较重,应进行心理干预。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.