深低温停循环选择性脑灌注技术在主动脉瘤手术中的应用

目的探讨深低温停循环选择性脑灌注技术在主动脉瘤手术中的应用,为以后的临床治疗提供经验。方法分析20例主动脉瘤患者行主动脉弓部手术资料,术中采用深低温停循环选择性脑灌注技术。结果手术中体外循环时间(220.87±83.70)min;心肌阻断时间(125.26±72.30)min;最长停循环时间66min,平均(32.89±12.80)min;最低鼻咽温16.2℃。术后清醒时间(6.12±1.85)h,呼吸机辅助呼吸时间(24.30±15.38)h。术后死亡3例。结论深低温停循环选择性脑灌注技术在主动脉瘤手术中的应用可以提高手术成功率,提供有效的脑保护,减少术后并发症。     

主动脉全弓替换加“象鼻”支架术的体外循环管理体会

目的 探讨主动脉全弓替换加“象鼻”支架术的体外循环方法.方法 回顾性分析2008年3月至2011年9月本院完成的21例主动脉全弓替换加支架“象鼻”的手术资料.其中急诊手术15例,择期手术6例.CPB均采用中度血液稀释;深低温停循环加选择性流量脑灌注,头部冰帽脑保护.结果 CPB时间:(151.5±34.5)分钟,阻断时间:(124.5±36.5)分钟,停循环时间:(42±10)分钟;术后24小时出血死亡1例,术后1周凝血功能下降出血死亡1例;术后肾功能衰竭2例;大面积脑梗1例,短暂性神经系统功能异常1例;右手肢体活动障碍1例;余顺利出院.结论主动脉全弓替换加支架“象鼻”手术中应用深低温停循环、选择性脑灌注及多种脑保护、血液保护措施可成功保障手术安全,其中正确选择插管方式及良好的温度管理可有效减少术后并发症.     

脑保护灌注技术在胸主动脉瘤外科手术中的应用

目的：研究胸主动脉瘤外科手术实施脑保护临床意义。方法：胸主动脉瘤手术患者7例，男5例，女2例，病变种类有Debakey Ⅰ型4例、Ⅱ型1例、Ⅲ型1例、主动脉弓动脉瘤1例。术中均实施脑保护措施，其中应用深低温停循环者2例，深低温停循环＋上腔静脉逆行灌注者1例，深低温停循环＋左右颈总动脉灌注者4例。心肌保护均应用4：1冷氧合血停搏液经主动脉根部或经冠状动脉窦顺行间断灌注。结果：成活至今6例，因吻合口渗血1例于术后2小时死亡，术后4—6h清醒5例，1例清醒时间延长。体外循环时间111—420min，平均193min；主动脉阻断时间58—154min，平均82min；颈总动脉灌注时间26—68min，平均48rain；上腔静脉逆行灌注时间53min。4例自动复跳。结论：胸主动脉瘤外科手术特别是弓部手术的脑保护是手术成功的重要环节之一；深低温停循环＋双侧颈总动脉灌注、深低温停循环＋上腔静脉逆行灌注、深低温停循环技术均能有效保护脑功能，提高手术成功率。     

深低温停循环在心血管手术中的应用

目的探讨深低温停循环技术在心脏大血管手术中的应用价值.方法体外循环开始后经血液和体表降温至鼻咽温14.4～20℃ ,停止体外循环,2例患者行上腔静脉逆行灌注,时间分别为21、36min.结果 5例患者体外循环时间169～230min,停循环时间14～62 min,全麻清醒时间术后3h 55min～4h 35min,无神经系统并发症.结论深低温停循环技术在心脏大血管手术中的脑保护安全、有效,同时辅以选择性脑灌注可延长深低温停循环,减少神经系统并发症.     

主动脉瘤手术中脑氧饱和度监测的临床应用

目的探讨主动脉瘤手术患者术中脑氧饱和度的变化与脑部并发症发生的相关性,评价两种脑保护方法的效果。方法30例主动脉瘤手术患者中主动脉夹层Stanford A型24例,Stanford B型4例,升主动脉及主动脉弓部瘤1例,假性胸腹主动脉瘤1例。在深低温停循环（DHCA）合并选择性顺行脑灌注（ASCP）下行主动脉弓部替换22例（ASCP组）;在单纯DHCA下行胸降主动脉替换8例（DHCA组）。于术中应用近红外光谱分析技术（NIRS）进行持续脑氧饱和度（TOI）监测。结果出现脑部并发症患者8例。并发症组与非并发症组术中转机前TOI分别为70％±5％和69％±8％,分别降至58％±8％和55％±8％,两组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。停循环期间DHCA组TOI从77％±6％降至52％±7％,ASCP组TOI从75％±6％降至71％±7％;两组间TOI的下降程度差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论轻度的TOI降低与脑部并发症的发生无明显相关性。DHCA合并ASCP与单纯的DHCA相比,具有更好的脑保护效果。     

上腔静脉逆行灌注脑保护技术在DeBakeyⅠ型夹层主动脉瘤手术中的应用

目的探讨上腔静脉逆行灌注（RCP）脑保护在DeBakeyⅠ型夹层主动脉瘤手术中的效果。方法46例DeBakeyⅠ型夹层主动脉瘤应用深低温停循环（DHCA）上腔静脉逆行灌注（RCP）脑保护技术,施行BemalⅠ加升主动脉远端置换29例（其中加半弓置换4例,全弓置换加术中支架植入4例,全弓置换加术中支架植入加升主动脉无名动脉旁路移植1例）,全弓置换加术中支架植入3例,Cabml加升主动脉远端置换6例（其中2例加全弓置换加术中支架植入）,Wheat手术3例,升主动脉置换5例。结果44例RCP时间21-112min,术后清醒时间为1．5-114h,无神经系统并发症。2例不能脱离体外循环。结论在主动脉瘤手术中采用RCP脑保护,方法简单,易于操作,可相对延长DHCA的安全时限,是行之有效的脑保护方法之一。     

经右腋动脉选择性脑灌注在主动脉夹层手术中的应用

目的总结右腋动脉插管体外循环（ECC）、选择性顺行脑灌注在主动脉夹层手术中应用的初步经验。方法回顾性分析我院2005年1月—2008年7月采用深低温停循环（DHCA）加右腋动脉插管选择性顺行脑灌注（ASCP）手术治疗Ⅰ型主动脉夹层10例。男8例，女2例。年龄24～63岁，平均（41．7±12．0）岁。升主动脉＋全弓置换＋降主动脉术中支架置入术5例。升主动脉＋全弓置换2例，升主动脉＋右半弓置换3例。结果本组主动脉阻断时间83～258min，平均（132．3±52．8）min。深低温停循环时间8～53min，平均（29．10±18．30）min，选择性脑灌注时间8～58min，平均（33．4±18．5）min。手术死亡2例，1例因术中出血、体外循环时间长不能脱机，1例因术后低心排和多脏器功能衰揭，术后暂时性脑损害2例，均治愈出院，无永久性脑损害发生。结论右腋动脉插管灌注和顺行脑灌注在主动脉夹层手术中可提供有效的脑保护，其操作简便、安全。     

深低温停循环行主动脉瘤根治术的脑保护方法

目的:总结深低温停循环主动脉瘤根治术中脑保护的方法,停循环中右锁骨下动脉选择性脑灌注的方法及优点.方法:2003年5月～2004年7例行主动脉瘤根治术中,3例行单纯停循环,4例停循环中右锁骨下动脉选择性脑灌注.结果:3例单纯停循环中有2例出现轻度神经系统症状,予甘露醇、奋乃静等药物后好转,4例采用右锁骨下动脉选择性脑灌注者无明显神经系统异常.结论:深低温停循环主动脉瘤根治术应着重强调循环功能的稳定,限制停循环时间,进行脑保护,并尽可能常规采用右锁骨下动脉选择性脑灌注.     

深低温选择性脑灌注技术在主动脉夹层动脉瘤DeBekeyⅠ型手术中的应用

目的总结32例主动脉瘤行深低温停循环选择性脑灌注技术,为以后的体外配合提供临床经验。方法体外循环中行股动脉右心房插管,全身降温至深低温,停循环经腋动脉行脑部灌注。结果 CPB时间为187-402（212±110）min,主动脉阻断时间为96-217（152±30）min,术后死亡5例,1例术后低心排低血压病重自动出院,26例病人经积极治疗治愈出院。结论主动脉瘤手术技术复杂费时,根据手术需要选择适当的体外循环方法及管理是确保手术成功减少脑、脊髓、肾等重要器管并发症的关键。     

104例胸主动脉瘤手术的体外循环转流经验

目的总结不同胸主动脉瘤手术所采用的体外循环（ECC）策略,探讨深低温停循环（DHCA）期间的重要器官保护方法。方法2005年7月-2011年7月共完成胸主动脉瘤手术共104例,其中,采用中低温ECC完成10例,采用DHCA双侧选择性顺行脑灌注（SACP）技术完成92例,采用常温半身ECC完成手术2例。疾病种类包括DeBakey（Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ）型夹层、真性胸主动脉瘤和假性胸主动脉瘤。结果ECC时间75-371（198±51．25）min,升主动脉阻断时间35-299（125．87±67．88）min,停循环时间29-136（54．87±22．51）min,DHCA时最低鼻咽温度11．6-20（17．08±0．73）℃,常规超滤81例,超滤液量1000-4500ml,常规超滤＋平衡超滤11例,超滤液量5000-7200ml,术中出现“假腔灌注”一例。104例患者手术顺利,安返监护室,术后12-72h清醒,术后早期清醒前出现躁动9例,早期低氧血症18例,肾功能不全13例。99例治愈出院,死亡5例。1例术后死于肾功能衰竭,1例死于肾功能衰竭和脑出血,1例死于术后上消化道出血及肾功能衰竭,1例死于术后多发性腔隙性脑梗、脑出血及气管食管瘘,1例死于吻合口大出血床旁开胸止血后感染。结论根据胸主动脉瘤发病部位和手术方法不同,应采用不同的ECC方法。灌注师与术者的紧密配合和高水平的ECC管理是手术成功的基础。加强术中重要器官的保护是减少术后并发症和死亡率的关键。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.