Assessment of anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of Daphne pontica L. (Thymelaeaceae)

The n-hexane, diethylether, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts from roots, leaves, stems and flowers with young leaves of Daphne pontica L. (Thymelaeaceae) were investigated for their in vivo anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities. For the anti-inflammatory activity assessment, carrageenan-induced hind paw edema, PGE(2)-induced hind paw edema and 12-O-tetradecanoyl-13-acetate (TPA)-induced mouse ear edema models and for the antinociceptive activity, p-benzoquinone-induced abdominal constriction test were used. Only ethyl acetate extracts of the roots showed significant anti-inflammatory activity on carrageenan-induced (22.7-32.0% inhibition) and PGE(2)-induced hind paw edema (3.2-27.3% inhibition) as well as 12-O-tetradecanoyl-13-acetate (TPA)-induced mouse ear edema (47.8-43.3% inhibition) models at 50 mg/kg dose without inducing any apparent gastric lesion or acute toxicity, whereas the other extracts were shown to be ineffective. In addition to roots, ethyl acetate extracts of the stems exhibited 19.5-29.9%; 5.3-23.9%; 36.6-28.1% inhibition on carrageenan-induced and PGE(2)-induced hind paw edema as well as 12-O-tetradecanoyl-13-acetate (TPA)-induced mouse ear edema models, respectively. On the other hand, none of the extracts showed any significant antinociceptive activity.     

In vivo anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive actions of some Lamium species

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Several Lamium species have been used to relieve pain in arthritic ailments in Turkish folk medicine. AIM OF THE STUDY: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of different extracts prepared with methanol, dichloromethane, n-butanol and water from the aerial parts of some Lamium species of Turkish origin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Lamium eriocephalum subsp. eriocephalum, Lamium garganicum subsp. laevigatum, Lamium garganicum subsp. pulchrum and Lamium purpureum var. purpureum (Lamiaceae); for the anti-inflammatory activity, carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model, PGE(2)-induced hind paw edema model, and 12-O-tetradecanoyl-13-acetate (TPA)-induced mouse ear edema model and for the antinociceptive activity p-benzoquinone (PBQ)-induced writhing test in mice were employed. RESULTS: The n-butanol extracts of Lamium garganicum subsp. laevigatum (LGL-BuOH), Lamium garganicum subsp. pulchrum (LGP-BuOH), and Lamium purpureum var. purpureum (LPP-BuOH) exhibited notable inhibition (16.5-28.9, 14.5-26.9, 12.3-21.5%, resp.) in carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model at doses of 200mg/kg without inducing any gastric damage. The LGL-BuOH (7.1-30.4%) and LGP-BuOH (5.9-24.1%) extracts also displayed potent anti-inflammatory activity against PGE(2)-induced hind paw edema model. LGL-BuOH and LGP-BuOH were also found to exhibit remarkable antinociceptive activity in p-benzoquinone-induced abdominal constriction test at a dose of 200 mg/kg (25.0 and 24.3%, respectively). CONCLUSION: The experimental data demonstrated that Lamium garganicum subsp. laevigatum and Lamium garganicum subsp. pulchrum displayed remarkable anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities.     

Valuation of anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of Erica species native to Turkey

Erica L. species (Ericaceae) have been popularly used as antirheumatic, diuretic, astringent and treatment of urinary infections. In order to evaluate this information, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of different extracts prepared with methanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water from the aerial parts of Erica arborea L., Erica manipuliflora Salisb., Erica bocquetii (Pe?men) P.F. Stevens and Erica sicula Guss. subsp. libanotica (C.&;W. Barbey) P.F. Stevens (Ericaceae) of Turkish origin were investigated by using in vivo methods. For the anti-inflammatory activity, carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model, PGE₂-induced hind paw edema model, and 12-O-tetradecanoyl-13-acetate (TPA)-induced mouse ear edema model and for the antinociceptive activity p-benzoquinone-induced writhing test in mice were employed. The ethyl acetate extracts of Erica arborea (EAE), Erica bocquetii (EBE) and Erica manipuliflora (EME) exhibited notable inhibition against carrageenan-induced (24.1–32.3%, 23.8–36.1%, 29.2–35.1%, respectively) and PGE₂-induced (21.2–37.7%, 6.8–29.7%, and 6.2–34.1%, respectively) hind paw edema as well as TPA-induced mouse ear edema models in mice, while the ethyl acetate extract of Erica sicula subsp. libanotica (ESE) (10.7–29.7%) displayed potent anti-inflammatory activity only on the PGE₂-induced hind paw edema model. However, the remaining extracts were found to be inactive against inflammatory models. Same extracts, i.e., EAE, EBE and EME were also found to exhibit remarkable antinociceptive activity in p-benzoquinone-induced abdominal constriction test at a dose of 100 mg/kg (46.5%, 27.7% and 36.3%, respectively).     

In vivo anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity of the crude extract and fractions from Rosa canina L. fruits

The aqueous and ethanol extracts of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae) fruits and the fractions prepared from the latter were investigated for their anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities in several in vivo experimental models. The ethanolic extract was shown to possess significant inhibitory activity against inflammatory models (i.e., carrageenan-induced and PGE(1)-induced hind paw edema models, as well as on acetic acid-induced increase in a capillary permeability model) and on a pain model based on the inhibition of p-benzoquinone-induced writhing in mice. Hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, n-butanol and the remaining water fractions were obtained through bioassay-guided fractionation. Ethylacetate and n-butanol fractions displayed potent anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities at a dose of 919 mg/kg without inducing acute toxicity. Further attempts to isolate and define the active constituent(s) were inconclusive, possibly due to the synergistic interaction of components in the extract.     

Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of some Onosma L. species growing in Turkey

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Roots of Onosma species are used for the treatment of various disorders such as bronchitis, tonsillitis, hemorrhoids as well as alleviating pains in folk medicine in Turkey. AIM OF THE STUDY: The chloroform and ethanol (70%) extracts obtained from the roots of Onosma species (Boraginaceae) growing in Turkey, Onosma aucheranum DC., Onosma isauricum Boiss. and Heldr. (endemic), Onosma sericeum Willd., Onosma tauricum Pallas ex Willd. var. brevifolium DC. (endemic) and Onosma tauricum Pallas ex Willd. var. tauricum (Syn: Onosma velenovskyi Davidov) were evaluated for in vivo anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For the preliminary screening, carrageenan-induced hind paw edema for the anti-inflammatory activity and, p-benzoquinone-induced abdominal constriction test for the antinociceptive activity were used in mice. RESULTS: The chloroform extracts from Onosma aucheranum and Onosma isauricum and ethanolic extracts from Onosma isauricum and Onosma sericeum demonstrated 28.0%, 34.3%, 24.6% and, 27.5% inhibition in p-benzoquinone-induced abdominal constriction test. The chloroform and ethanol (70%) extracts of Onosma isauricum and ethanol (70%) extract of Onosma sericeum also exhibited marked inhibition, ranging between 12.3-27.3%, 10.5-25.3%, 8.2-22.6%, respectively, in carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model at 100mg/kg dose without gastric damage and the activity was quite comparable to indomethacin (32.0-38.4% inhibition) as a reference sample. Neither death nor gastric bleeding was observed for any of the plant extracts during the acute toxicity evaluation. CONCLUSION: The experimental data demonstrated that Onosma aucheranum, Onosma isauricum and Onosma sericeum displayed remarkable anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities.     

Anti-inflammatory activity of cacalol and cacalone sesquiterpenes isolated from Psacalium decompositum

The hexane extract and two sesquiterpenic compounds, cacalol and cacalone, were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Psacalium decompositum. Then, their anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced ear edema. Indomethacin was used as the anti-inflammatory agent of reference. In the rat paw model of inflammation, both the hexane extract and the sesquiterpenes isolated from Psacalium decompositum showed a clear dose-dependent inhibition of the carrageenan-induced edema (P < 0.05), with important differences among them during the temporal course of the inhibition. In the TPA-induced mouse ear edema all tested compounds showed anti-inflammatory activity in dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). In both models, cacalone showed the most prominent anti-inflammatory activity. We conclude that some of the beneficial effects attributed to Psacalium decompositum in traditional medicine can be related with the anti-inflammatory activity of cacalol and cacalone.     

Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity assessment of plants used as remedy in Turkish folk medicine

Ethanolic and aqueous extracts from seven plant species used in Turkish traditional medicine were evaluated for in vivo anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities; Helleborus orientalis Lam. roots and herbs, Juglans regia L. leaves, Laurocerasus officinalis Roemer leaves, Nerium oleander L. dried and fresh flowers and leaves, Rhododendron ponticum L. leaves, Rubus hirtus Walds. et Kit aerial parts and Rubus sanctus Schreber aerial parts and roots. All the plant extracts, except the aqueous extract of Rubus hirtus, were shown to possess significant antinociceptive activity in varying degrees against p-benzoquinone-induced abdominal contractions in mice. However, only the ethanolic extracts of Helleborus orientalis roots, Juglans regia leaves, Laurocerasus officinalis leaves, Nerium oleander dried and fresh flowers, and Rhododendron ponticum leaves exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity against carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model in mice without inducing any gastric damage. Results of the present study confirmed the folkloric claim that all the selected materials to possess potent antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity.     

Bioassay-guided evaluation of anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of pistachio, Pistacia vera L

The ethanolic and aqueous extracts prepared from different parts of Pistacia vera L. (Anacardiaceae) as well as its oleoresin were evaluated for their in vivo anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities. Among the extracts screened, only the oleoresin was shown to possess a marked anti-inflammatory activity against carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model in mice without inducing any gastric damage at both 250 and 500 mg/kg doses whereas the rest of the extracts were totally inactive. While the oleoresin was found to display significant antinociceptive activity at 500 mg/kg dose, the ethanolic and aqueous extracts belonging to fruit, leaf, branch and peduncle of Pistacia vera did not exhibit any noticeable antinociception in p-benzoquinone-induced abdominal contractions in mice. Fractionation of the oleoresin indicated the n-hexane fraction to be active, which further led to recognition of some monoterpenes, mainly alpha-pinene (77.5%) by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as well as the oleoresin itself. alpha-Pinene was also assessed for its antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities in the same manner and exerted a moderate anti-inflammatory effect at 500 mg/kg dose.     

Estimation of antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity on Geranium pratense subsp. finitimum and its phenolic compounds

To obtain experimental evidence on the therapeutic efficacy of Geranium species and its phenolic compounds for inflammatory diseases, we examined the effects of the aqueous extract of the aerial parts of Geranium pratense subsp. finitimum (Woronow) Knuth, its fractions and isolated compounds, the mixture of quercetin 3-O-alpha-arabinopyranoside, kaempferol 3-O-beta-galactopyranoside (1), the mixture of quercetin 3-O-beta-glucopyranoside, quercetin 3-O-beta-galactopyranoside (2), kaempferol 3-O-beta-glucopyranoside (3), (-)-6-chloroepicatechin (4), the mixture of quercetin 3-O-(2'-O-galloyl)-beta-glucopyranoside, quercetin 3-O-(2'-O-galloyl)-beta-galactopyranoside (5) and myricetin 3-O-(2'-O-galloyl)-beta-glucopyranoside (6), on carrageenan-, PGE(2)- and TPA-induced inflammation in mice and p-benzoquinone-induced writhing reflex to assess anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities. The effective dose of materials for the inhibition of carragenan-induced hind paw edema assay was determined to be 100 mg/kg, which was also used in the assays with the extract, its fractions and isolated compounds in all other experiments. The aqueous extract, 1, 2 (100 mg/kg), as well as indomethacin (10 mg/kg) inhibited significantly the formation of the carrageenan-induced hind paw edema. There was also a significant reduction in PGE(2)-induced hind paw edema and TPA-induced ear edema models with 5, in addition to the aqueous extract and the other active components 1 and 2. In the antinociceptive assay, the aqueous extract and its fractions, as well as 1, 2, and 5 diminished significantly the number of writhings. Based on the results obtained it is suggested that the aqueous extract of Geranium pratense subsp. finitimum and its phenolic compounds display anti-inflammatory activity, supporting the folkloric use.     

Comparative evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity of Turkish Eryngium species

Extracts obtained from the root and aerial parts of various Eryngium (Apiaceae) species are used as folk remedy worldwide for the treatment of various inflammatory disorders. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts obtained from either aerial parts or roots of eight Eryngium species growing in Turkey, i.e., were evaluated for their in vivo anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities. Eryngium campestre, Eryngium creticum, Eryngium davisii, Eryngium falcatum, Eryngium isauricum, Eryngium kotschyi, Eryngium maritimum, and Eryngium trisectum. For the antinociceptive activity assessment p-benzoquinone-induced writhing test, and for anti-inflammatory activity carrageenan-induced hind paw oedema and TPA-induced ear oedema tests were employed in mice. According to the results of investigations, except Eryngium falcatum extracts, ethanol extracts either from the aerial parts or roots of Eryngium species showed apparent anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity. In spite of potent activity of the ethanol extract from Eryngium isauricum aerial parts was induced gastric damage. Aerial parts and roots of Eryngium maritimum and Eryngium kotschyi were found to possess most promising activities without including any apparent gastric damage.     

Biological activities of Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf extracts and isolation of the active compounds

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf (Parmeliaceae) is a common epiphytic lichen in the conifer-hardwood forest of Anatolia. This species is used in traditional medicine in Turkey as a treatment for wounds, eczema and hemorrhoids.

Aim of the study

The present study was designed to investigate the active compounds from Pseudevernia. furfuracea, and the isolation studies yielded atraric acid ( Aslan et al., 2006) as the major compound and a mixture of methyl hematommate ( Baumann, 1960) and methyl chlorohematommate ( Bay?r et al., 2006). Furthermore, methanolic extract from thalli of Pseudevernia. furfuracea and its fractions and isolates ( 1, 2 and 3) were investigated for in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, and in vivo antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities.

Material and methods

Antimicrobial activities of the samples were determined by using the disc diffusion technique. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was used as a rapid TLC screening method to evaluate the antioxidant activity of Pseudevernia. furfuracea. The thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test was used to assess the efficacy of the extracts in protecting liposomes from lipid peroxidation. In vivo inhibitory effect of the extracts on the carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model in mice was studied for the assessment of anti-inflammatory activity. p-Benzoquinone-induced abdominal constriction test was used to explore the antinociceptive effects of the extracts. Moreover, the wound healing potential of the plant extracts that were evaluated by using in vivo incision and excision wound models on rats and mice, were comparatively assessed with a reference ointment Madecassol^®.

Results

Significant antimicrobial activities were observed against Gram (+) microorganisms and Candida krusei and Candida. dubliniensis in dichloromethane (DCM) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extracts and isolates. The methanol (MeOH), DCM and EtOAc extracts of the lichen were found to possess moderate inhibitory activity on lipid peroxidation. Methanolic extract of the lichen was found to possess significant inhibitory activity on the carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model in mice whereas the other fractions did not show any activity. While DCM and EtOAc extracts and fractions showed notable anti-inflammatory activity on carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model without inducing any apparent acute toxicity or gastric damage. Moreover, topical application of the ointment prepared with MeOH extract and EtOAc fraction onto the incised wounds exerted remarkable wound healing activity.

Conclusion

The results of these experimental studies exhibited that nonpolar fractions of Pseudevernia. furfuracea have significant antimicrobial activity against especially Candida species and polar fractions (especially MeOH) display antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and wound healing activities.     

Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of Seseli L. species (Apiaceae) growing in Turkey

The ethyl acetate and methanol (80%) extracts obtained from 10 Seseli L. species (Apiaceae) growing in Turkey, Seseli andronakii Woron., Seseli campestre Besser, Seseli gummiferum Pall. ex Sm. subsp. corymbosum (Boiss. and Heldr.) P.H. Davis, Seseli gummiferum Pall. ex Sm. subsp. gummiferum, Seseli hartvigii Parolly and Nordt, Seseli libanotis (L.) W. Koch, Seseli petraeum M. Bieb., Seseli peucedanoides (Bieb.) Koso-Pol., Seseli resinosum Freyn and Sint., Seseli tortuosum L. were evaluated for their in vivo anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities. For the preliminary screening of anti-inflammatory activity, carrageenan-induced hind paw edema and for the antinociceptive activity, p-benzoquinone-induced abdominal constriction test were used. Among the plant extracts, the ethyl acetate extracts from Seseli andronakii, Seseli campestre, Seseli gummiferum subsp. corymbosum, Seseli petraeum, Seseli resinosum and Seseli tortuosum showed 30.1, 32.3, 36.9, 39.8, 35.1, 37.6% inhibition in p-benzoquinone-induced abdominal constriction test, respectively. The ethyl acetate extracts of Seseli gummiferum subsp. corymbosum, Seseli petraeum, Seseli resinosum and Seseli tortuosum also exhibited notable inhibition, ranging between 24.5-29.7, 28.1-33.3, 17.4-27.5 and 27.9-31.3%, respectively, in carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model at 100 mg/kg dose without inducing any gastric damage, quite comparable to indomethacin (41.8-44.8% inhibition) as a reference sample. During the acute toxicity evaluation, neither death nor gastric bleeding was observed for any of the plant extracts. Results have supported the traditional use of some Seseli species against inflammatory disorders. Further studies are warranted to define and isolate the active anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive components from the active species which may yield safe and effective agents to be used in current treatments.     

Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Mallotus spodocarpus Airy shaw

The chloroform extract from the roots of Mallotus spodocarpus was investigated for anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities in animal models. In acute inflammatory models, the extract significantly inhibited ethyl phenylpropiolate-induced ear edema and carrageenin- and arachidonic acid-induced hind paw edema in rats. In the chronic inflammatory model using the cotton pellet-induced granuloma in rats, the extract exhibited inhibitory activity on the formation of granuloma. The extract also elicited pronounced inhibitory effect on acetic acid-induced writhing response in mice in the analgesic test. The results obtained suggest marked anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of the extract.     

Ethnopharmacological evaluation of some Scorzonera species: in vivo anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Scorzonera species are mainly used against inflammation and to relieve pain in Turkish traditional medicine. Therefore, we aimed to assess in vivo anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of the aerial part and root extracts of Scorzonera acuminata, Scorzonera cana var. alpina, Scorzonera cana var. jacquiniana, Scorzonera cana var. radicosa, Scorzonera cinerea, Scorzonera eriophora, Scorzonera incisa, Scorzonera laciniata ssp. laciniata, Scorzonera parviflora and Scorzonera sublanata.

Materials and methods

For the anti-inflammatory activity evaluation carrageenan, PGE₂ and serotonin-induced hind paw edema and 12-O-tetradecanoyl-13-acetate (TPA)-induced mouse ear edema models were used. p-Benzoquinone-induced abdominal constriction test was employed in mice for the assessment of antinociceptive activity. Furthermore chemical composition of the tested extracts was investigated qualitatively and quantitatively by using RP-HPLC method. Some phenolic acids and flavonoids were used as standards.

Results

Extracts prepared from the aerial parts of Scorzonera cana var. jacquiniana, Scorzonera cinerea, Scorzonera eriophora, Scorzonera incisa and Scorzonera parviflora showed significant inhibitory effect on carrageenan and PGE₂-induced hind paw edema model as well as on p-benzoquinone-induced abdominal constriction test. The extracts did not show any remarkable activity on serotonin-induced hind paw edema and TPA-induced mouse ear edema models. Chlorogenic acid was detected as major compounds in all the species investigated. Additionally, among the tested flavonoids, luteolin-7-glucoside, hyperoside and rutin were found to be in different amounts in Scorzonera species.

Conclusion

The experimental data revealed that Scorzonera cana var. jacquiniana, Scorzonera cinerea, Scorzonera eriophora, Scorzonera incisa and Scorzonera parviflora possess significant anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity. It has been suggested that flavonoids and chlorogenic acid are partly responsible for mentioned activities of Scorzonera species.     

Flavonoids with antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities from the leaves of Tilia argentea (silver linden)

Silver linden, Tilia argentea Desf. ex DC (Tiliaceae) leaves are used in the treatment of common cold and bronchitis. In order to evaluate this information, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the two main flavonoid glycosides: kaempferol-3,7-O-alpha-dirhamnoside and quercetin-3,7-O-alpha-dirhamnoside isolated from the leaves, were investigated. For the antinociceptive activity, p-benzoquinone-induced writhing test and for the anti-inflammatory activity, carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model in mice were used. Both compounds were shown to possess potent antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity at 50 mg/kg dose, per os, without inducing any apparent acute toxicity as well as gastric damage.     

Bioactivity guided evaluation of anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of Arceuthobium oxycedri (D.C.) M. Bieb.

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Arceuthobium oxycedri (D.C.) M. Bieb. (Loranthaceae) or dwarf mistletoe is a rare semi-parasitic plant that lives on the branches of Juniperus oxycedrus as the host plant. In Turkish folk medicine, the plant is prescribed as a panacea for every kind of diseases, including, against infectious and inflammatory disorders of upper respiratory system and gastro-intestinal complaints or as a hypotensive remedy.

Aim of the study

In the current study, in vivo anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of Arceuthobium oxycedri have been investigated.

Material and methods

The crude ethanolic extract of the whole plant was sequentially fractionated into five subextracts; explicitly, n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butanol, and remaining water extracts. Further studies were carried out on the most active subextract, i.e. the EtOAc subextract, was further subjected to fractionation through successive column chromatographic applications on Silica gel 60, Sephadex LH-20 and LiChropep RP-18. For the activity assessment, each extract or fraction was submitted to bioassay systems; carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model for anti-inflammatory activity and p-benzoquinone induced abdominal contraction test for antinociceptive activity assessment.

Results

Among the extracts obtained, the ethanolic extract, EtOAc and n-butanol subextracts showed significant inhibitory activity in the bioassay systems. From the EtOAc subextract, a major component was isolated and its structure was determined as (+)-catechin by means of spectral techniques.

Conclusion

Present study confirms the claimed utilization of the plant against inflammatory complaints in Turkish folk medicine.     

Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity of taxoids and lignans from the heartwood of Taxus baccata L

Four taxoids (taxusin, baccatin VI, baccatin III and 1beta-hydroxybaccatin I) and five lignans (lariciresinol, taxiresinol, 3'-demethylisolariciresinol-9'-hydroxyisopropylether, isolariciresinol and 3-demethylisolariciresinol) were isolated from the heartwood of Taxus baccata L. (Taxaceae) growing in Turkey through chromatographic techniques. In vivo anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity of these compounds were investigated. All the compounds were shown to possess significant antinociceptive activity against p-benzoquinone-induced abdominal contractions, while only lignan derivatives significantly inhibited carrageenan-induced hind paw edema in mice.     

Appraisal of antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory potential of extract and fractions from the leaves of Torreya grandis Fort Ex. Lindl

Torreya grandis (Taxaceae) was studied for antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects. Leaves were extracted with 80% ethanol at 80 °C for 3 h and fractionated with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethylacetate and n-butanol. The aqueous ethanolic extract (aq.EE), ethylacetate fraction (EaF) and butanol fraction (BtF) at the doses of (100 and 200 mg/kg, i.g.) body weight were used for study. Evaluation of antinociceptive activity was carried out by acetic acid-induced writhing response and formalin-induced paw licking time in the first and second phases of mice. The paw edema induced by formalin- and xylene-induced ear edema were used to assess anti-inflammatory activity. It was found that Torreya grandis extract and fractions at the doses of (100 and 200 mg/kg, i.g.) were significantly attenuated the writhing responses induced by acetic acid and second phase of pain response induced by subplantar injection of formalin in mice. In addition, these extract and fractions inhibiting the formaldehyde-induced arthritis as well as xylene-induces edema prolifically. From acute oral toxicity studies no mortality was pragmatic even at highest dose (2500 mg/kg, i.g.). Furthermore, our phytochemical studies indicated that the aq. ethanolic extract of leaves contains alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids and saponins. The results provide justification for the folkloric uses of Torreya grandis in the treatment of analgesic and inflammatory-based diseases across the China.     

Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of Caralluma arabica

In the present study, a 10% ethanolic extract of Caralluma arabica at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg was evaluated for the antinociceptive activity using the hot plate and acetic acid induced abdominal constrictions in mice and tail flick method in rats. Oral and topical application of C. arabica extract was assessed in the present study for anti-inflammatory properties using carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema. Anti-inflammatory activity was also evaluated using cotton pellet granuloma method. C. arabica extract showed significant Anti-nociceptive properties in all the models studied. C. arabica extract significantly reduced the increase in hind paw volume induced by carrageenan injection when used orally or topically. Results of the present study confirm the use of C. arabica traditionally for the treatment of painful and inflammatory conditions and indicate transdermal absorption of the plant extract.     

盐地碱蓬幼苗和种子氯仿/甲醇提取物的化学组成及其抗炎作用(英)

目的 :阐明盐地碱蓬幼苗和种子氯仿 /甲醇提取物的化学组成及其抗炎作用。方法 :盐地碱蓬幼苗和种子分别用氯仿 /甲醇 (2∶1)提取并用甲醇 /氯乙酰 (5∶1)甲酯化。用GC MS分析甲酰化产物的化学组成。提取物对急性炎症的抑制作用采用巴豆油引起的正常小鼠和摘除肾上腺小鼠的耳肿胀、组胺引起的小鼠毛细管通透性以及角叉菜胶引起的大鼠足肿胀进行分析。对慢性炎症的抑制作用以巴豆油诱导的大鼠肉芽肿和福氏完全佐剂诱导的多发性关节炎进行分析。结果 :盐地碱蓬幼苗提取物的甲酰化产物中共检测出 14种脂肪酸甲酯 ,其中十六碳酸甲酯 (2 5 .9% ) ,9,12 十八碳二烯酸甲酯 (2 8.3% )及 9,12 ,15 十八碳三烯酸甲酯 (8.95 % )为主要成分。种子提取物的甲酰化产物中共检测出 10种脂肪酸甲酯 ,其中 9,12 十八碳二烯酸甲酯 (83.4 1% )为主要成分。两种提取物的甲酯化产物明显地抑制正常小鼠和摘除肾上腺小鼠的耳肿胀、降低毛细血管的通透性并抑制大鼠肉芽肿的形成 ,在 5 0～ 30 0mg·kg-1·d-1.剂量范围之内呈明显的剂量依赖关系 ,在 30 0mg·kg-1·d-1对佐剂性关节炎和大鼠足肿胀表现出显著的抑制作用。在 5 0～ 30 0mg·kg-1·d-1.剂量范围之内能显著地抑制炎症部位的PGE2 和MDA的形成和增加红细胞CAT的活力。