深圳市肉与肉制品中激素残留状况分析

[目的]了解深圳特区市售肉与肉制品中盐酸克仑特罗、沙丁胺醇、β-雌己醇、炔雌醇、己烯雌酚、双烯雌酚、己雌酚、戊酸雌二醇、苯甲酸雌二醇、炔雌醚10种激素残留状况。[方法]样品经超声萃取、离心、浓缩，然后用高效液相色谱法进行分析。[结果]140份样品中(猪肉组织及制品55份，鸡肉及内脏45份，牛肉40份)，只有一份中毒样品(猪肺汤)检出盐酸克仑特罗，其他样品10种激素均未检出。[结论]深圳市统一屠宰的猪肉及市售鸡肉、牛肉未检出以上10种激素，个别由盐酸克伦特罗引起中毒的猪肉组织可能来源于违法私宰或关外进入。     

Bioavailable fluoride in poultry deboned meat and meat products]

Deboned poultry meat (MDOM) consists of meat and fat and may also contain pieces of bones. This type of meat is a raw material used for production of different kinds of sausages. The aim of our investigation was to determine whether MDOM could be the significant source of bioavailable fluorine. Sample of MDOM and poultry meat products were digested in 37 degrees C water bath shaker with pepsin and 0.1 M HCl and then neutralized by adding carbonate and digested with pancreatine. Measurement was performed by ionoselective fluoride electrode. Fluorine determined in prepared samples is potentially ready to be absorbed by organism. Nine kinds of MDOM and eight poultry meat products were investigated. Content of fluorine in MDOM ranged 0.3-2.7 mg/kg of fresh weight but in one sample of turkey meat--7.4 mg/kg, while determined content of fluorine in poultry meat was low--not exceeded 0.2 mg/kg. Sausages prepared from homogenated meat contained fluorine from 0.5 to 0.7 mg/kg. In products prepared from big pieces of meat the content of fluorine was lower. CONCLUSIONS: MDOM is characterized by higher level of bioavailable fluorine than muscle tissue. MDOM in poultry meat products may be a source of higher fluoride content.     

天气回暖少吃羊肉

立春过后,揭开了春天的序幕,万物都在等待复苏。白天渐长,太阳暖和多了。此时阳气上升,万物萌生,人体新陈代谢旺盛,此时适当的调摄能使春阳之气宣达。立春一过,天气回暖,热气腾腾的涮羊肉、烤羊肉     

Ambivalence towards meat

The purpose of the present study was to examine whether differences in ambivalence between meat eaters affect their attitude towards eating meat, the belief structure underlying these attitudes, meat consumption, and intentions to reduce consumption in the future. Not surprisingly, more ambivalent meat eaters held a less positive attitude towards meat as compared to less ambivalent meat eaters. Moreover, the belief structure of the two groups also differed: More ambivalent persons associated the consumption of meat with slightly negative feelings, morally unacceptable issues, and risks for both their health and the environment. In contrast, less ambivalent meat eaters reported positive affective beliefs, did not emphasize moral issues, and perceived less risk. Results highlight the role of affective beliefs as a predictor of both attitude and ambivalence. Ambivalence, in turn, was a predictor of actual meat consumption; i.e. increased ambivalence was related to reduced meat consumption. Moreover, more ambivalent meat eaters intended to further reduce their meat consumption in the future. Practical and theoretical implications of these results are discussed.     

Consumption of red meat, white meat and processed meat in Irish adults in relation to dietary quality

The aim of the present study was to examine the association of red meat, white meat and processed meat consumption in Irish adults with dietary quality. A cross-sectional study of subjects, randomly selected using the electoral register, estimated habitual food intakes using a 7 d food diary in a nationally representative sample of 662 men and 717 women (not pregnant or lactating) aged 18-64 years. Consumers were classified into thirds, based on the distribution of mean daily intakes for red meat, white meat and processed meat. The mean intakes of red meat, white meat and processed meat were 51, 33 and 26 g/d respectively, and men consumed significantly more (P<0.001) than women for all meat types. In men, red meat consumption was associated with lower (P<0.001) prevalence of inadequacy for Zn, riboflavin and vitamin C intakes. Increasing processed meat intake was associated with a lower (P<0.01) level of compliance with dietary recommendations for fat, carbohydrate and fibre in men. Increasing processed meat consumption was associated with lower (P<0.01) wholemeal bread, vegetables, fruit and fish intakes in men and women. Managerial occupations were associated with lower processed meat intakes. It is important to distinguish between meat groups, as there was a large variation between the dietary quality in consumers of red meat, white meat and processed meat. Processed meat consumption is negatively associated with dietary quality and might therefore be a dietary indicator of poor dietary quality. This has important implications in nutritional epidemiological studies and for the development of food-based dietary guidelines.     

A simplified method for cholesterol determination in meat and meat products

The objectives of this study were to develop an accurate and precise method for cholesterol quantification in meat samples based on modifications made to an existing procedure (AOAC Official Method 994.10), and to apply this modified method to evaluate cholesterol levels in longissimus muscles (LM) from Angus (AN, n=5), Brahman (BR, n=4), and Romosinuano (RM, n=9) breeds. Validation of this method was performed using a meat homogenate (Standard Reference Material 1546) from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and LM samples from the three breeds with fat contents ranging from 2.4% to 9.3%. The results indicated that the modified method was accurate with cholesterol recovery exceeding 95%. The method was also found to be precise with an average coefficient of variation of 3.12%. The modification reduced 90% of chemicals used and eliminated time-consuming steps that hindered high throughput application of the traditional method. The application of this method to quantify cholesterol contents of LM samples revealed differences among the three breeds evaluated. The Angus LM with a higher fat content (50% higher) was associated with a significantly higher cholesterol concentration (70.25 mg/100 g) as compared to LM from Brahman and Romosinuano purebreds (64.77 and 65.76 mg/100 g; P=0.005 and 0.006, respectively). Cholesterol concentration was found to be correlated with the i.m. fat content of LM muscle from the three breeds (r=0.90, P<0.001). Cholesterol concentrations of LM determined in this study were comparable to those reported in the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference for separable lean from Choice rib-eye steaks. This modified method was reliable and should be evaluated for adoption as an appropriate method for cholesterol quantification in meat samples.     

Iron availability from meat

1. The distribution of radioactive iron in 59Fe-labelled rat muscle extract was determined using gel filtration. This showed that most (approximately 70%) of the radioactivity was associated with the heamatin compounds; myoglobin and haemoglobin. 2. Raw beef and freeze-dried rat muscle were digested in vitro, under simulated physiological conditions, and after centrifugation the supernatants fractionated by gel filtration. The soluble products were haematin Fe complexes of molecular weight above 10,000 and non-haematin Fe compounds of molecular weight below 6000, the major products being the non-haematin Fe complexes. The soluble compounds were also separated by dialysis and, in rat muscle, it was found that the low-molecular-weight non-haematin compounds accounted for more than 80% of the total soluble iron. 3. In vivo absorption studies with rats showed the Fe in a digested muscle dialysate to be more readily absorbed than that from an aqueous muscle extract which itself was more readily absorbed than the Fe from whole blood. 4. It may not, therefore, be the haemoproteins per se which are responsible for the high availability of Fe in meat, but rather the nature of their degradation products, formed by digestion within the meat environment.     

The microbiological quality of ready-to-eat dried and fermented meat and meat products

The analysis and interpretation of the results from 2981 samples examined by Public Health Laboratory Service (PHLS) and non-PHLS laboratories under the 1996 European Community Co-ordinated Food Control Programme showed that overall dried and fermented meat and meat products sold at retail in England, Wales and Northern Ireland were of good microbiological quality (99% acceptable). Staphylococcus aureus at or greater than 10² cfu g^?1 was present in 1.3% (7/553) raw/country style hams and 0.9% (21/2304) dry/semi dry sausages. Staph. aureus at or greater than 10² cfu g^?1 was not present in 88 spreadable fermented sausages. Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 was not detected in any samples but Salmonella spp. (Salm. typhimurium DT104, Salm. breadeney) were present in two dry/ semi dry sausage products. The presence of Salmonella spp. and high levels of Staph. aureus is unacceptable and highlights the necessity of applying good hygiene practices during processing and at retail to prevent cross-contamination and/or bacterial growth occurring in these meat products.