应用FRTL-5细胞探索五氯苯酚干扰甲状腺激素作用机制

目的利用FRTL-5细胞,在体外研究五氯苯酚干扰甲状腺激素活性的机制。方法设二甲亚砜溶剂对照组(DMSO);高氯酸钠摄碘阳性对照组;五氯苯酚:0.1μg/ml、0.3μg/ml和0.5μg/ml三个剂量组;五氯苯酚处理FRTL-5细胞24小时,用3H掺入法测其对FRTL-5细胞DNA合成的影响,放免法测其对培养液中甲状腺球蛋白浓度的影响;用五氯苯酚、高氯酸钠处理FRTL-5细胞12和24小时后,用同位素125I测摄碘能力的变化。结果3H掺入法显示五氯苯酚各剂量组对FRTL-5细胞DNA合成无显著影响;放免法显示五氯苯酚0.3μg/ml和0.5μg/ml剂量组显著降低甲状腺球蛋白浓度;五氯苯酚处理FRTL-5细胞12小时后,0.3μg/ml和0.5μg/ml剂量组使FRTL-5细胞摄碘能力显著增强,处理24小时后,FRTL-5细胞摄碘能力无显著改变,但有降低的趋势,高氯酸钠阳性对照组使FRTL-5细胞摄碘能力在12小时和24小时都极显著降低。结论五氯苯酚干扰甲状腺激素作用可能与其使甲状腺球蛋白浓度的改变有关。     

杀草强影响Fischer大鼠甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞甲状腺球蛋白的机制研究

目的 探讨杀草强影响Fischer大鼠甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞(FRTL-5细胞)甲状腺球蛋白(TG)的机制.方法 1、10和100μg/ml杀草强处理FRTL-5细胞后,用3H掺入法测杀草强的细胞毒性;放免法和免疫细胞化学法测杀草强对TG、甲状腺转录因子1(TTF-1)的影响;免疫荧光法检测杀草强对细胞表面促甲状腺素受体(...     

微囊藻毒素-LR对中国仓鼠卵巢细胞中过氧化氢酶活力和丙二醛含量的影响

目的通过检测中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO)细胞中过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力和丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化研究微囊藻毒素-LR(MC-LR)对CHO细胞的氧化应激作用。方法调整CHO细胞密度约为1×105/ml,分别用终浓度为0(对照)、1、5、10、15μg/ml的MC-LR染毒24 h后,采用MTT法测细胞活性,计算半致死效应浓度(EC50)。调整细胞密度约为1×106/ml,分别用终浓度为0(对照)、2.5(1/4 EC50)、5(1/2 EC50)、10μg/m(lEC50)的MC-LR染毒24 h后,测定细胞中CAT活力和MDA含量。结果随着MC-LR染毒浓度的升高,CHO细胞活性呈下降趋势。与对照组相比,1μg/ml染毒组细胞活性降低,但差异无统计学意义;5、10、15μg/ml MC-LR染毒组CHO细胞活性较低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且10μg/ml MC-LR染毒组细胞活性为53.8%,接近50%,故EC50约为10μg/ml。与对照组相比,各浓度MC-LR染毒组CHO细胞内CAT活力较低,MDA含量较高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 MC-LR染毒可使CHO细胞中CAT活力降低,MDA含量升高,提示其对CHO细胞有氧化损伤作用。     

乙烯硫脲对FRTL-5细胞甲状腺球蛋白合成分泌及摄碘功能的影响

目的探讨乙烯硫脲(ETU)对FRTL-5细胞的甲状腺球蛋白(TG)合成分泌和摄碘能力的影响。方法用30、150和270μg/ml乙烯硫脲处理FRTL-5细胞后,用MTT法和3H掺入法测乙烯硫脲的细胞毒性;放免法和免疫细胞化学法测乙烯硫脲对TG合成分泌的影响;RT-PCR检测乙烯硫脲对nis基因和tg基因的影响;同位素示踪法检测对细胞摄碘能力的影响。结果30～270μg/ml乙烯硫脲对FRTL-5细胞无显著细胞毒性。150μg/ml和270μg/ml乙烯硫脲显著降低培养液中TG浓度,对胞浆内TG无显著影响;使nis基因转录显著降低,对tg基因无显著影响;150μg/ml和270μg/ml乙烯硫脲显著降低细胞摄碘能力。结论乙烯硫脲可抑制FRTL-5细胞分泌TG,对TG合成无显著影响;乙烯硫脲各剂量组显著降低nis基因转录,但仅在高剂量组显著降低细胞摄碘能力。     

微囊藻毒素-LR对中国仓鼠卵巢细胞凋亡的影响

目的研究微囊藻毒素-LR(MC-LR)致中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO)细胞的凋亡作用。方法调整CHO细胞密度约为1×105/ml,分别用终浓度为0(对照)、1、5、10、15μg/ml的MC-LR染毒24 h后,采用噻唑兰(MTT),法测细胞活性,计算半致死效应浓度(EC50)。分别用终浓度为0(对照)、2.5μg/m(l1/4 EC50)、5μg/m(l 1/2 EC50)、10μg/m(lEC50)的MC-LR染毒24 h后,测定活性氧(ROS)含量、线粒体膜电位、天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3(caspase-3)的活力和细胞凋亡率。结果与对照组相比,各浓度MC-LR染毒组CHO细胞内ROS含量、caspase-3活力和细胞凋亡率均较高,线粒体膜电位降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);且随着MC-LR染毒浓度的升高,CHO细胞内ROS含量、caspase-3活力和细胞凋亡率均呈上升趋势,线粒体膜电位呈下降趋势。结论 MC-LR暴露可诱导体外培养的CHO细胞发生凋亡。     

三氯乙酸对L-02细胞DNA甲基化转移酶1蛋白及mRNA表达的影响

目的探讨三氯乙酸(TCA)染毒对L-02细胞DNA甲基化转移酶1(DNMT1)蛋白及mRNA表达的影响。方法取处于对数生长期的正常肝细胞(L-02细胞),分别加入含0(对照)、0.1、0.3、0.9 mmo/L TCA的培养液继续培养24、48、72 h,同时,设DNA甲基化酶抑制剂5-氮杂胞苷(5-aza-d C,5μmol/L)处理组,TCA-re组(0.9 mmol/L TCA处理后换正常培养基继续培养24 h)和人肝癌(HepG2)细胞组作为对照。检测细胞DNMT1蛋白和mRNA的表达水平。结果与对照组比较,各浓度TCA染毒组及5-aza-d C处理组、TCA-re组L-02细胞DNMT1 mRNA的表达水平均较低,而HepG2细胞组DNMT1 mRNA的表达水平较高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。与相同剂量TCA染毒24 h比较,各浓度TCA染毒48、72 h后L-02细胞DNMT1 mRNA的表达水平均较低,除0.1、0.9 mmol/L TCA染毒48 h外,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。且随着TCA染毒浓度的升高和染毒时间的延长,L-02细胞DNMT1 mRNA的表达水平均呈下降趋势。与0.9 mmol/L TCA染毒组比较,TCA-re组L-02细胞DNMT1 mRNA的表达水平较高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。与对照组比较,各浓度TCA染毒组及5-aza-d C处理组L-02细胞DNMT1蛋白的表达水平均较低,除0.1 mmol/L TCA染毒24、48 h及0.3mmol/L TCA染毒24 h外,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);而TCA-re组L-02细胞和HepG2细胞组DNMT1蛋白的表达水平均无明显变化。与相同剂量TCA染毒24 h比较,各浓度TCA染毒48、72 h后L-02细胞DNMT1蛋白的表达水平均较低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。除TCA染毒24 h时L-02细胞DNMT1蛋白的表达水平随染毒浓度的升高而呈先升高后下降的趋势外,随着TCA染毒浓度的升高和染毒时间的延长,L-02细胞DNMT1蛋白的表达水平均呈下降趋势。与0.9 mmol/L TCA染毒组比较,TCA-re组L-02细胞DNMT1蛋白表达水平较高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 TCA体外染毒可能通过抑制DNMT1的表达维持或者促进细胞的DNA低甲基化状态。     

微囊藻毒素-LR对体外培养大鼠睾丸支持细胞中活性氧及丙二醛含量的影响

目的研究微囊藻毒素-LR(MC-LR)对大鼠睾丸支持细胞中活性氧(ROS)水平和丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响。方法分离并培养10只健康18～20日龄清洁级雄性SD大鼠睾丸支持细胞。调整细胞密度为1×104～2×104个/ml,在终浓度分别为0(溶剂对照)、0.15、1.5、15μg/L的MC-LR培养液中染毒24h,采用MMT法测定细胞活性。调整细胞密度为2×105～4×105个/ml,在终浓度分别为0(溶剂对照)、0.15、1.5、15μg/L的MC-LR培养液中染毒6、12、24h,检测睾丸支持细胞中ROS和MDA含量。结果与溶剂对照组相比,染毒24h后各MC-LR染毒组细胞活性均有所增加,但差异均无统计学意义。与溶剂对照组比较,染毒6、24h时15μg/LMC-LR染毒组睾丸支持细胞ROS含量较高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。且随着MC-LR染毒剂量的增加和染毒时间的延长,睾丸支持细胞ROS含量呈上升趋势。不同染毒时间各染毒组睾丸支持细胞中MDA含量与溶剂组相比,差异无统计学意义。结论睾丸支持细胞暴露于本实验剂量MC-LR时可引起细胞中ROS含量升高,但不引起睾丸支持细胞MDA含量的改变。     

油烟中细颗粒物致胎鼠肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞氧化应激指标的影响

目的探讨油烟中的细颗粒物(PM2.5)对胎鼠肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞(AECⅡ)的细胞毒性。方法将1只妊娠18d的SPF级ICR小鼠体内的胎鼠肺组织制成AECⅡ细胞悬液。调整细胞浓度为1×106个/ml,分别加入终浓度为0(溶剂对照,DMEM)、25、50、100、200μg/ml的PM2.5(来源于烹调油烟)溶液,培养12、24和48h后进行MTT试验。调整细胞浓度为5×105个/ml,分别加入终浓度为分别为0(溶剂对照,DMSO)、12.5、25和50μg/ml的PM2.5溶液,培养12、24和48h后测定上清液中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、丙二醛(MDA)和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量。结果随着PM2.5染毒浓度的升高和染毒时间的延长,AECⅡ细胞存活率和SOD活力呈下降趋势,MDA含量呈上升趋势;而GSH含量仅随着PM2.5染毒浓度的升高而呈下降趋势。结论油烟中的PM2.5可降低AECⅡ的细胞活力,产生脂质过氧化作用。     

纳米银和银离子对皮肤细胞炎性因子分泌的影响

目的比较纳米银及其释放的银离子对人永生化角质形成(Ha Ca T)细胞炎性因子分泌的影响,并进一步探讨纳米银的吸附作用对炎性因子测定的影响。方法采用不同浓度[0(对照)~100μg/ml]的纳米银染毒Ha Ca T细胞24 h,采用乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放试验测定纳米银的细胞毒性;选择0(对照)、2.5、5、10、20和40μg/ml的纳米银或其释放的银离子[0(对照)、0.05、0.1、0.2、0.4和0.8μg/ml]染毒Ha Ca T细胞24 h,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测细胞培养液中的白细胞介素(IL)-6和IL-8的含量。在无细胞体系中,将终浓度为0(对照)、5、40和100μg/ml的纳米银与IL-6或IL-8标准品溶液混匀静置6 h后离心去除纳米银颗粒,采用ELISA测定上清液中IL-6、IL-8的含量。结果纳米银浓度低于75μg/ml时无明显细胞毒性。与对照组比较,2.5、5、20μg/ml纳米银染毒Ha Ca T细胞IL-6的分泌量和5、10、20μg/ml纳米银染毒Ha Ca T细胞IL-8的分泌量均较高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。与对照组比较,仅0.1、0.8μg/ml银离子染毒Ha Ca T细胞IL-8的分泌量较高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);而各剂量银离子染毒Ha Ca T细胞IL-6的分泌量均无明显改变。在无细胞体系中,与对照组比较,40、100μg/ml纳米银暴露后体系中IL-6的含量和100μg/ml纳米银暴露后体系中IL-8的含量均较低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01,P0.05)。结论本实验条件下低浓度纳米银可诱导Ha Ca T细胞IL-6和IL-8的分泌量增加,其对IL-6分泌量的影响可能与纳米银颗粒密切相关,而对IL-8分泌量的影响可能与悬液中释放的银离子有关;高浓度纳米银对IL-6和IL-8具有吸附性。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.