冠心病介入治疗后再狭窄因素分析

目的 探讨冠心病介入治疗后再狭窄与冠心病易患因素关系。方法 冠心病介入治疗４４０例中,选择连续８４例（１１５个狭窄病变）术后随访冠脉造影复查者,冠脉定量分析（ＱＣＡ）术前、术后和随访复查冠脉造影图象,并分析再狭窄与冠心病易患因素的关系。结果患者６个月再狭窄率为４０．００％,多元回归分析再狭窄发生时间与吸烟史、多个易患因素、多支病变、病变类型和前降支病变呈正性相关,与支架置入呈负性相关。结论 冠心     

无保护左主干病变选择性支架治疗术

目的:评价无保护左主干病变选择性支架置入术的临床疗效.方法:自2002年1月至2005年6月期间,无保护左主干病变患者9例,有3例有急性心肌梗死病史.其中3例合并心功能不全,2例合并慢性肾功能不全.4例为心外科手术禁忌症.结果:9例患者均成功置入支架,即刻成功率100%.5例置入金属裸支架(BMS),4例置入药物洗脱支架(3例为Firebird药物洗脱支架,1例为CYPHER-select药物洗脱支架).置入支架直径为3.0～4.0mm,长度为8～25mm.3例左主干分叉病变使用双支架对吻技术同时扩张支架.术后随访1～42个月.5例置入BMS患者,2例随访期间出现心脏事件,其中1例(11%)置入BMS支架患者术后2个月死于左心室功能不全;1例左主干远端分叉病变使用双支架对吻技术的患者,术后2个月因心绞痛复查造影提示前降支起始部出现90%再狭窄;另3例目前无临床症状.4例置入药物洗脱支架患者,目前均无临床症状,其中1例左主干远端分叉病变使用双支架对吻技术患者,术后1年复查冠状动脉造影无再狭窄.结论:选择性无保护左主干病变支架治疗是安全的,近期临床疗效确切,与BMS比较,药物洗脱支架可进一步降低再狭窄发生率.     

EXCEL支架对急性冠脉综合征患者血浆可溶性CD40配体变化的影响

目的研究急性冠脉综合征患者血浆可溶性CD40配体变化及可降解涂层药物洗托支架（EXCEL支架）对血浆可溶性CD40配体的影响。方法选择我院2004年1月～2007年1月接受裸支架（BMS）及药物支架（EXCEL支架）治疗并且进行冠状动脉造影随诊的200例急性冠脉综合征患者,随机分为对照组（BMS）和试验组（EXCEL支架）,每组100例。测定术后1个月、3个月、6个月时血浆可溶性CD40配体的水平。结果200例患者（男性120例,女性80例）280个靶病变接受治疗并完成冠状动脉造影随诊。术后1个月、3个月的血浆可溶性CD40水平两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,6个月时血浆可溶性CD40水平两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论EXCEL支架可降低血浆可溶性CD40配体,适度内皮化,减少再狭窄及迟发血栓形成。     

国产生物可降解涂层雷帕霉素药物支架临床应用长期随访观察

目的：观察国产生物可降解涂层雷帕霉素洗脱支架治疗冠心病原发病变的长期有效性和安全性。方法：88例冠心病住院患者经单一国产生物可降解涂层雷帕霉素洗脱支架介入治疗,并予长期随访。主要研究终点为术后1年的主要不良心脏事件,次要研究终点为术后长期随访中的各种不良事件及平均14个月冠脉造影判定的支架内再狭窄发生率。结果：88例患者105处病变共植入131枚支架,术后1年内有3例患者复发心绞痛住院,复查造影2例证实为支架内再狭窄,1年主要心脏不良事件发生率为3.4%;术后平均随访22个月,其中2例患者非心源性死亡,2例心源性死亡,无美国学术研究联合会（ARC）定义的血栓事件发生;31例（35%）患者（45处病变）术后平均14个月接受冠脉造影复查,定量冠脉造影测量4处靶病变再狭窄,再狭窄率为8.8%。结论：国产生物可降解涂层雷帕霉素药物支架用于冠状动脉原发病变的介入治疗是有效且安全的。     

紫杉醇洗脱支架治疗冠状动脉硬化性心脏病近期效果

目的评价紫杉醇洗脱支架（PES,商品名TAXUS）治疗冠状动脉硬化性心脏病患者的近期效果及安全性.方法对2003年7月至2004年11月在我院接受PES植入治疗的300例患者的即刻疗效和随访结果进行总结与分析.结果300例患者共处理350处病变,植入支架355枚,其中B2型以上复杂病变248处（70.9%）,小管径支架（2.50～2.75 mm）94处（26.5%）、长支架（＞20 mm）130处（36.6%）;术中未发生严重并发症,手术成功率100%.随访250例（83.3%）,平均随访6个月（1～15个月）,8例（2.7%）患者有心绞痛样发作,其中2例冠状动脉造影复查无支架再狭窄病变,1例于术后5个月发生心肌梗死,2例因非心源性因素死亡.结论PES治疗冠状动脉硬化性心脏病近期效果明显,且较为安全.     

国产生物可降解涂层雷帕霉素洗脱支架的临床研究

目的观察国产生物可降解涂层雷帕霉素洗脱支架植入后的有效性和安全性。方法连续观察169例冠心病住院患者病情变化,常规进行冠状动脉造影及支架植入。主要观察术后（14．0±7．4）个月无主要不良心脏事件（MACE）生存率,术后急性、亚急性及晚期迟发支架血栓发生率,以及术后6～12个月冠脉造影随访。结果169例患者214支血管247处病变共植入287枚支架。术后（14．0±7．4）个月无MACE生存率98．8％;可能的亚急性支架血栓发生率0．6％,晚期迟发支架血栓发生率0．6％。术后乱12个月冠状动脉造影随访的支架再狭窄为0。结论国产生物可降解涂层雷帕霉素药物支架用于冠状动脉病变的介入治疗是有效且安全的。     

冠脉内支架置入术治疗急性心肌梗死48例临床观察

目的：研究急性心肌梗死（AMI）时冠脉内支架置入术的疗效。方法：回顾性总结48例AMI患者的冠脉内支架置入术资料和随访资料。结果：48例患者中单支病变28例，双支病变15例，多支病变5例。共置入支架63只，成功率100％，置入支架的血管中，前降支（LAD）31例35只，左回旋支（LCX）12例13只．右冠脉（RCA）12例15只。1例心源性休克成功置入支架后休克渐纠正。随访1～12个月，2例复发心绞痛．其余病例无心脏事件发生。结论：AMI行冠脉内支架是安全有效的，早期效果好而且可降低再狭窄发生率。     

雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架的早中期安全性及有效性评价

目的评价雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架（drug—elutingstent,DES）在冠脉病变介入治疗后的安全性与有效性。方法从2009年1月1日-2011年11月1日期间在我院心血管内科行冠状动脉造影并置入雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架的患者中随机筛选500例,按随访时间将其分为术后1年随访组（130例）、术后3年随访组（139例）2组。采用电话随访或门诊检查,必要时复查冠脉造影观察在支架置入后不良心血管事件发生情况及靶血管复查造影情况。结果两组不良心血管事件总体发生率有统计学差异（3．25％VS13．28％,P=0．04）,其中靶病变血运重建发生率（2．44％VS8．59％,P=0．03）有统计学意义,而心源性死亡发生率f0．81％vs2．34％,P=0．64）和非致死性心肌梗死发生率（0．00％阳2．34％,P=0．26）无统计学差异;两组造影复查支架再狭窄率（4．88％瑚14．84％,P=0．008）有统计学意义。结论支架置入术术后3年与术后1年相比有较高的靶血管血运重建率及支架再狭窄率。     

国产药物洗脱支架在急性冠脉综合征中的应用

目的：探讨国产药物洗脱支架（Firebird支架）在急性冠脉综合征急诊介入治疗中应用的安全性和有效性.方法：2004年10月～2005年7月间治疗急性冠脉综合征患者86例,所有患者均于发病12h内行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）.治疗时随机置入Firebird支架或Cypher支架.Firebird支架组46例,Cypher支架组40例.结果：86例患者急诊PCI治疗均获得成功.Firebird组46支罪犯血管置入53枚Firebird支架,Cypher组40支罪犯血管置入49枚Cypher支架.其中1例置入Cypher支架者术后出现脑出血而死亡.Firebird支架组和Cypher支架组比较,PCI术后TIMI3级率和并发症发生率无显著性差异.对85例患者进行了3～6个月的随访,两组患者均未发生任何心血管事件,术后6个月Firebird支架组有20例（43%）行冠状动脉造影检查,无一例发生支架内再狭窄;Gypher支架组有19例（49%）行冠状动脉造影检查,1例发生支架内再狭窄,两组再狭窄率无显著性差异.结论：Firebird支架在急性冠脉综合征急诊介入治疗中应用有较好的安全性和有效性.     

冠状动脉内支架再狭窄相关因素的研究

目的：探讨冠状动脉内支架再狭窄的相关因素,方法：收集行冠状动脉支架术和随访冠脉造影的病例1012例,按随访结果分为支架再狭窄线338例,无再狭窄组674例,并分别进行单因素和多因素分析,比较两组病人临床,病变特征及手术操作相关参数。结果：再狭窄危险性增高的因素包括糖尿病,高血压,复杂病变（B2／C）,慢性阻塞性病变,再狭窄病变,长病变,小血管病变,重度狭窄病变和长段支架置入,其相对应的比数比（Odds Ratio)分别为1．42,1．21,1.39,1.84,1.35,1.76,1.92,1.22,1.82,置入Multilink支架相对于Palmaz-Schatz,Wiktor,NIR,S670,Bestent支架再狭窄的危险性减少（OR为0．85）,结论：应结合患者的临床特点,病变特征选择冠脉内支架置入的适应征和适当类型的支架。     

A single center investigation of bare-metal or drug-eluting stent restenosis from 1633 consecutive Chinese Han ethnic patients

Background Stents are widely used in China but the clinical impression is somehow that restenosis is less common because of the lower prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) and associated risk factors in Chinese populations. However, no large-sample published studies are available on angiographic stent restenosis including those of bare-metal stent (BMS) or drug-eluting stent (DES) in Chinese Han ethnic population.Mothods A total of 1633 consecutive patients with CAD who had undergone coronary stenting, quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) were retrospectively studied. At the time of stent implantation and at 7 months post-stenting 675 patients had a follow-up angiography. Statistical analysis was made with the chi-square test for categorical variables, unpaired t test for continuous variables, univariate or multivariate regression for baseline and angiographic characteristics and the Kaplan-Meier method for rate of target lesion revascularization (TLR).Results Stent restenosis was defined as ≥50% diameter stenosis in the dilated segment. A total of 675 patients with 1074 lesions were subjected to angiographic follow-up for 7 months on average. Of these lesions, 448 were implanted with BMS whereas 626 lesions with DES. At 7 months, bare-metal in-stent restenosis occured in 148 lesions (33.0%), and bare metal in-segment restenosis in 155 lesions (34.6%) in contrast to drug-eluting in-stent restenosis in 48 lesions (7.7%) and drug-eluting in-segment restenosis in 73 lesions (11.7%) (P<0.001 compared with BMS respectively). Late loss in both in-stent and in segment was higher in BMS than in DES groups [(1.00±0.69) vs (0.28±0.52); (0.78±0.71) vs (0.21±0.52), P<0.001 respectively]. Angulated lesion, lesion length, pre-procedural minimal luminal diameter (MLD), and BMS were independent predictors for TLR, (P<0.01 respectively), whereas current smoker, ostial lesion, and stent overlapping, post-procedure in-stent MLD, lesion length, and stent types were independent predictors for in-segment restenosis (P<0.01 respectively). Standard coronary risk factors such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and history of CAD were not associated with a higher rate of restenosis caused by BMS or DES implantation in our Chinese Han ethnic population.Conclusions Coronary stenting including BMS or DES implantation in Chinese Han ethnic patients is associated with a restenosis rate comparable to that demonstrated in previous studies from the western countries, and predictors of stent restenosis are somehow different from those in the western population.     

紫杉醇洗脱支架治疗冠状动脉硬化性心脏病近期效果

目的 评价紫杉醇洗脱支架(PES,商品名TAXUS)治疗冠状动脉硬化性心脏病患者的近期效果及安全性。方法 对2003年7月至2004年11月在我院接受PES植入治疗的300例患者的即刻疗效和随访结果进行总结与分析。结果 300例患者共处理350处病变,植入支架355枚,其中B2型以上复杂病变248处(70.9%),小管径支架(2.50~2.75mm)94处(26.5%)、长支架(>20mm)130处(36.6%);术中未发生严重并发症,手术成功率100%。随访250例(83.3%),平均随访6个月(1~15个月),8例(2.7%)患者有心绞痛样发作,其中2例冠状动脉造影复查无支架再狭窄病变,1例于术后5个月发生心肌梗死,2例因非心源性因素死亡。结论 PES治疗冠状动脉硬化性心脏病近期效果明显,且较为安全。     

雷帕霉素洗脱支架治疗冠心病的近期疗效研究

目的评价冠心病患者接受雷帕霉素洗脱支架(SES)的近斯安全性及有效性。方法对160例接受雷帕霉素洗脱支架植入术患者实施即刻疗效和临床随访。结果160例中共处理病变210处,植入支架216枚。其中B2型以上复杂病变145处(69.0%),小管径支架(2.5mm~2.75mm)44例(27.5%),长支架58例(36.3%),术中无严重并发症发生,手术成功率100%。130例(81.3%)随访1~17个月,6例患者类似胸痛发作,其中3例复查了冠状动脉造影,无支架及节段内再狭窄,未发生心肌梗死及死亡。结论雷帕霉素洗脱支架治疗冠心病患者近期疗效安全有效。     

Drug-eluting stent for the treatment of small coronary lesion: comparison between sirolimus- and paclitaxel-eluting stent

Background  Patients with small coronary lesions are at increased risk for repeat interventions after coronary angioplasty and stenting. The efficacy of drug-eluting stents (DES) has been demonstrated to improve the outcomes of these patients and is a focus of interest. Currently, two platforms of DES are available (sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) and paclitaxel-eluting stent (PES)). However, it has less been known that DES, SES vs PES, is superior for the treatment of small coronary lesions.
Methods  In this retrospective study, 87 consecutive patients with 151 lesions underwent implantation of coronary SES (n=68) and PES (n=83). Quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) was performed at the time of stent implantation and subsequently at 8 months post-stenting. Small vessel disease was defined as lesions in vessels with diameter 2.5 mm measured by QCA. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) including death, thrombosis, nonfatal myocardial infarction and target lesion revascularization (TLR) were compared between the two groups.
Results  Baseline clinical characteristics and angiographic parameters were similar between the two groups. At clinical and angiographic follow-up, overall thrombosis rates were similar in both groups (0 vs 1.2%, P>0.05). The TLR and in-segment restenosis were not significantly different (19.1% vs 25.3%; 10.3% vs 10.8%, P=0.365 and P=0.913 respectively) between the two groups. The in-stent restenosis rate, however, was significantly higher in the PES group (4.4% vs 21.7%; P=0.002). Similarly, the late loss was significantly higher in the PES group ((0.140.38) mm vs (0.490.61) mm; P<0.001).
Conclusions  In this small sample-size, non-randomized study, the data indicated that implantation of SES for the treatment of patients with small coronary lesion showed more favorable results in respect of restenosis compared with PES implantation.

     

冠状动脉完全闭塞的介入治疗

目的　探讨应用经皮冠状动脉成形术 (PTCA)及支架植入术治疗冠状动脉完全闭塞病变的成功率和疗效。方法　 48例冠状动脉完全闭塞的患者 ,造影显示单支病变 2 9例 ,双支病变 14例 ,三支病变 5例 ;完全闭塞的病变中 ,前降支 2 7支 ,回旋支 4支 ,右冠状动脉 17支。先对完全闭塞病变进行PTCA ,而后根据情况植入冠状动脉内支架。结果　 48例完全闭塞病变扩张成功 43例 ,成功率 89.6 %。扩张成功的 43例病变植入支架 40例 ,植入率为93%。 1例患者出现少量心包积血 ,其余病例术中及术后均无并发症。结论　冠状动脉内支架的植入有助于提高完全闭塞病变PTCA治疗的疗效 ,降低再狭窄率 ,具有较高的安全性     

Long-term outcomes following drug-eluting stent implantation in unprotected left main bifurcation lesions

Background The safety and efficacy of drug-eluting stents （DES） implantation in unprotected left main （LM） bifurcation lesions has yet to be determined. The aim of the present report was to evaluate the long-term outcome following implantation of DES in unprotected LM bifurcation lesions. Methods We identified 70 consecutive patients treated with DES in unprotected LM bifurcation lesions from April 2003 to January 2005. Of them, 42 patients were treated with sirolimus-eluting stent （SES） and 28 patients were treated with paclitaxel-eluting stent （PES）. Results Stents to the left anterior descending and to the circumflex were implanted in 62 patients. During 1-year follow-up, 3 （4.3%） patients died of cardiac causes. One of them had myocardial infarction and adjudicated as possibly due to stent thrombosis. Angiographic follow-up was available in 80% of patients. The per lesion restenosis rate was 13.4% in the entire cohort, of which 10.7% occurred in lesions treated with SES and 16.1% in those treated with PES （P=0.58）. All restenosis was focal and occurred in the lesions treated with a stent with stent size to post-procedural reference vessel diameter ratio 〈1.0 （17.6% vs 0, P=0.04）. The per patient target lesion revascularization rate at 1 year was 17.1%. One year survival free from major adverse cardiac events was 77.1%. Conclusions Treatment of LM bifurcation lesions using DES is a safe and feasible way with a low one-year mortality. The need for revascularization in 17% of patients demands for improvement.     

血管内支架在冠状动脉复杂病变成形术中的临床应用

目的探讨血管内支架在冠状动脉复杂病变成形术中的应用效果及价值.方法对冠心病患者复杂冠状动脉病变在经皮穿刺冠状动脉成形术(PTCA)并发急性血管内闭塞、内膜严重撕裂、术后显著残留狭窄及短期内再狭窄等情况下进行了血管内支架植入术(CASI).结果31例患者CASI均获成功,术后急性血管闭塞和内膜撕裂征象消失,残留狭窄及再狭窄解除,未出现出血和穿刺部位血管并发症及CASI后亚急性血栓形成.随访16例,1例术后13天发生猝死;2例因胸痛复发经造影证实支架血管再狭窄,再次球囊扩张后再狭窄改善;余13例冠状动脉造影示支架血管正常.结论冠心病复杂冠状动脉病变行CASI是解除PTCA急性并发症的安全、有效和可行的方法,并有助于PTCA后再狭窄的防治.     

药物洗脱支架对首诊心内科患者转行冠状动脉搭桥治疗的影响

目的了解药物洗脱支架（DES）对首诊于心内科的冠心病患者转诊行冠状动脉搭桥术（CABG）的影响。方法入选2001年7月1日至2002年6月30日（BMS时代）以及2003年7月1日至2004年6月30日（DES时代）首诊于北京安贞医院心内科并接受经皮冠状动脉介入（PCI）或冠状动脉搭桥（CABG）的2598例患者,分析BMS时代与DES时代患者转行CABG术的临床及冠状动脉病变特征,评价DES对转诊CABG治疗的影响。结果DES时代1333例（80．1％）患者接受PCI治疗,331例（19．9％）患者转行CABG术,BMS时代721例（77．2％）患者接受PCI治疗,213例（22．8％）患者转行CABG术,转诊率下降约12．7％。与BMS时代相比,DES时代左主干病变（1．4％比3．2％,P=0．025）前降支近端（39．8％比44．2％,P=0．047）与弥漫长病变患者（11．2％比19．7％,P=0．021）接受PCI治疗的比例明显增加,但无论是否置入DES,左主干病变、慢性闭塞病变、前降支近段病变以及开口病变的患者仍是接受CABG治疗的最常见冠状动脉病变类型。DES时代接受PCI治疗的患者再次血管重建率明显低于BMS时代（12．7％比7．1％,P〈0．001）。多变量Logistic分析显示,病变血管支数、左主干病变、慢性闭塞病变以及前降支近端病变是选择CABG的主要预测因素。结论DES对冠心病患者血管重建方式及策略产生了一定的影响,在非DES时代需要转诊行CABG治疗的冠状动脉病变,在DES时代接受PCI治疗置入DES。