棘突间弹性固定器在腰椎管狭窄症病人中的应用探讨

目的探讨棘突间弹性固定器(Coflex)在腰椎管狭窄症病人中应用效果。方法选取经积极保守治疗无效或效果欠佳的腰椎管狭窄症患者46例,随机分为对照组和Coflex试验组,每组23例,对照组采取常规减压钉棒系统内固定+植骨融合术;试验组采取常规减压+棘突间弹性固定器Coflex内固定。对两组术后VAS评分、手术时长、出血量、术后卧床时间进行比较和统计学分析。结果两组术后腰腿痛症状均能获得良好的缓解且没有统计学差异;但手术时长、出血量、术后卧床时间Coflex组明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论棘突间弹性固定器Coflex能为腰椎管狭窄患者提供良好的疗效。     

腰椎棘突间动态稳定系统Coflex^TM的临床应用

目的评价腰椎棘突间动态稳定系统Coflex^TM治疗腰椎退行性疾病的临床疗效。方法应用腰椎棘突间动态稳定系统Coflex^TM治疗腰椎退行性疾病61例,共植入63个Coflex^TM。手术前后摄X片,测量椎间隙高度、椎间孔高度、手术节段活动度、上一节段活动度,必要时行CT和MRI检查。结果视觉模拟疼痛评分（VAS）、Oswestry功能障碍指数（ODI）术后较术前下降,日本骨科学会腰痛评分（JOA）术后较术前提高,椎间隙高度、椎间孔高度术后较术前提高,手术节段活动度术后末次随访值较术前下降,邻近节段活动度术后末次随访值较术前升高。随访发现残留腰腿痛3例,下肢麻木1例。结论 CoflexTM能够增加并维持椎间隙和椎间孔高度,对邻近节段活动度影响小,临床应用疗效满意,其长期疗效尚需进一步随访观察。     

椎体间融合加椎弓根钉内固定术治疗退变性腰椎管狭窄症

2000年1月~2003年12月,我们采用腰椎椎体间融合加椎弓根钉内固定术治疗退变性腰椎管狭窄症23例,疗效满意。现报告如下。临床资料:本组23例,男6例,女17例;年龄34~69岁,平均53.6岁。均有间歇性跛行,腰骶部疼痛20例,双下肢放射痛或麻木18例,有马尾神经症状5例,下肢感觉减退15例,腱     

经皮椎间孔镜椎板间入路与椎间孔入路治疗腰椎管狭窄症

腰椎管狭窄症是老年人常见病、多发病。手术方式包括开放手术和微创手术。椎间孔镜以其创口小、疼痛轻及恢复快的特点已成为目前治疗腰椎管狭窄症的微创手术首选器械。其手术入路主要分为经皮椎板间入路和经皮椎间孔入路,然而这两种手术入路各有优缺点及适应证。在实际的临床工作中选择椎间孔镜治疗腰椎管狭窄症时,对不同病理类型的腰椎管狭窄症选用合适的手术入路进行治疗,是达到良好手术效果的前提。     

老年多节段腰椎管狭窄症的手术疗效和策略

<正>部分腰椎管狭窄症老年,患者病程长、症状重、受累节段多,常伴有骨质疏松及各种内科疾病,治疗面临诸多困难。1资料与方法1.1一般资料2005年6月至2010年6月老年性多节段腰椎管狭窄症患者67例,男41例,女26例,年龄60⁷9(平均67.7)岁。患病时间279(平均67.7)岁。患病时间2¹1年,平均3年2个月。狭窄节段2处40例,3处21例,4处6例。患者主要症状有长期下腰部疼痛,伴有一侧或双侧下肢放射性痛,有典型的神经性间歇性跛行,     

老年人腰椎管狭窄症的临床特点及手术治疗

目的探讨老年人退行性腰椎管狭窄症的临床特点和手术效果。方法回顾性分析42例老年人退行性腰椎管狭窄症的临床资料。结果老年人退行性腰椎管狭窄的特征为腰椎多节段退变,起病缓慢,间歇性跛行是最长伴有的症状,直腿抬高试验阳性率低,中央椎管和神经根管都有不同程度的狭窄,突出较少的椎间盘就能压迫硬膜囊或神经根而产生疼痛,所有患者的手术均安全完成。平均随访2.1年,根据JOA评分系统,将手术前后JOA评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论老年人退行性腰椎管狭窄症患者合并内科疾病多,较长的病程,症状多体征少,多节段退变,积极治疗内科并发症,根据症状、体征、影像学,给予责任节段充分减压及固定融合责任节段,能获得较好手术疗效。     

改良腰椎管成形术联合椎弓根螺钉内固定融合治疗腰椎管狭窄的效果观察

目的观察改良腰椎管成形术联合椎弓根螺钉内固定融合治疗腰椎管狭窄的临床效果。方法随机选取腰椎管狭窄患者150例,均分为两组各75例。观察组患者接受改良腰椎管成形术联合椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗,对照组患者仅接受椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗。测量两组患者的椎管矢状径、角度、后椎体高度等指标。采用Denis和Frankel分级评价其神经功能。结果观察组Frankel分级平均提高1.5级,对照组仅提高0.9级,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组患者椎体前缘高度由(44.9±11.4)%增加到(57.3±7.1)%,对照组仅由(45.1±11.5)%增加到(53.8±7.9)%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论改良腰椎管成形术联合椎弓根螺钉内固定融合治疗腰椎管狭窄临床效果好,可有效减轻患者的疼痛程度,保存神经功能和椎骨完整性。     

椎间孔镜技术与开放手术在治疗伴有骨质疏松的腰椎管狭窄症的疗效及安全性比较

目的比较椎间孔镜技术（TESSYS）与传统开放手术在治疗伴有骨质疏松的腰椎管狭窄症患者的疗效及安全性。方法从2010年3月至2013年9月武警北京市总队第三医院收治伴有骨质疏松的腰椎管狭窄症患者78例,其中43例选择TESSYS法治疗,35例选择传统开放手术治疗。术前、术后及末次随访时采用视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评估疼痛程度,术前、术后及末次随访采用日本矫形外科联合会下腰痛评分系统（JOA）评估腰椎功能改善情况。比较两组手术时间、出血量和并发症发生率。结果两组患者术前VAS和JOA评分的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,术后VAS评分均显著下降（P〈0．05）,JOA评分均显著升高（P〈0．05）,且两组间VAS和JOA评分的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;而TESSYS组的手术时间、出血量和并发症发生率显著少于开放手术组（P〈0．05）。结论与传统开放手术相比,TESSYS治疗伴有骨质疏松的腰椎管狭窄症疗效虽相当,但是安全性更高,具有手术时间短、出血量少,并发症少的优点。     

全椎板切除脊柱内固定治疗老年退行性腰椎管狭窄症的疗效

老年退行性腰椎管狭窄症是老年骨科常见的疾病之一,主要的临床表现是由于神经根受压而导致患者出现腰腿痛.对于大部分患者来说,病变较严重,病程较长,保守治疗效果较差,因此手术是主要的治疗手段[1,2].手术治疗能迅速改善患者的症状,但是由于老年退行性腰椎管狭窄症多存在脊柱不稳定,甚至存在退变性滑脱,传统手术并不能解决所有问题[3].     

单节段经椎间孔腰椎椎间融合术椎间融合器植入与单纯自体颗粒骨植骨治疗老年退变性腰椎管狭窄症的疗效

目的探讨经椎间孔入路微创单节段腰椎椎间融合术椎间融合器植入或单纯自体颗粒骨植骨两种融合方式治疗老年退变性腰椎管狭窄症的疗效。方法选取2011年3月至2012年7月该院骨科收治的拟接受经椎间孔入路的单节段腰椎椎间融合术的老年腰椎管狭窄症患者74例,随机分为融合器组和植骨组各37例。记录两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、治疗费用;分别于手术前、术后1 w、1年、2年进行随访,比较数字分级法(VAS)评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数问卷表(ODI)评分、椎间孔和椎间隙高度、腰椎前凸角、融合率、术后并发症情况。结果两组手术时间、术后住院时间、术中出血量之间均无统计学差异(P>0.05);融合器组患者治疗费用明显高于植骨组(P<0.05)。两组患者术后1年、2年的VAS评分、ODI评分与术前相比均明显降低(P<0.05);术后1年和术后2年的VAS评分、ODI评分两组间均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。融合器组术后2年椎间孔高度、椎间隙高度明显高于植骨组(P<0.05);两组术后2年腰椎前凸角度之间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。两组患者术后1年、2年融合率、术后并发症发生率差异均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论老年单节段退变性腰椎管狭窄症患者行微创经椎间孔入路的单节段腰椎椎间融合术治疗,椎间融合器植骨能够更好地恢复椎间隙、椎间孔的高度;自体颗粒骨植骨具有明显的经济优势。     

老年人腰椎管狭窄症的手术治疗46例分析

目的观察新术式多节段椎板开窗、椎管潜行式扩大减压成形术治疗老年人腰椎管狭窄症的疗效，并评价其优缺点。方法采用该术式治疗老年人腰椎管狭窄症４６例，其中退行性２９例，混合性１３例，发育性４例；有３例Ⅰ°腰椎滑脱。结果平均手术时间１个半小时，失血量２２０ｍｌ，平均术后３天下床功能煅练。手术并发症共３例，２例硬脊膜撕裂和１例神经根损伤。４６例随访时间１２～４４个月，平均２５个月。优１９例（４１．３％），良２１例（４５．７％），可６例（１３％），术后无症状加重和病情恶化者。结论结果表明本术式是治疗老年人腰椎管狭窄的一种安全和有效的方法。     

An open study of pamidronate in the treatment of refractory degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis

Degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis, manifesting as chronic low back pain and neurogenic claudication, is an increasing chronic problem in an aging population, with limited effective conservative treatment options. Based on previous reports on the utility of subcutaneous calcitonin and two anectodal cases, we launched an open therapeutic trial of IV monthly pamidronate infusions, over a course of 3–6 months in this condition. Of 24 patients, 75% reported pain improvement, with the mean VAS score improved by 40%; while composite functional improvement in walking time, activities of daily living, and sense of well being was reported by 66%, with a mean improvement of 50%. The results of this pilot trial suggest the usefulness of this modality and warrant examination in a controlled clinical trial.     

The effect of surgical and nonsurgical treatment on longitudinal outcomes of lumbar spinal stenosis over 10 years

OBJECTIVES: To assess the relative effect of initial surgical and nonsurgical treatment on longitudinal outcomes of patients with lumbar spinal stenosis over a 10-year follow-up period. DESIGN: A prospective observational cohort study. SETTING: Enrollment from community-based specialist practices throughout Maine. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred forty-four patients with lumbar spinal stenosis who had at least one follow-up: 77 initially treated surgically and 67 initially treated nonsurgically. INTERVENTION: Initial surgical or nonsurgical treatment. MEASUREMENTS: Clinical data were obtained at baseline and outcomes followed at regular intervals over 10 years with mailed questionnaires including patient-reported symptoms of back pain, leg symptoms, back-specific functional status, and satisfaction. Longitudinal data were analyzed using general linear mixed models. In addition to treatment (initial surgical or nonsurgical care), time period, and the interaction between treatment and time, the models included baseline score, patient age and sex, and a time-varying general health status score. The effects of these covariates in explaining differences between treatment groups were also examined. The effect of subsequent surgical procedures was assessed using different analysis strategies. RESULTS: The 10-year rate of subsequent surgical procedures was 23% and 38% for patients initially treated surgically and nonsurgically, respectively, and the overall 10-year survival rate was 69%. Patients undergoing initial surgical treatment had worse baseline symptoms and functional status than those initially treated nonsurgically. For all outcomes and at each time point, surgically treated patients reported greater improvement in symptoms and functional status and higher satisfaction scores, indicative of better outcomes, than nonsurgically treated patients. However, the relative magnitude of the benefit diminished over time such that the relative differences for low back pain and satisfaction were no longer significant over long-term follow-up (both P=.08 for treatment effect between 5 and 10 years after controlling for covariates). Regardless of initial treatment received, patients undergoing subsequent surgical procedures reported less improvement in outcomes over time than patients who did not undergo subsequent procedures, but the relative differences between treatment groups were similar in analyses that controlled for outcomes after subsequent procedures. CONCLUSION: After controlling for covariates, patients initially treated surgically demonstrated better outcomes on all measures than those initially treated nonsurgically. Although outcomes of initial surgical treatment remained superior over time, the relative benefit of surgery diminished in later years, especially for low back pain and satisfaction. Patients undergoing subsequent surgery had worse outcomes regardless of initial treatment received, but excluding them did not change overall treatment group comparisons. The analytical methods described may be helpful in the design and analysis of future studies comparing treatment outcomes for patients with lumbar spinal stenosis.     

椎管内扩大成形术治疗腰椎管狭窄症的临床疗效

目的探讨椎管内扩大成形术(EICP)治疗老年性中央型腰椎管狭窄的早期疗效及优势。方法回顾性地分析空军总医院2015年1月至2015年7月采用EICP治疗以间歇性跛行为主要表现的退行性中央型椎管狭窄患者23例。观察手术时间、术中出血量、术中神经脊髓监测情况、术后引流量、手术并发症情况,术后影像学观察腰椎管横截面积和腰椎融合情况,采用日本骨科联合会(JOA)评分、Oswestry失能指数(ODI)评分、间歇性跛行的改善情况评价临床效果。结果本组所有病例均获得随访,随访时间12~16(13.8±1.5)个月,单节段术中出血量(257.5±47.1)m1,手术时间(114.5±16.8)min,术后引流量(150.0±37.6)m1。双节段术中出血量(344.5±55.6)ml,手术时间(161.8±24.4)min,术后引流量(225.4±40.1)ml,术中脊髓神经监测均未见持续异常。3例患者发生并发症,1例术中出现硬膜囊撕裂,对症处理后术后5 d脑脊液停止,2例术后出现切口延期愈合,积极给予换药,术后3周愈合良好。术前、术后1周CT扫描手术目标狭窄节段水平椎管横截面积,术前L3-4(73.32±2.67)mm~2、L4-5(116.24±2.17)mm~2,术后L3-4(213.33±3.26)mm~2、L4-5(260.16±3.67)mm~2,术前术后差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后1年随访时JOA评分、ODI评分及间歇性跛行的情况较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。根据JOA评分,术后平均改善率90.05%。术后3个月、6个月、1年融合率分别为78.2%、86.9%、95.6%。结论 EICP是对传统中央型腰椎管狭窄症的全椎板切除减压手术的革新,体现了精准外科和微创外科的现代外科理念,既能对狭窄的椎管行有效减压,又能保护腰椎后方的原生结构不受到破坏,维持腰椎稳定性,增大植骨面积、提高融合率,手术疗效确切,并发症发生率低,是一种治疗腰椎管狭窄症的有效方法。     

Usefulness of preoperative Short Form-36 Mental Component Score as a prognostic factor in patients who underwent decompression surgery for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis

Physical factors such as frequency of low back pain, sensory abnormalities in the lower extremities, smoking history before surgery, and preoperative mental health status as predictors of operative outcomes have been growing as areas of interest in the field of degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS). This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the preoperative Short Form-36 Mental Component Score (SF-36 MCS) and long-term prognosis after decompression surgery for DLSS. In total, 198 patients were enrolled in this study. The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Rolland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) were used to evaluate spinal functional outcomes. The SF-36 questionnaire was used and analyzed by classifying it into physical component score (PCS) and mental component score (MCS). The SF-36 MCS was divided into role limitations caused by emotional problems, social functioning, vitality, and emotional well-being. In the correlation between preoperative MCS and ODI improvement, the r value was −0.595 (P < .05) at 12 months postoperatively. ODI improvement at 12 months after decompression surgery showed a statistically significant and strong negative correlation with preoperative MCS. In the correlation between preoperative MCS and RMDQ improvement, the r value was −0.544 (P < .05) at 12 months postoperatively. Therefore, RMDQ improvement 12 months after decompression surgery showed a strong negative correlation with preoperative MCS. Regarding the correlation between preoperative MCS and SF-36 PCS improvement, the r values were 0.321 (P < .05) at 6 months postoperatively and 0.343 (P < .05) at 12 months postoperatively. Therefore, SF-36 PCS improvement at 6 and 12 months after decompression surgery showed a strong positive correlation with preoperative SF-36 MCS scores. Preoperative SF-36 MCS is a factor that can predict the prognosis of patients who underwent decompression surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis for at least 1 year postoperatively.     

65岁以上老年人腰椎管狭窄症手术治疗的临床分析

目的 探讨老年人腰椎管狭窄症手术治疗的可靠性、手术方法及手术后效果。方法 回顾性分析1990年1月至2005年6月我院收治的65岁以上老年腰椎管狭窄症患者304例，其病程3~360个月，平均139．2个月，手术方法主要为单纯全椎板切除减压术、多节段椎板开窗减压术、全椎板及侧隐窝神经根管减压＋椎弓根螺钉固定术＋椎体间或（和）横突间植骨术。结果 术后264例恢复良好或优，优良率86．8％；34例感觉与术前比，变化不大；有6例较术前加重；无术中死亡患者。结论 老年患者多病程长、术前各种并存症多，掌握手术适应证应慎重，术前详细检查并积极地处理并存症、多科共同协作是手术成功的关键。手术应在充分的减压基础上尽量减少损伤，最短时间完成手术，根据实际合理的内固定促进植骨融合。术后积极的功能锻炼、早期的下床活动是保证手术效果、减少术后并发症的关键。     

老年退行性腰椎管狭窄症的外科治疗

目的探讨外科治疗老年退行性腰椎管狭窄症的方法及疗效。方法回顾性分析2003年2月至2006年4月中山医院骨科收治的70岁及以上退行性腰椎管狭窄症患者137例,男92例,女45例;年龄70～81岁,平均75.6±6.2岁;病史3～8年,平均5.3±0.4年。41例患者术前合并一种或多种内科疾病,所有病人术前均经内科治疗,病情稳定3个月以上后方行手术。112例行单纯全椎板或部分椎板切除减压术;25例采用椎板减压＋椎弓根固定＋椎间植骨融合术。结果围手术期并发症12例,经对症处理及内科联合治疗后好转,无围手术期死亡病例。本组平均随访时间2年6个月,Oswestry评分术前为62.42±11.36,术后为17.25±5.62。所有患者术后神经受压症状均有改善,连续行走从术前不足15min到术后至少30min。结论手术治疗有助于老年退行性腰椎管狭窄症患者神经功能的恢复,术前积极治疗合并症可以降低围手术期风险。