经自制硬直镜行肺肿瘤切除术——附22例报告

目的：介绍一种新的微创技术－经自制硬直镜行肺肿瘤切除术。方法：总结分析１９９３年３月￣１９９３年３月采用本法完成的肺楔型切除术１８例，左肺下叶切除术１例，右肺中下叶切除术１例，右肺下叶背段切除术１例，纵隔肿瘤切除术１例的临床资料。结果：手术切口长４￣８ｃｍ，手术时间１５￣３０ｍｉｎ，术中出血２０￣５０ｍｌ，均未输血，无术后并发症，术后平均住院时间８．５天（不包括肺叶切除者）。结论：与标准剖胸手术相     

隆突、支气管成形肺切除术12例报告

 本文报告隆突支气管成形肺切除治疗晚期中心型肺癌12例,术后随访中3例分别于1.5,1.9,1.8年死于复发转移,9例健在,最长生存5年,平均28.8个月。对其手术要点、呼吸管理及术后并发症作了讨论,认为这一手术方式对年龄大,心肺功能差,既往需根治性全肺切除的病例有重要意义。     

电视纵隔镜术诊治胸部肿瘤28例

自2001年11月至2003年8月，我们为28例术前未能明确病理诊断的胸部肿块患者施行了电视纵隔镜术(Videomediastinoseopy)，现总结分析如下。     

应用腔内直线切割吻合器行直肠下段肿瘤局部切除术32例报告

常见的直肠下段肿瘤有单发直肠息肉、直肠类癌、早期直肠癌等,均可行局部切除而获得满意的临床疗效。传统的局部切除方法,对于良性病变采用钳夹切除或分离切除后行直肠粘膜缝合;恶性病变则于肿瘤外行部分肠壁全层切除;病变部位较高则需开腹手术。我科自1997年1月～1999年9月应用腔内直线切割吻合器(ＥＴＢ45)行直肠下段肿瘤局部切除术32例,取得良好的临床效果,现报告如下。一、材料与方法1临床资料:本组男20例,女12例。年龄30～82岁,平均55岁。直肠单发腺瘤样息肉17例,病变直径1～4ｃｍ;类癌10例中,病变直径0.8～1ｃｍ者8例,直径1.2,2ｃｍ各…     

全肺切除术治疗肺癌的临床分析

目的 :探讨全肺切除治疗原发性支气管肺癌的临床价值。方法 :对我院 1987年 4月～ 1997年 3月行全肺切除治疗原发性支气管肺癌 186例作回顾性总结。结果 :全肺切除术占同期肺癌外科手术的 13 5 % ,手术死亡率为 2 7% ,心包内处理肺血管占 30 1% ,术后 1、3、5年生存率分别为 81 2 %、39 8%和 2 0 4 %。结论 :全肺切除可作为中晚期肺癌的外科治疗的有效方法之一 ,心包内处理肺血管能提高手术的切除率。     

经心包肺切除术302例分析

目的：提高中晚期中央型肺癌的手术切除率,降低肺结核手术难度。方法：对302例行心包内肺切除术患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,对242例肺癌患者随访。结果：无手术死亡,围手术期内死亡3例,出现并发症150例,1、3和5年生存率分别为80．99％（196／242）、37．91％（69／182）和23．42％（26／111）。其中2例生存10年,1例生存14年。结论：中晚期肺癌或肺结核毁损患者心包外处理肺血管行肺切除困难时,切开心包处理肺血管,有利于安全地切除病肺,可明显提高中晚期肺癌切除率,延长生存期或改善生活质量。     

经胸骨正中切口双侧肺肿瘤同期切除术的进一步配对研究─—附5例报告

经胸骨正中切口双肺肿瘤同期切除术５例，配以经典的单侧后外侧切口肺切除术５例，采用ＰＥＭＳ２．０统计软件包，配对比较了两种术式在下述几方面的差异；（１）两种术式对术后连续７天的ＰＯ２与ＰＣＯ２的影响基本一致，主要表现在术后第二天ＰＯ２的稍微下降，但两组之间的差异在统计学上没有显著性意义：（２）两种术式在手术时间，术后住院天数和生活质量等方面也不存在显著性差异。这些结果提示，病人能很好耐受双侧肺同期部分切除术。接受这一术式之后还可再次安全地接受第二次肺手术。本研究组的中位生存期已超过１２个月，生存期最长的已超过３年。因此，无论从治疗效果还是从经济角度来看，在治疗双肺多发转移癌上，经胸骨正中切口双肺肿瘤同期切除术值得倡导与推广。     

肾上腺肿瘤切除术15例报告

肾上腺手术由于解剖位置和其生理功能特殊,术前诊断及术中处理较复杂,目前开展此项手术有一定手术死亡率.因此,如何提高手术安全性,是影响疗效的关键.作者就本院1997年7月至2000年11月期间收治的各类肾上腺肿瘤15例的诊治情况总结报告,并对术前诊断、预防术中意外和相关血管损伤的体会进行分析讨论.     

侵犯胸壁179例非小细胞肺癌的外科治疗

目的观察近10年侵犯胸壁的非小细胞肺癌(non-smallcelllungcarci-noma,NSCLC)外科治疗的疗效。方法1981年1月~2000年12月,2136例NSCLC侵犯胸壁179例(8.4%),均行手术治疗,不包括肺上沟瘤、侵犯膈肌和纵隔。结果2例(1.1%)术后死亡,5例(2.8%)严重并发症。1981~1990年,107例患者中,19例剖胸探查,79例根治性切除(ⅡB期48例,ⅢA期31例),根治性切除5年生存率15.1%(ⅡB期24%,ⅢA期为0),3年生存率为16%。1991~2000年,72例患者中,3例剖胸探查,4例胸腔镜检查,65例根治行切除(ⅡB期37例,ⅢA期28例),5年生存率为51%(ⅡB期80%,ⅢA期9.1%)。结论近10年死亡率较低,生存期明显改善,侵犯胸壁的NSCLC主张根治性切除。     

Broadening horizons of neuroendoscopy with a variable-view rigid endoscope: An anatomical study

Aim

To test the versatility and usefulness of a prototype rigid endoscope with a continuously variable-view-angle tip (Endochamaeleon, Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany) with regard to field of vision and applicability for endoscopic assisted neurosurgery.

Methods

In five formaldehyde fixed specimens frontolateral and retrosigmoid approaches were prepared on both sides and five target positions of the endoscopes tip were defined. A rigid 4 mm endoscope, which offers in one plane a viewing range of approximately −10° to +120° by turning a proximal knob coupled to fine distal optomechanics was compared to 0°, 45°, and 70° rigid endoscopes. The visualizable neuroanatomical structures were assessed for each position, endoscope angle, and plane of view as well as the over-all visibility of neuroanatomical structures and the time factor.

Results

1905 recorded images of 1800 different views were analyzed. The EC offers a variable angle of view in one plane without need to change the endoscope position. This feature is well suited for inspection of functionally delicate areas at the skull base. The maximum number of visible structures for each position was only seen with the EC. Endoscopic exploration was significantly less time consuming with the EC than with the other endoscopes.

Conclusion

The EC provided superior usability and visualization potential compared to standard rigid endoscopes with fixed angulation. It combines the ergonomic and safety advantage of not having to insert endoscopes with different angles with the opportunity to “scan” the surgical field with a variable angle of 0°–120° within one plane of view.     

肺癌肉瘤临床分析(附11例报告)

目的　提高肺癌肉瘤的诊治水平。方法　通过收集我院 2 2年中 1 1例经病理证实的肺癌肉瘤的分析 ,结合文献复习 ,对肺癌肉瘤的组织发生、病理、临床特征、诊断、治疗以及预后进行讨论。结果　肺癌肉瘤是一种罕见的既有癌又有肉瘤两种成分的复合性肿瘤。临床上分为中央型和周围型两种。前者肺肿块位于肺门部 ,生长缓慢 ,转移晚 ;后者肿块位于边缘部 ,生长迅速 ,早期发生转移。结论　肺癌肉瘤常易误诊 ,预后差。首选治疗为手术切除。     

直径≤10mm的小肺癌33例外科治疗体会

为了探讨小肺癌的临床特点及手术治疗,提高肺癌早期诊断水平,回顾性分析手术治疗最大直径≤10 mm的33例小肺癌患者的临床资料,总结外科治疗体会。结果无1例术前明确诊断,术中冷冻良恶性确诊率100%。腺癌19例,肺泡癌8例,鳞癌5例,小细胞癌1例。病理分期T1N0M024例,T2N0M05例,T1N0M03例,T2N0M01例。初步研究结果提示,≤10 mm的小肺癌病变进展慢,以腺癌和肺泡癌为主,临床及影像特征不明显,术中冷冻是可靠的诊断方法,手术方式以肺叶切除+淋巴结廓清为宜,纵隔淋巴结转移较少见。     

Lung cancer survival in England: trends in non-small-cell lung cancer survival over the duration of the National Lung Cancer Audit

Background:

In comparison with other European and North American countries, England has poor survival figures for lung cancer. Our aim was to evaluate the changes in survival since the introduction of the National Lung Cancer Audit (NLCA).

Methods:

We used data from the NLCA to identify people with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and stratified people according to their performance status (PS) and clinical stage. Using Cox regression, we calculated hazard ratios (HRs) for death according to the year of diagnosis from 2004/2005 to 2010; adjusted for patient features including age, sex and co-morbidity. We also assessed whether any changes in survival were explained by the changes in surgical resection rates or histological subtype.

Results:

In this cohort of 120 745 patients, the overall median survival did not change; but there was a 1% annual improvement in survival over the study period (adjusted HR 0.99, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.98–0.99). Survival improvement was only seen in patients with good PS and early stage (adjusted HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95–0.99) and this was partly accounted for by changes in resection rates.

Conclusion:

Survival has only improved for a limited group of people with NSCLC and increasing surgical resection rates appeared to explain some of this improvement.     

电视胸腔镜手术治疗老年肺癌151例临床分析

目的 探讨胸腔镜手术治疗老年肺癌患者的可行性及应用价值.方法 回顾分析151例70岁以上老年肺癌施行胸腔镜肺癌根治手术的临床资料.结果 全组无手术死亡,并发症发生率18.5%(28/151).其中心律失常12例,肺部感染9例,肺不张3例,切口感染2例.结论 对于老年肺癌患者在严格掌握手术适应证及充分围手术期处理的前提下,采用胸腔镜手术行肺叶切除及淋巴结清扫,是安全可行的,可以降低并发症发生率,提高老年肺癌的治疗效果.     

序贯性化疗、放疗和手术切除治疗肺尖癌28例分析

目的 探讨肺尖癌的综合治疗模式。方法 回顾分析我院1989年1月～1997年1月应用化疗(2个周期)、放疗(30～40Gy)加扩大性手术切除治疗肺尖癌28例。结果 化、放疗后CR 6例,PR 18例,MR 4例,总有效率为85.0％。全组出现并发症6例,肿块中心癌细胞变形和残存22例。纵隔淋巴结癌细胞阳性3例。全部达到根治性切除。术后5年生存率为42.8％(12/28)。结论 化疗可以杀灭部分癌细胞,消灭微小转移灶,对放疗起到增敏作用,放疗可以使局部病灶缩小,使患者的TNM分期提前。因此,序惯性化疗、放疗加扩大性手术切除应作为肺尖癌治疗的首选方案。     

Surgical Treatment and Prognosis of Synchronous Double Primary Lung Cancer： a Report of 31 Cases

OBJECTIVE The concept of double primary lung cancer （DPLC） has been generally accepted. Recently, an increasing incidence of synchronous DPLC has been reported, while the diagnostic standard and treatment strategies remain to be improved. This study was conducted to investigate effective surgical treatment and prognosis of synchronous DPLC. METHODS From January 1983 to April 2004, 31 patients with synchronous DPLC were operated in our department. Clinical data, such as surgical pattern, postoperative complications, and survival status, of all these patients were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS The 31 patients with synchronous DPLC accounted for 0.67% of all the 4,649 patients operated for primary lung cancer in our department during the same period. Both tumors of the synchronous DPLC were resected with Iobectomy or pneumonectomy in 12 patients, while among the other 19 patients at least 1 tumor was treated with partial pulmonary resection. The postoperative morbidity was 29%（9/31）, including 1 case of respiratory insufficiency, 3 cases of atelectasis, 2 cases of atrial fibrillation, 1 case of haemoptysis, 1 case of pleural effusion, and 1 case of wound fat necrosis. No deaths occurred during the operations or within 30 days postoperatively. The postoperative 1 -, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 52%, 29%, and 20%, respectively. CONCLUSION The incidence of synchronous DPLC is low. An aggressive and reasonable surgical approach can achieve a satisfactory outcome in patients with synchronous DPLC. The postoperative morbidity is low. Some patients might achieve long-term survival.     

气管支气管类癌20例

目的 了解气管、支气管类癌的临床生物学特性,探讨合理的手术指征及术式。方法 对20例气管、支气管类癌患者的外科治疗结果进行综合分析。结果 气管、支气管炎癌的临床特点和一般肺癌相比缺乏特征性表现,免疫组化结果提示其为神经内分泌细胞来源。20例均予以手术切除,根治性切除率95．0％,手术并发症发生率10．0％。术后病理报告典型类癌13例,淋巴结转移率为23．1％,;不典型类癌7例,淋巴结转移率为3／7。13例典型类癌的5,10,15年生存率分别为100．0％、7／8及3／4。7例不典型类癌中,6例存活患者术后尚未满5年,1例术后2年余死于远处转移。结论 手术切除是治疗类癌的主要手段。手术指征不应限于Ⅲa期及分期较早患者,对可能切净的Ⅲb期患者也应尽早手术。术式的选择应主要考虑患者的年龄及肺功能状况,对年龄、肺功能正常者,应以手术根治性为目的,否则应选择保守术式。     

小肠原发性恶性肿瘤72例临床分析

1984～1999年山东省肿瘤医院收治的72例小肠原发性恶性肿瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。肿瘤部位和手术方式。结果提示,20例行Χ线胃肠钡剂造影检查,诊断准确率达80%。腺癌1、3、5年生存率分别为53.3%(16/30)、26.7%(8/30)和13.3%(4/30);平滑肌肉瘤1、3、5年生存率分别为85.7%(24/28)、71.4%(20/28)和42.9%(12/28);恶性淋巴瘤1、3、5年生存率分别为40.0%(4/10)、20.0%(2/10)和0(0/10)。十二指肠肿瘤1、3、5年生存率分别为66.7%(12/18)、33.3%(6/18)和0(0/18);空肠肿瘤1、3、5年生存率分别为85.7%(24/28)、57.0%(16/28)和42.9%(12/28);回肠肿瘤1、3、5年生存率分别为53.8%(14/26)、30.8%(8/26)和15.4%(4/26)。根治性切除术后1、3、5年生存率分别为80.0%(32/40)、65.0%(26/40)和45.0%(18/40),姑息性切除术后1、3、5年生存率分别为50.0%(8/16),37.5%(6/16)和12.5%(2/16)。回顾分析结果提示,Χ线胃肠钡剂检查是最有价值的诊断方法。根治性手术是最有效的治疗手段。影响小肠原发性恶性肿瘤患者预后的因素有组织学类型、肿瘤部位和手术方式。