Effects of L-lysine monohydrochloride on insulin and blood glucose levels in spinal cord injured rats

Background Hyperglycemia in brain and spinal cord could aggravate neurologic impairment. Recent studies showed that L-lysine monohydrochlonde （LMH） could increase the insulin secretion and regulate the blood glucose level. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of LMH on pancreatic islet B cells, the levels of endogenous insulin and blood glucose in spinal cord injured rats.Methods Forty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups, namely, normal control group, model group, high-dose LMH group （621.5 mg/kg equal to LMH 1/8 LD50）, and low-dose LMH group （310.8 mg/kg equal to LMH 1/16 LD50）. The model of spinal cord injured rat was established by hemi-transection at the lower right thoracic spinal cord. LMH was administered via intraperitoneal injection once spinal cord injury was produced in rats. All rats were sacrificed 48 hours after spinal cord injured. The effects of LMH on pancreatic islet B cells, the content of endogenous insulin, end the level of blood glucose were observed with immunohistochemical method, radioimmunoassay method, end biochemical analyzer, respectively. Results The insulin immunohistochemical intensities of islet B cells were significantly weaker in model group then those in normal control group （P 〈0.01）. The levels of endogenous insulin were significantly lower and the blood glucose levels were significantly higher in model group than those in normal control group （P 〈0.01）. The insulin immunohistochemical intensities of islet B cells were significantly stronger in high-dose LMH group then those in model group （P〈0.05）. In addition, we found that the levels of endogenous insulin were significantly higher and the blood glucose levels were significantly lower in high-dose LMH group then those in model group （P 〈0.05）. There were no significant differences in the insulin immunohistochemical intensities of islet B cells, the levels of endogenous insulin and the blood glucose between low-dose LMH group and model group （P 〉0.05）. Conclusion LMH, but dose-dependent, might participate in the regulation of pancreatic islet B cells, and then reduce the blood glucose levels in the spinal cord injured rats.     

Role of DOR-β-arrestinl-Bcl2 Signal Transduction Pathway and Intervention Effects of Oxymatrine in Ulcerative Colitis

This study was aimed to investigate the role of the delta-opioid receptor （DOR）-β-arrestinl-Bcl-2 signal transduction pathway in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis （UC） and the intervention effects of oxymatrine on UC. Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into nor- mal group, model group, oxymatrine-treated group and mesalazine-treated group （n=10 each） at ran- dom. The rat UC model was established by intra-colonic injection of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid in the model group and two treatment groups. The rats in oxymatrine-treated group were subjected to intramuscular injection of oxymatrine [63 mg/（kg·day）] for 15 days, and those in mesalazine-treated group given mesalazine solution [0.5 g/（kg·day）] by gastric lavage for the same days. Animals in normal group and model group were administered 3 mL water by gastric lavage for 15 days. On the 16th day, after fasting for 24 h, the rats were sacrificed for the removal of colon tissues. The expres- sion levels of DOR, β-arrestinl and Bcl-2 were determined in colon tissues by immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）, respectively. It was found that the expression levels of DOR, [3-arrestinl and Bcl-2 protein and mRNA were significantly increased in the model group as compared with the other groups （P〈0.05）. They were conspicuously decreased in both mesalazine-treated and oxymatrine-treated groups in contrast to the model group （P〈0.05）. No statistically significant difference was noted in these indices between mesalazine- and oxyma- trine-treated groups （P〉0.05）. This study indicated that the DOR-β-arrestinl-Bcl-2 signal transduc- tion pathway may participate in the pathogenesis of UC. Moreover, oxymatrine can attenuate the de- velopment of UC by regulating the DOR-β-arrestin 1-Bcl-2 signal transduction pathway.     

Effects of propyl gallate on carotid artery thrombosis and coagulation/fibrinolysis system in rats

Objective： To investigate the effects of propyl gallate （PrG） on the thrombus formation time and the coagulation/fibrinolysis system in an experimental carotid artery thrombosis model in rats. Methods： Fifty SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups （10 animals/group）： the normal group （normal saline 2 mL/kg）, the model group （normal saline, 2 mL/kg）, the heparin control group （1 250 IU/kg）, the low dose PrG group （30 mg/kg）, and the high dose PrG group （60 mg/kg）. Thirty minutes after intravenous injection of saline or the corresponding drugs, a carotid artery thrombus was induced by continuous electric stimulation in all rats except for those in the normal group. The duration from the initiation of the electric stimulation to the sudden drop in carotid temperature was recorded as the thrornbus formation time. Levels of plasma tissue-type plasminogen activator （t-PA） and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 （PAl-1） were determined by ELISA. Results： PrG （30 and 60 mg/kg） can prolong the thrombus formation time, but the effect was obviously weaker than that of heparin （P〈0.05, P〈0.01）. Compared with the model group, PrG （30 and 60 mg/kg） elevated the plasma activity of t-PA （both P〈0.05） and showed an increasing tendency in elevating the ratio of t-PA/PAI-1 （P〉0.05）, while it had no significant effect on the level of PAI-1. Conclusion： PrG has a certain antithrombotic effect and can slightly regulate the imbalance of the t-PA/PAl-1 ratio.     

Effect of Acute Pancreatitis on the Pharmacokinetics of Chinese Herbal Micron Liuhe Pill Ointment (微米六合丹) in Rats

Objective: To explore the effect of acute pancreatitis (AP) on the pharmacokinetics of herbal ointment micron Liuhe Pill (微米六合丹, MLHP) components in anesthetized rats. Methods: Rats were randomly divided into a AP model group (n=6) and a normal group as a control (n=6). The rat model of AP was induced by intraperitoneal injection of L-arginine in rats (15 mg/kg, twice, interval 1 h). Chinese herbal ointment MLHP was used externally on the belly after the 2nd injection for 48 h in both groups. Emodin, rhein, aloe emodin, physcion, chrysophanol from MLHP were detected and quantified in rat serum and pancreas (at 48 h) by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results: Among the five components, only emodin, aloe emodin and physcion from MLHP were detected in all rat serum and most of the rats'' pancreas. Rhein and chrysophanol were not detected in both serum and pancreas. T1/2α of emodin and physcion in MLHP were obviously shorter in the AP model group than those in the normal group (P<0.05), while there was no difference for T1/2α of aloe emodin. The peak concentration and area under curve of all three components were much higher in the AP group than those in the normal group with MLHP in external application for 48 h (P<0.05). Furthermore, the mean residence time (MRT) and maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) of emodin and aloe emodin were obviously longer in the AP model group than those in the normal control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference for Ka of all components between the two groups. Emodin could be detected in all rats'' pancreas at 48 h in both groups, while its mean pancreatic concentration was higher in the AP model group than in the normal group (0.61±0.54 ng/mL, 0.42±0.37 ng/mL, respectively, P<0.05). Aloe emodin could be detected in all rats'' pancreas at 48 h in both groups and their mean pancreatic concentration were similar (0.31±0.24 ng/mL, 0.33±0.17 ng/mL, respectively, P>0.05). Physcion could be detected in pancreas of most rats in the AP model while only two rats in the normal group. Conclusion: AP could significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of absorbed components of Chinese herbal MLHP ointment in rats.     

Effects of propofol on early and late cytokines in lipopolysaccharideinduced septic shock in rats

Objective：It has been reported that the intravenous anesthetic propofol（PPF）has anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in patients.The purpose of this study was to investigate whether PPF has anti-inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide（LPS）-induced septic shock by inhibiting the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokinesinterleukin-6（IL-6）and tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）and high mobility group box 1（HMGB1）in rats.Methods：Thirty six male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of three groups（control group,PPF＋LPS group and LPS group;n=12 per group）.Control group rats received a 0.9%NaCl solution（NS）by the tail vein.The PPF＋ LPS group rats received PPF（10 mg/kg bolus,followed by infusion at 10 mg/（kg·h）through a femoral vein catheter）1 h before LPS（7.5 mg/kg）administration via the tail vein.The LPS group rats received injection of LPS（7.5 mg/kg）via the tail vein.Hemodynamic effects were recorded as well as mortality rates,and plasma cytokine concentrations（TNF-α,IL-6,HMGB1）were measured for the 24-h observation period.Results：The mean arterial pressure and heart rate of the PPF＋LPS group were more stable than those of the LPS group.The mortality at 24 h after the administration of the LPS injection was much higher in the LPS group（58.3%）compared to the PPF＋ LPS group（25.0%）.Plasma concentrations of cytokines（IL-6 and TNF-α）and HMGB1 were significantly reduced in the PPF＋LPS group compared to the LPS group（P0.05）.Conclusion：Pretreatment with PPF reduced the mortality rate of rats and attenuated the pro-inflammatory cytokine responses in an endotoxin shock model through an anti-inflammatory action inhibiting induction of HMGB1.     

LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN DECREASES THE ALBUMINURIA AND RENAL PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY RATS

Objective To investigate the renoprotection effect of low molecular weight heparin（LMWH）in diabetic rats.Methods Diabetic rats were induced by injection of steptozotocin（STZ）.Rats were randomly divided into three groups：control group,diabetic model group,and LMWH treatment group.The levels of total cholesterol（TC）,triglyceride（TG）,prothrombin time（PT）,kaolin partial thromboplastin time（KPTT）,24-hour urinary albumin excretion rate（UAER）,and serum soluble P-selectin were determined after 8 weeks.Glomerular morphology was observed by light microscopy.Results The levels of TG,UAER,and P-selectin in LWMH treatment group were lower than those in model group（all P〈0.01）.The levels of PT and KPTT in LWMH treatment group were shorter than those in model group.And LWMH improved the histological changes of diabetic rats.Conclusion LMWH has some renal protective effects in diabetic rats,partly through down-regulating the expression of P-selectin.     

Effects of aerosolized ketamine on the level of nitric oxide and nitric oxide synthetase in the lung tissue of rat with asthma

Objective： To explore the effects of aerosolized ketamine on the level of nitric oxide and nitric oxide synthetase in the lung tissue in rat asthma model. Methods： Forty SD rats were randomly assigned to five groups： control group （group N）, asthma model group （group A）, two pretreated groups of different concentrations of ketamine （group K1, K2） and dexamethasone group（group D） with eight rats in each group. The rats in group A were sensitized by injection of ovalbumin （OA） together with aluminum hydroxide and bordetella pertussis as adjuvants. Two weeks after the sensitization, aerosolized OA was used to cause asthma. The rats in group K1 and K2 were sensitized with OA as group A , and then exposed to aerosol of ketamine , with the concentration of 25 g/L and 50 g/L respectively. Before using aerosolized OA,the rats in group D were exposed to aerosol of 0.01% dexamethasone .The level of NO2^-/NO3^- in lung tissues, inducible nitric oxide synthetase（iNOS） and constitute nitric oxide synthetase（cNOS） was measured in all groups. Results： The level of NO2^-/NO3^- and the activity of iNOS in lung tissues in group A were signiticantly higher than those in the other groups. The iNOS activity and the level of NO2^-/NO3 ^- in lung tissues were highly positively correlated. Conclusion： NO can induce airway hyperreactivity that may worsen asthma. Aerosolized ketamine can decrease the iNOS expression and reduce the level of NO in the lung tissue in rat asthma model.     

Changes of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and the Effects of Ulinastatin Injection during Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation

The changes of tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) and brain ultrastructure during cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the effects of ulinastation injection were observed, and the mechanism was investigated. Twenty-four adult healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into.control group (8 rats), resuscitation group (8 rats) and ulinastatin (UTI) group (8 rats). Rats in control group underwent tracheotomy without clipping the trachea to induce circulatory and respiratory standstill. Rats in resuscitation and ulinastatin group were subjected to the procedure of establishing the model of cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation (CPCR). Rats in ulinastatin group were given with UTI 104 U/kg once after CPCR. In the control group, the plasma was collected immediate,30 min, 2 h, 4 h, and 6 h after tracheotomy. In resuscitation group and UTI group, plasma was collected immediate after tracheotomy, 30 min, 2 h, 4 h and 6 h after successful resuscitation. The plasma levels of TNF-a were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). At the end of the experiment, 2 rats were randomly selected from each group and were decapitated, The cortex of the brain was taken out immediately to observe the ultrastructure changes. In control group, there were no significant differences in the level of TNF-a among different time points (P＞0.05). In resuscitation group, the level of TNF-a was increased obviously after resuscitation (P＜0.01) and reached its peak 2 h later after resuscitation. An increasing trend of TNF-a showed in UTI group. There were no differences in TNF-a among each sample taken after successful resuscitation and that after tracheotomy. The utrastructure of brains showed the injury in UTI group was ameliorated as compared with that in resuscitation group. In early period of CPCR, TNF-a was expressed rapidly and kept increasing. It indicated that TNF-a might take part in the tissue injury after CPCR. The administration of UTI during CACR could depress TNF-a and ameliorate brain injury. By regulating the expression of damaging mediator, UTI might provide a protective effect on the tissue injury after CPCR.     

Effects of Qindan Capsule (芩丹胶囊) on blood pressure, endothelin, calcitonin gene-related peptide and angiotensin-II in spontaneous hypertensive rats

Objective： To observe the hypotensive effects of Qindan Capsule （芩丹胶囊, QC） on spontaneous hypertensive rats （SHR） and its effect on the contents of endothelin （ET）, calcitonin gene-related peptide （CGRP） and angiotensin-Ⅱ （Ang-Ⅱ ） in plasma and vascular tissues, and to investigate the possible mechanism of QC in lowering blood pressure. Methods： Forty SHRs were divided into 5 groups： the high dosage QC group [QCHD, 750 mg/（kg.d） ], the low dosage QC group [QCLD, 150 mg/（kgd） ], the Niuhuang Jiangya Pill group [牛黄降压丸,, NJP, 200 mg/（kg.d）], the Captopril group [ 15 mg/（kgd）]and the model group, 8 in each group. Meanwhile, a normal control group consisting of 8 Wistar-Kyoto （WKY） rats was set up also. All the rats were administered with medicine level of ET, CGRP and Ang-Ⅱ in plasma and Ang-Ⅱ rats after 12 weeks of treatment. Results： The leve through gastrogavage. Systolic blood pressure （SBP）, in tissues of mesenteric artery were detected in all the of SBP after treatment in the QCHD group was lower than that in the model group （ P〈0.01 ）, but with no significant difference as compared with that in the Captopril group and the NJP group （P〉0.05）. After treatment, the plasma level of ET was lower and CGRP higher than those in the model group （both P〈0.05）, and also higher than those in the NJP and Captopril group （both P〈0.05）. As for the content of Ang- Ⅱ , in mesenteric arterial tissues, it was lower in the QCHD group than that in the model group （ P〈0.05）, but in plasma, it showed no significant difference between the two groups （P〉0.05）. Conclusion： QC has a satisfactory hypotensive action on SHR rats, and its mechanism may be associated with the regulation on plasma vasoactive peptide and regional renin-angiotensin system.     

Correlation of IL-1, IL-6, IL-10 Concentrations to Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome and Effect of Intravenous Immunoglobulin on Ovarian Hyperstimulated Rats

Objective To investigate the correlation of interleukin（IL）-1,IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations to ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome（OHSS） and whether intravenous immunoglobulin（IVIG） has the effects on ovarian hyperstimulated rats.
Methods Immature female Wistar rats were divided into control group, OHSS group （n=13） and IVIG group（n=13）. For the latter two groups, pregnancy mare serum gonadotropin（PMSG）and human chorionic gonadotropin（hCG） were given to induce OHSS, and rats in IVIG group were treated with immunoglobulin. Forty-eight hours after administration of hCG, capillary permeability was evaluated from the Evans blue dye（EB） concentration in the ovaries and the EB concentration in peritoneal irrigated fluid at 30 min after the intravenous injection of EB. Rats＇ blood samples and ovaries were obtained to be measured for IL-1, IL-6 and IL-10 by ELISA.
Results In OHSS group, total weights of bilateral ovaries and the ovarian EB concentration were significantly higher than those in others（P〈0.05）. Both serum and ovarian concentrations of IL-1 were significantly higher in OHSS and IVIG groups than those in control group （P〈0.05）. The ovarian concentrations of IL-6 and IL-10 in IVIG group were significantly lower than those in control group（P〈0.05）. Furthermore, the ovarian IL-10 concentration in IVIG group was significantly lower than that in OHSS group（P〈0. 05）.
Conclusion Inflammation involved IL-1 in OHSS rats plays an important role. Vascular permeability was mostly increased in ovaries of hyperstimulated rats. It appears that ovaries of OHSS rats may be the primary places of inflammation. IVIG treatment resulted in statistically significant reductions in ovaries＇ weights and ovarian vascular permeability of OHSS rats, with a decreased level of ovarian IL-10. It implys that IVIG have a beneficial effect in reducing the severity of OHSS in the experimental model maybe by restrainning IL-10.     

依拉普利对丙烯醛诱导的气道炎症干预作用的研究

目的应用丙烯醛建立气道炎症模型,给予依拉普利进行干预,了解其对气道炎症的影响,并探讨核因子(NF-κB)在这一过程中的作用。方法健康雄性SD大鼠24只,随机分为4组,每组6只。A组:空白对照组(吸入生理盐水);B组:依拉普利自身对照组(单纯依拉普利灌胃),依拉普利0.5mg/(kg.d)灌胃;C组:模型组(丙烯醛),大鼠吸入4mg/L丙烯醛,每次3h,每天两次;D组:依拉普利干预组(吸入丙烯醛 依拉普利灌胃),处理同模型组,并给予依拉普利0.5mg/(kg.d)灌胃。21d后处死大鼠,采集标本。采用免疫组化方法检测肺组织中血管紧张素和气道上皮NF-κB p65的表达,并计算NF-κB p65的入核率。采用Western blot方法检测肺组织胞浆中的NF-κB。收集支气管肺泡灌洗液,检测其中的中性粒细胞数,用ELISA的方法检测TNF-α、IL-8。结果免疫组化结果显示模型组大鼠肺组织中AngⅡ、NF-κB p65的表达,NF-κB p65入核率较空白对照组明显增高,依拉普利干预组各项指标较模型组明显减少。Western blot检测发现细胞浆中NF-κB的表达量显著增高(P<0.05),依拉普利干预可以使NF-κB p65的表达有一定程度的降低(P<0.05)。支气管肺泡灌流液(BALF)中中性粒细胞数以及ELISA检测的BALF中的炎性细胞因子IL-8和TNF-α模型组显著高于对照组,依拉普利干预组中均有明显降低(P值均<0.05)。结论在丙烯醛诱导的气道和肺的炎症模型中,AngⅡ起了重要的作用,依拉普利可部分抑制这一炎症反应,其机制可能与它抑制了NF-κB的激活有关。     

外源性胰岛素样生长因子-1对脓毒血症大鼠肺保护的作用

目的观察外源性胰岛素样生长因子-1对大鼠脓毒血症引起急性肺损伤的肺保护作用。方法选择Wistar大鼠40只,随机分为4组（每组各10只）：对照组,脓毒血症组,IGF-1治疗1组和治疗2组（50μg/kg和100μg/kg）。采用颈静脉注射脂多糖（LPS,15 mg/kg）制作脓毒血症大鼠ALI模型。注射LPS 12 h后,测定各组大鼠血清和支气管肺泡灌洗液IL-6和IL-8浓度。结果与对照组比较,脓毒血症组大鼠血清IL-6浓度[（25.5±3.71）vs（14.6±2.34）ng/mL]和支气管肺泡灌洗液IL-6浓度[（17.9±2.56）vs（9.1±1.19）ng/mL]均高于对照组,也高于IGF-1治疗组（均P〈0.05）,同时脓毒血症组在血清IL-8[（2.03±0.15）vs（1.62±0.13）ng/mL]和支气管肺泡灌洗液的IL-8浓度[（1.35±0.37）vs（0.98±0.11）ng/mL]均高于对照组和IGF-1治疗组（均P〈0.05）。IGF-1治疗2组大鼠血清和支气管肺泡灌洗液IL-6[（17.3±4.59）vs（17.3±4.59）,（11.4±2.93）vs（13.6±2.71）ng/mL]和IL-8[（1.73±0.11）vs（1.87±0.26）,（0.99±0.39）vs（1.09±0.43）ng/mL]浓度均低于IGF-1治疗1组（P〈0.05）。结论外源性IGF-1对脓毒血症大鼠引起的急性肺损伤具有保护作用,且随着剂量的加大保护作用更明显。     

泼尼松对IL-8在COPD大鼠肺组织表达的影响

目的 研究IL-8在慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)大鼠肺组织中的表达及泼尼松对其表达的影响.方法 Wistar大鼠24只随机分为:正常对照组(A组)、单纯熏烟组(B组)和熏烟 泼尼松组(C组),每组各8只.单纯熏香烟法建立COPD模型,C组于熏香烟前予泼尼松5 mg/kg隔日灌胃.模型建立后,行支气管肺泡灌洗,测定支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中细胞数,酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定BALF上清液和血清中的IL-8和TNF-α浓度,并对肺组织切片行苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察形态学改变,采用图像分析系统定量测定肺平均内衬间隔(MLI)、平均肺泡数(MAN)和肺泡腔面积与总面积比(PAA).结果 B组MLI、PAA比A组增高,而MAN低于A组,C组与B组相比MLI、PAA降低,MAN升高,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).与A组比较,B组BALF中IL-8、TNF-α、白细胞总数、中性粒细胞绝对计数和中性粒细胞百分比均增高(P＜0.05),C组较B组上述指标均下降(P＜0.05).B组血清中IL-8和TNF-α浓度亦比A组增高(P＜0.05),C组较B组下降,但IL-8的浓度差异无统计学意义.B组BALF中IL-8与中性粒细胞绝对计数、TNF-α呈正相关(r=0.735、0.987,P＜0.05);与血清中IL-8和TNF-α、血气分析的所有指标及形态学定量分析的任一指标均无相关性.血清IL-8与上述任一指标亦均无相关性.结论 BALF中的IL-8与COPD的气道炎症密切相关,IL-8与TNF-α相互作用,通过趋化激活中性粒细胞等炎性细胞共同参与COPD发病.泼尼松可能通过抑制IL-8的表达,从而减轻炎症介质和炎性细胞对气道的损害,延缓COPD的进展.     

加味导赤散与维生素B12对大鼠口腔溃疡血清IL-6及TNF-α水平影响分析

目的 探讨加味导赤散与维生素B12对大鼠复发性口腔溃疡的治疗效果及对血清白细胞介素6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的影响.方法 选取SPF级雄性SD大鼠48只,采用随机数字表法分为正常组(等量蒸馏水)、模型组(等量蒸馏水)、阳性对照组(左旋咪唑20 mg/kg灌胃治疗)、实验组(使用含有加味导赤散生药材1 g/mL,1.278 mL/200 g+维生素B1220 μg/kg灌胃)各12只,模型组、阳性对照组、实验组采用免疫法建立复发性口腔溃疡模型,建模后按照对应治疗方法处理20 d.结果 阳性对照组、实验组大鼠的口腔溃疡数目、溃疡持续时间均显著低于模型组大鼠(P＜0.05),阳性对照组、实验组大鼠的溃疡间隔出现时间均显著长于模型组大鼠(P＜0.05);阳性对照组、实验组大鼠的血清IL-6、TNF-α检测水平均显著低于模型组大鼠(P＜0.05);模型组的血清IL-6、TNF-α检测水平显著高于正常组(P＜0.05);阳性对照组、实验组大鼠的外周血超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSHPx)水平均显著高于模型组大鼠(P＜0.05),丙二醛(MDA)水平显著低于模型组(P＜0.05).结论 加味导赤散与维生素B12对大鼠复发性口腔溃疡具有治疗作用,作用机制可能与减轻炎性反应、提高组织的抗氧化能力有关.     

血必净对内毒素血症大鼠心肌细胞Toll样受体4表达的影响

目的 研究血必净注射液对内毒素血症大鼠心肌细胞Toll样受体4(TLR4)表达的影响,为临床脓毒症休克的治疗提供理论依据.方法 成年Wistar雄性大鼠80只,随机分为模型组、治疗A组、治疗B组和正常组,每组20只.前3组大鼠腹腔注射内毒素(本研究采用大肠杆菌脂多糖)15 mg/kg,正常组腹腔注射等容量0.9%氯化钠溶液.腹腔注射完毕后即刻,模型组皮下注射0.9 %氯化钠溶液10 mL/kg,治疗A组皮下注射血必净5 mL/kg及0.9%氯化钠溶液5 mL/kg,治疗B组皮下注射血必净10 mL/kg.各组大鼠均在皮下注射后即刻、30 min、2 h、6 h分别随机抽取5只留取相应标本并处死.采用免疫组织化学法检测心肌TLR4表达的变化.结果 皮下注射后2及6 h,模型组的心肌TLR4表达较正常组显著升高(P值均<0.05),治疗A组和治疗B组的心肌TLR4表达也较正常组显著升高,但较模型组显著下降(P值均<0.05);治疗B组皮下注射后6 h的心肌TLR4表达显著低于治疗A组(P<0.05).结论 血必净注射液能有效抑制内毒素所致的心肌细胞炎症信号TLR4表达的激活,减轻心肌的炎性反应.     

生长抑素治疗大鼠急性呼吸窘迫综合征的实验研究

目的探讨生长抑素（SST）及其类似物奥曲肽对急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）大鼠的治疗作用．方法百草枯灌胃法制作大鼠ARDS模型,灌注百草枯后24h,经尾静脉输入SST（1mg／kg）、奥曲肽（0．1mg／kg）或注射地塞米松（1mg／kg）,观察动物肺组织病理学、血气、肺系数等改变,同时测定大鼠血浆、肺泡灌洗液（BALF）及小肠组织匀浆液肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF—α）及白细胞介数6（IL-6）的含量．结果输注SST、奥曲肽或注射地塞米松后,与ARDS模型组相比,大鼠肺组织炎症病变明显减轻,动脉血氧分压（PaO2）有升高趋势（升高75％～84％）,二氧化碳分压有降低趋势（降低17％～22％）,血浆pH值回升,肺系数有降低趋势（降低13％～15％）．血浆TNF—α水平与ARDS模型组比较,有降低趋势,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。肺泡灌洗液及小肠匀浆液TNF—α水平SST组、奥曲肽组及地塞米松组较ARDS模型组降低（P〈0．05）．SST组、奥曲肽组及地塞米松组肺泡灌洗液IL-6水平较ARDS模型组均有降低趋势,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,血浆及小肠匀浆液IL-6水平各组间差异无统计学意义。结论SST及其类似物奥曲肽有改善ARDS症状,减低肺炎症病变及TNF—α含量的作用,可作为ARDS治疗的辅助药物。     

硫化氢对肠缺血-再灌注损伤大鼠炎症因子及内毒素血症的影响

目的 研究硫化氢对肠缺血-再灌注损伤大鼠血C反应蛋白、降钙素原、内毒素、肿瘤坏死因子-α、白介素-6、白介素-8的影响。 方法 将64只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为A(假手术)组、B(缺血-再灌注)组,C(缺血-再灌注+NaHS)组,D[缺血-再灌注+炔丙基甘氨酸(PPG)]组。经腹正中切口剖腹及游离肠系膜上动脉(SMA),钳夹B、C、D组大鼠SMA 60 min和再灌注120 min,建立大鼠肠缺血-再灌注损伤模型。C组在灌注前10 min向大鼠尾静脉注入100 μmol/kg NaHS后按1 mg/(kg·h)输注直到再灌注2 h,D组在缺血前10 min向腹腔注入PPG 50 mg/kg。检测血CRP、降钙素原、内毒素、H₂S、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8并进行血培养,测定回肠组织匀浆中H₂S。 结果 与A组比较,B组的CRP、降钙素原、内毒素、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8升高,H₂S降低。与B组比较,C组的CRP、降钙素原、内毒素、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8降低,H₂S升高。与C组比较,D组CRP、降钙素原、内毒素、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8升高,H₂S降低(P<0.01)。B、C、D组分别有14、6、15例血标本培养出大肠杆菌。H₂S与CRP、降钙素原、内毒素、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8呈负相关。 结论 H₂S降低肠缺血-再灌注损伤大鼠血炎症因子,改善内毒素血症。      

复方丹参注射液对脓毒症大鼠肺组织中组织因子的影响

目的探讨复方丹参注射液对脓毒症大鼠肺组织中组织因子（TF）的影响以及其可能的机制。方法健康成年雄性Wistar大鼠30只,体重250-300g,随机分为假手术组（A）、模型组（CLP）（B）、复方丹参组（C）、NF-κB抑制剂组（PTDC）（D）、复方丹参＋NF-κB抑制剂组（E）,每组6只,分别在造模后12h处死大鼠,取右肺上叶组织约0.5cm3用ELISA法检测TF,右肺中叶组织约0.5cm3用免疫组化染色检测NF-κB的阳性表达。结果 12h时B组测得的TF和NF-κB的表达均显著高于其它4组（P均〈0.05）;C、D组的TF和NF-κB都显著低于B组,同时又高于A组（P均〈0.05）;E组较A组TF和NF-κB水平没有变化（P〉0.05）。结论复方丹参注射液可以抑制脓毒症大鼠组织因子的表达,其可能是通过抑制NF-κB的活性来实现的。     

自拟调气汤对顺铂诱导的大鼠肾损伤的影响及其机制

目的: 研究自拟调气汤对顺铂诱导的肾损伤大鼠的影响及其机制。方法： 选取90只SD雄性大鼠,随机分为正常对照组,模型组,调气汤低、中、高剂量组及阳性对照组,每组15只;除正常对照组外,其余组采用尾静脉注射顺铂（2.5 mg/kg）的方法建立肾损伤大鼠模型,造模完成后,调气汤低、中、高剂量组分别予以2、4、8 mL/kg调气汤灌胃,阳性对照组予以1 mg/kg氨磷汀腹腔注射,正常对照组及模型组给予生理盐水（2 mL/kg）灌胃,1次/d,连续60 d;比色法检测血清尿素氮、肌酐水平;ELISA法测定肾组织肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、IL-6、IL-1β含量,以及脾脏淋巴细胞分泌的TNF-α、IL-17、基质金属蛋白酶 9（MMP 9）水平;分别用比色法和显色法检测肾组织超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性及丙二醛水平;HE染色检测肾组织病理变化,蛋白免疫印迹法检测肾组织中Toll样受体4（TLR4）、NF-κB蛋白表达水平。结果： 与模型组比较,调气汤低、中、高剂量组血清尿素氮、肌酐水平,肾组织TNF-α、IL-6、IL 1β及丙二醛含量,肾组织TLR4及NF κB蛋白表达水平,脾脏TNF-α、IL-17、MMP-9水平显著降低（P<0.05）,肾组织SOD活性显著升高（P<0.05）,肾组织病理明显改善,且随着调气汤剂量增加,各项指标呈剂量依赖性变化。结论：自拟调气汤可能通过抑制TLR4/NF-κB通路,进而显著改善顺铂诱导的大鼠肾损伤。