经皮侧后路椎间孔镜下髓核摘除术对腰椎间盘突出症青少年患者术后疼痛程度改善及JOA评分的影响

目的研究经皮侧后路椎间孔镜下髓核摘除术对腰椎间盘突出症青少年患者术后疼痛程度改善及腰椎功能的影响。方法选取某院腰椎间盘突出症青少年患者68例,按术式不同分组,各34例。对照组给予传统手术,观察组给予经皮侧后路椎间孔镜下髓核摘除术,比较两组手术及恢复情况,并比较手术前后腰椎功能评分量表(JOA)、视觉模拟评分量表(VAS)评分。结果观察组手术时间、住院天数明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组术后1个月、术后半年、术后1年VAS评分低于对照组,JOA评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论经皮侧后路椎间孔镜下髓核摘除术应用于腰椎间盘突出症青少年患者可加快术后恢复,减轻术后疼痛程度,促进腰椎功能恢复。     

经皮椎间孔镜下腰椎间盘髓核摘除术并椎间孔成型术治疗腰椎间盘突出合并侧隐窝狭窄症的疗效观察

目的探讨经皮椎间孔镜下腰椎间盘髓核摘除术(TESSYS)并椎间孔成型术治疗腰椎间盘突出合并侧隐窝狭窄症的临床效果。方法选择腰椎间盘突出合并侧隐窝狭窄症患者共68例,采用TESSYS与椎间孔成型技术,分析并随访治疗效果。结果平均手术时间(57.8±15.9)min,术中出血量(39.3±7.9)ml,未发现患者存在神经损伤、伤口感染、椎旁血肿等并发症。术后VSA评分显著低于术前,且术后1个月VSA评分显著低于术后3天。术后ODI评分均显著低于术前,术后1个月ODI评分显著低于术后3天,术后3个月ODI评分显著低于术后1个月。结论 TESSYS并椎间孔成型术治疗腰椎间盘突出症合并侧隐窝狭窄症疗效显著,创伤小,并发症少,值得临床推广应用。     

经皮椎间孔内镜下靶向穿刺椎间盘切除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的效果

目的探讨经皮椎间孔内镜下靶向穿刺椎间盘切除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效。方法选择94例腰椎间盘突出症患者,均给予经皮椎间孔内镜下靶向穿刺椎间盘切除术治疗。术后半年、1年采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)对患者的腰痛、腿痛进行评价,采用Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)对患者腰部功能进行评价,采用Macnab标准来评估患者临床总优良率,并且统计并发症的发生情况。结果手术用时42~116 min,平均74 min;术中出血量25~55 m L,平均40 m L。术后切口均一期愈合;术后半年、末次随访,患者腰痛VAS评分、腿痛VAS评分、ODI均明显低于术前(P<0.05);术后半年总优良率为88.2%,术后1年总优良率为92.5%。术后半年椎体间隙较前变窄2例、成角>10°1例,术后1年椎体间隙变窄1例,所有患者在术后半年和末次随访均无椎间盘再次移位者。术后无并发症出现。结论经皮椎间孔内镜下靶向穿刺椎间盘切除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症,对患者创伤小、出血少、并发症少、有效恢复脊柱的稳定性、椎间盘恢复好,治疗效果满意。     

椎间盘镜治疗极外侧型腰椎间盘突出症

目的探讨椎间盘镜治疗极外侧型腰椎间盘突出症的方法,观察疗效。方法应用椎间盘镜治疗23例极外侧型腰椎间盘突出症,其中椎间孔突出型14例,椎间孔外侧突出型9例,分别经椎板间入路及经小关节外侧入路,完成神经根探查、减压和椎间盘髓核摘除。结果全部病例镜下完成手术,平均手术时间46min,平均术中出血75mL。平均随访时间13个月,远期疗效:优16例,良5例,可2例,优良率91.3%。结论应用椎间盘镜治疗极外侧型腰椎间盘突出症,手术创伤小,神经根减压彻底,术后恢复快,效果优良。     

胶原酶溶核术治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的探讨胶原酶溶核术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的有效性。方法39例腰椎间盘突出症患者,腰椎侧方经皮穿刺达椎间孔,硬膜外腔内注射国产胶原酶1200U。结果获得分次随访32例,溶核术后平均20个月优良率达78.2%;平均30.5个月优良率降至68.8%。结论胶原酶溶核术是治疗腰椎间盘突出症的一种有效方法,但应严格掌握适应证。     

不同入路经皮内窥镜下L_5/S_1椎间盘突出症的外科治疗效果对比

目的探讨经侧路椎间孔与经椎板间隙两种不同入路经皮内窥镜下椎间盘切除术治疗腰椎5(L5)/骶椎1(S1)椎间盘突出症患者的临床效果。方法选取2013年4月至2015年3月于华北油田总医院接受经皮内窥镜下椎间盘切除术治疗的L_5/S_1椎间盘突出症患者82例,按随机数字表法分椎间孔组与椎板间组,各41例。椎间孔组采用经侧路椎间孔入路,椎板间组采用经椎板间隙入路。观察两组术前术后疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、腰部Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评分、腰椎疾病治疗成绩评分表(JOA)评分,同时记录手术时间、透视次数、复发情况、并发症情况。结果在随访中,79例获有效随访,均无严重并发症。术后1d、3个月、12个月,两组VAS、ODI、JOA评分均较术前明显下降(P0.05);两组比较各项评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组手术时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。椎板间组患者透视次数明显低于椎间孔组(P0.05)。两组复发率、首次复发时间、平均复发次数比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论两种入路经皮内窥镜下治疗L_5/S_1椎间盘突出症均安全、有效。     

经皮侧后路椎间孔镜下髓核摘除术治疗90例腰椎间盘突出症疗效分析

目的探讨经皮侧后路椎间镜孔下髓核摘除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床效果。方法选取90例腰椎间盘突出症患者为研究对象,按入院顺序将其分为对照组和实验组,每组45例。对照组采取椎板开窗减压髓核摘除术进行治疗,实验组采取经皮侧后路椎间孔镜下髓核摘除术进行治疗,对比分析两组患者的临床疗效。结果实验组术中出血量、手术时间、住院时间、手术切口长度分别为(11.23±3.23)ml、(89.71±5.30)min、(4.50±1.01)d、(0.77±0.32)cm,其手术时间长于对照组,其余相关手术指标均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术后随访6个月,两组VAS及ODI评分均较术前下降,但组间比较差异未见统计学意义(P0.05)。结论腰椎间盘突出症患者采取经皮侧后路椎间孔镜下髓核摘除术进行治疗可缓解临床症状,术后康复快,值得临床推广应用。     

侧后路椎间孔镜下椎间盘髓核摘除术对腰椎间盘突出症患者术后疼痛程度及生活质量的影响

目的:探讨侧后路椎间孔镜下椎间盘髓核摘除术对腰椎间盘突出症(LDH)患者术后疼痛程度及生活质量的影响。方法:选取2015年7月～2017年6月我院85例LDH患者,根据不同术式分为观察组43例与对照组42例。对照组行后路椎板间开窗髓核摘除术,观察组行侧后路椎间孔镜下椎间盘髓核摘除术。对比两组术后不同时段疼痛(VAS)评分、手术前及术后3个月生活质量(SF-36)评分。结果:观察组术后(1 d、3 d、5 d) VAS评分均较对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05);两组SF-36评分手术前比较无显著差异(P 0. 05),术后3个月观察组SF-36评分较对照组高,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论:侧后路椎间孔镜下椎间盘髓核摘除术治疗LDH,可有效减轻术后疼痛程度,促进患者生活质量改善。     

TLIF与PTED治疗极外侧型椎间盘突出症的近远期疗效对比

目的:观察经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术、经皮椎间孔镜下椎间盘切除术治疗极外侧型腰椎间盘突出症的近远期疗效。方法:选取2016年3月~2017年3月治疗的极外侧型腰椎间盘突出症患者94例,按照治疗方案不同分为TLIF组和PTED组,各47例。TLIF组给予经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术治疗,PTED组给予经皮椎间孔镜下椎间盘切除术治疗。比较两组术中出血量、手术时间及卧床时间、远期疗效总优良率;比较两组术前、术后1个月、术后1年腰椎功能障碍程度评分。结果:PTED组术中出血量、卧床时间均少于TLIF组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组手术时间对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术前两组腰椎功能障碍程度评分比较无显著差异(P>0.05);术后1个月、术后1年PTED组,腰椎功能障碍程度评分均低于TLIF组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);PTED组远期疗效总优良率高于TLIF组(P<0.05)。结论:相比于经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术,对极外侧型腰椎间盘突出症患者给予经皮椎间孔镜下椎间盘切除术治疗能够减少术中出血量,缩短卧床时间,改善腰椎功能,提高远期疗效。     

经皮椎间孔镜下射频热凝纤维环成形联合髓核摘除修复腰椎间盘突出症

背景：侧后路经椎间孔镜下椎间盘髓核摘除联合射频热凝纤维环成形术是治疗慢性椎间盘源性腰腿痛的微创治疗方法,尤其适合于极外侧型椎间盘突出。目的：探讨经皮椎间孔镜下髓核摘除联合射频热凝纤维环成形术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的安全性及近期疗效。方法：32例腰椎间盘突出症患者者,均应用侧后路经皮椎间孔镜髓核摘除联合射频热凝纤维环成形术治疗,治疗前后采用目测类比评分和改良Macnab标准评价患者腰痛缓解情况,ODI评分评价患者的日常生活情况,随访时间1-6个月,平均3.5个月。结果与结论：所有患者均顺利完成治疗,无神经血管系统损伤等并发症发生。患者腰痛及生活能力均获得明显的改善。与治疗前相比,治疗后患者目测类比评分评分及ODI评分明显改善（P 〈0.01）;参照Macnnab疗效评定标准,结果显示治疗后1周有效率达到94%,治疗后3月有效率为97%。说明经皮椎间孔镜下髓核摘除联合射频热凝纤维环成形术治疗腰椎间盘突出症近期疗效肯定,并发症少,近期功能恢复稳定。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.