高脂饲料对OLETF大鼠糖代谢及血清磷脂脂肪酸组成的影响

目的:观察高脂饲料对自发性2型糖尿病模型OLETF大鼠糖代谢及血清磷脂脂肪酸组成的影响。方法:将20只14w雄性OLETF大鼠随机分为两组,分别以高脂及标准饲料喂饲10w,两种饲料中饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸占总脂肪酸的百分含量相似。大鼠第24w龄时进行口服糖耐量试验,同时测定大鼠的胰岛素水平和血清磷脂脂肪酸组成。结果:实验期间两组大鼠总进食量无统计学差异,但高脂饲料组大鼠体重明显高于标准饲料组(P<0.01);口服糖耐量试验和胰岛素水平测定结果表明,两组大鼠的糖代谢状态无统计学差异;血清磷脂脂肪酸组成中,除总n-6PUFA和18:3(n-3)的百分含量无统计学差异外,其他各脂肪酸组分在两组间的差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:在饲料脂肪酸组成保持可比的情况下,饲料脂肪量的增加可使OLETF大鼠的体重明显增加,而对糖代谢的影响不明显,同时对OLETF大鼠血清磷脂脂肪酸组成产生明显影响。     

脂肪乳剂对健康人外周血单个核细胞磷脂脂肪酸组成的影响

目的探讨脂肪乳剂对健康人免疫细胞脂肪酸组成的影响。方法采用毛细管气相色谱法检测8名健康志愿者连续7天外周静脉输注脂肪乳剂(20%intralipid)后,外周血单个核细胞磷脂脂肪酸谱的变化。结果静脉输注脂肪乳剂对健康人外周血单个核细胞数量、肝功能和血脂无影响,软脂酸(C16∶0)、油酸(C18∶1N9)比例在单个核细胞磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)中明显增加(P<0.05,P<0.01);硬脂酸(C18∶0)减少(P<0.05);亚麻酸(C18∶3N3)、软油酸(C16∶1N7)在磷脂酰胆碱(PC)中明显增加(P<0.05),而其余脂肪酸均未发生明显改变。饱和脂肪酸与不饱和脂肪酸的比值(S/U)和脂肪酸的不饱和指数(UI)在单个核细胞PE、PC中均保持不变。结论脂肪乳剂不可能通过影响免疫细胞磷脂脂肪酸组成的途径对免疫功能产生影响。     

碘氟联用对大鼠红细胞膜磷脂和脂肪酸的影响

目的研究高氟及碘氟联用对大鼠红细胞膜磷脂和脂肪酸组成的影响。方法选用SD大鼠，饮用加氟(150mg／L)及同时分别加入不同浓度碘化钾(0．003，0．03，3mg／L)溶液共5个月，用高效液相色谱法测定大鼠红细胞膜磷脂和肪肪酸含量。结果高碘高氟组大鼠血液红细胞膜磷脂含量下降；高氟组大鼠血液红细胞膜的不饱和脂肪酸下降，饱和脂肪酸含量上升，中等浓度的碘起到毒性协同作用。结论长期摄入过量氟导致血液红细胞膜磷脂、脂肪酸组成改变，不饱和脂肪酸减少，这可能与自由基水平升高所造成的脂质过氧化增强有关；一定浓度的碘可能对氟中毒大鼠血液中红细胞膜磷脂脂肪酸组成的影响有协同作用。     

血浆脂肪酸和食物频率法评估脂肪摄入的相关性研究

<正>食物频率法(FFQ)是常用的膳食调查方法之一,它经过几十年的研究发展可分为定性、定量和半定量食物频率法。食物频率法优点很多,但其缺点是存在回忆偏倚,因此需要对其准确度进行评价,国外很多研究显示食物频率法对各种营养素评价有优劣之分,可较好的反映体内某些营养素,但对于另外一些营养素又不适用。Hodson等的研究表明[1]血浆脂肪酸是评价膳食脂肪酸的良好指标。本研究以α-亚麻酸、亚油酸和硬脂酸作为生物标志物,比较膳食脂肪酸与血浆脂肪     

不同膳食脂肪酸对携瘤小鼠癌组织和胰肝脂肪酸谱的影响

目的研究不同类别的膳食脂肪酸对携带人胰腺癌细胞裸鼠的癌组织、胰腺和肝脏脂肪酸谱的影响。方法以正常餐(ND,脂肪质量分数5%)为基础制成分别富含月桂酸(C12:0)、油酸(C18:1)、亚油酸(C18:2n6)和亚麻酸(C18:3n3)的4种高脂餐(HFD,脂肪质量分数19%)。将五组携带MiaPaCa2人胰腺癌细胞的裸鼠分别用ND和4种HFD喂养。7 w后,对瘤块、胰腺和肝脏进行脂肪酸谱测定。结果 HFD中富含饱和的C12:0,并不能使瘤块、胰腺、肝脏中C12:0的含量增多,而可使更长碳链的棕榈酸(C16:0)和/或硬脂酸(C18:0)在上述组织中含量增多(P0.05);HFD中富含不饱和的C18:1、C18:2n6和C18:3n3可使相应的脂肪酸在瘤块、胰腺、肝脏中含量增多(P0.05)。结论摄入不同膳食脂肪酸可使携带人胰腺癌细胞裸鼠的癌组织、胰腺和肝脏的脂肪酸谱发生相应的改变。[营养学报,2019,41(5):476-481]     

不同磷脂／甘油三酯比的脂肪乳剂对大鼠血脂的影响

目的：观察不同磷脂／甘油三酯比的脂肪乳剂对血脂的影响。方法：雄性Wistar大鼠随机分成3组，分别经上腔静脉插管输入等热量的磷脂／甘油三酯比分别为0．06和0．12的脂肪乳剂或不做处理，连续应用24h。于实验后检测 油三酯，磷脂，胆固醇的变化。结果：应用脂肪乳剂后血甘油三酯两组均有提高，但各组间无明显差别。但与应用磷脂／甘油三酯比为0．06的脂3肪乳剂相比，输入磷脂／甘油三酯比为0．12的脂肪乳剂后，血磷脂，胆固醇显升高，结论：磷脂／甘油三酯比而非甘油三酯是引起血脂蓄积的原因，应用低磷脂／甘油三酯比的脂肪乳剂可减少血脂蓄积。     

肠外营养中脂肪乳剂对红细胞膜磷脂脂肪酸组成的影响

利用大鼠胃肠外营养(PN)模型观察长链脂肪乳剂(LCT),中链/长链脂肪乳剂(MCT/LCT),以及不含脂肪乳剂对红细胞(RBC)膜磷脂肪酸组成的影响。PN总热量为300kcal.kg~(-1).d~(-1),非蛋白热卡:氮为182:1,LCT组,MCT/LCT组分别由10％的Intralipid和10％的Lypofundin提供30％的非蛋白热卡。7天后,分析RBC膜磷脂酰二极管胆硷(PC)脂肪酸组成。结果发现,不含脂肪乳剂组18:1n-9明显高于对照组;LCT组18:2n-6升高,而20:4n-6却下降;MCT/LCT组与对照组相比,脂肪酸组成变化不明显。结论:无脂肪乳剂TPN导致必需脂肪酸缺乏;LCT组由于18:2n-6的过量供给,抑制Δ6去饱和酶的活性,MCT/LCT组由于50％LCT被MCT替代,减低了对此酶活性抑制。     

血浆脂肪酸和食物频率法评估脂肪摄入的相关性研究北大核心CSCD

食物频率法（FFQ）是常用的膳食调查方法之一,它经过几十年的研究发展可分为定性、定量和半定量食物频率法。食物频率法优点很多,但其缺点是存在回忆偏倚,因此需要对其准确度进行评价,国外很多研究显示食物频率法对各种营养素评价有优劣之分,可较好的反映体内某些营养素,但对于另外一些营养素又不适用。     

碘氟联用对大鼠脑细胞膜磷脂和脂肪酸组成的影响

目的　研究不同浓度碘和高浓度氟联合作用对大鼠脑细胞膜磷脂和脂肪酸组成的影响。方法　给大鼠饮用高浓度的氟化钠 (15 0mg L) ,同时分别加入低、中、高浓度碘化钾(0 0 0 3、0 0 3和 3mg L)的溶液共 5个月 ,然后用液相色谱法分离和测定大鼠脑细胞磷脂和脂肪酸组成。结果　实验各组中各种磷脂含量无显著变化。高浓度氟和高浓度碘加氟 (15 0mg L + 3mg L)可使大鼠脑细胞膜脂肪酸构成比发生了明显的变化 ,饱和脂肪酸中的月桂酸(C12 :0 )显著增加 (P <0 0 5 ) ,不饱和脂肪酸中的亚油酸 (C18:2 )显著减少 ;中浓度碘对氟的这种作用有明显的拮抗作用 ,而高浓度时则反而有协同毒性作用。结论　氟中毒所致大鼠脑细胞膜脂肪酸组成的变化可能与氟致脂质过氧化作用有关 ,而 0 0 3mg L的碘化钾是本实验条件下拮抗氟中毒对大鼠脑细胞脂肪酸组成的最佳浓度     

青岛市体检人群日常膳食脂肪摄入调查分析

目的探讨青岛居民日常膳食中脂肪的摄入量,分析膳食脂肪摄入构成。方法在青岛市市立医院2012年健康查体人群中随机抽取189例进行体格检查、病史调查、空腹血生化检查、膳食调查。通过简化的食物频率表进行现场调查问卷,询问每一个调查对象过去一年中各类食物的摄入频率和摄人量。结果青岛居民每日每人粮谷类食物的平均摄入量约200g,薯类食物约26g,畜禽肉及内脏约85g,海产品约73g,其中小黄鱼、海虾和蛤蜊的摄入量较其他海产品高;坚果类和油脂类平均摄入量分别约23g和40g,摄入量较高。脂肪约占摄入总能量的37％,其中比重最高的为油脂类,约占摄入脂肪的43％,其次为坚果类（约11％）,其他分别为畜禽肉类（约5％）,海产品（约1．8％）。饱和脂肪酸（SFA）：单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）：多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）的比值为1：1．5：1．49,比例不均衡,其中MUFA、PUFA占总脂肪酸比例较高,而ω-3PUFA摄入量较低,人均每天仅约为0．15g。结论青岛居民膳食中营养素摄入齐全,脂肪摄人偏高,脂肪酸比例失衡,这样的膳食结构不利于预防和控制血脂异常及心血管等疾病。     

不同膳食摄入母亲的初乳及与婴儿脐血脂肪酸比较研究

【目的】研究中国沿海及内陆两种不同膳食模式对初乳及婴儿脐血血浆磷脂脂肪酸的影响。【方法】收集沿海温州及内陆常州两地配对5 d母初乳及脐血20例及82例进行观察性对照研究,采用高效毛细气相色谱分析技术检测初乳及婴儿脐血血浆中磷脂脂肪酸浓度。【结果】温州组5 d母初乳的脂肪酸中二十二碳六烯酸(docosa-hexaenoic acid,DHA)和二十碳五烯酸(docosapentaenoic acid,EPA)含量高于常州组,而常州组亚油酸(linolenic acid,LA)和α-亚麻酸(-lαinolenic acid,ALA)高于温州组;常州组婴儿脐血中血浆磷脂脂肪酸中LA和ALA高于温州组,而温州组中EPA高于常州组。【结论】两地5 d母初乳及脐血血浆磷脂脂肪酸中脂肪酸的差异,反映了其与母亲长期膳食结构的相关性。     

Increasing trends in dietary total fat and fatty acid intake among Korean children: using the 2007–2017 national data

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESThe prevalence of obesity has been increasing in Korean children. As an unhealthy diet is known as one of the major determinants of childhood obesity, assessing and monitoring dietary fat intake of children is needed.SUBJECTS/METHODSThis analysis included 9,998 children aged 3–11 yrs from the 2007–2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Dietary data were obtained from a single 24-h dietary recall. Intakes of total fat and fatty acids, including saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), n-3 fatty acid (n-3 FA), and n-6 fatty acid (n-6 FA) were evaluated as the absolute amount (g) and proportion of energy from each fatty acid (% of energy). The total fat and SFA intake were also assessed according to compliance with dietary guidelines. Linear trends in the dietary fats intake across the survey period were tested using multiple regression models.RESULTSTotal fat intake significantly increased from 38.5 g (20.3% of energy) to 43.4 g (23.3% of energy) from 2007 to 2017. This increase was mainly accounted for the increases in intakes of SFA (7.2% to 8.4% of energy) and MUFA (6.2% to 7.5% of energy). PUFA intake increased from 4.4 to 4.7% of energy during the 11-yrs period: from 0.57 to 0.63% of energy for n-3 FA and from 3.8 to 4.1% of energy for n-6 FA. The proportions of children who consumed amounts exceeding the dietary guidelines for total fat and SFA significantly increased from 2007 to 2017, with increases from 9.8% to 17.4% for total fat and from 36.9% to 50.9% for SFA.CONCLUSIONSProminent increasing trends in the consumption of total fat and SFA but tiny change in n-3 FA intake were observed in Korean children. The healthy intake of dietary fats should be emphasized in this population.     

不同配比高n-3/n-6多不饱和脂肪酸对大鼠胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的探讨长期摄入高脂不同n-3/n-6多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFAs)构成比的饮食后,大鼠胰岛素敏感性及血清炎症因子表达水平的变化。方法 40只刚断乳雄性SD大鼠适应性喂养7天后,根据体重随机分为4组:空白对照组(基础饲料)、高脂组(猪油)、高脂1∶1组(n-3/n-6为1∶1)和高脂1∶4组(n-3/n-6为1∶4),每组10只。每周记录一次大鼠体重,喂养16周处死动物,检测大鼠血脂、血清胰岛素敏感性和血清炎症因子(IL-6、TNF-α和hs-CRP)表达水平。结果与空白对照组相比,其他3个组体重显著上升(P<0.05);高脂1∶1组胰岛素敏感性与空白对照组比较,差异无显著性,且显著高于高脂组和高脂1∶4组(P<0.05);与高脂组相比,高脂1∶1组血清TNF-α和hs-CRP表达水平显著下降(P<0.05)。结论长期摄取高多不饱和脂肪酸同样具有肥胖风险,提高n-3PUFAs在膳食构成中的比重可以有效抑制炎症因子表达,改善胰岛素敏感性,预防胰岛素抵抗的发生。     

Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in inborn errors of metabolism

The treatment of children with inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) is mainly based on restricted dietary intake of protein-containing foods. However, dietary protein restriction may not only reduce amino acid intake, but may be associated with low intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids as well. This review focuses on the consequences of dietary restriction in IEM on the bioavailability of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) and on the attempts to ameliorate these consequences. We were able to identify during a literature search 10 observational studies investigating LCPUFA status in patients with IEM and six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting effect of LCPUFA supplementation to the diet of children with IEM. Decreased LCPUFA status, in particular decreased docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) status, has been found in patients suffering from IEM based on the evidence of observational studies. LCPUFA supplementation effectively improves DHA status without detectable adverse reactions. Further research should focus on functional outcomes of LCPUFA supplementation in children with IEM.     

孕期不同膳食模式对膳食脂肪酸含量及母初乳脂肪酸组成的影响

【目的】研究中国两种不同膳食模式地区膳食脂肪酸(fatty acid,FA)含量的差异,并探讨这种差异对母初乳脂肪酸组成的影响。【方法】对传统内陆膳食(常州)和海洋膳食(温州)地区孕晚期孕妇进行7d膳食调查,根据《2002中国食物成份数据》中的食物脂肪酸含量数据计算出膳食脂肪酸含量;并通过随访这些孕妇收集5d母初乳样本,采用高效毛细气相色谱分析技术检测5d母初乳的脂肪酸组成。【结果】常州与温州两地孕母摄入的膳食种类存在差异,温州地区孕母摄入的海洋食品远大于常州地区。常州地区孕母膳食脂肪酸中亚油酸(linoleic acid,LA)和α-亚麻酸(α-linolenic acid,ALA)含量均高于温州地区;而二十二碳六烯酸(docosahexaenoic acid,DHA)和二十碳五烯酸(eicosap-entaenoic acid,EPA)含量均低于温州地区;花生四稀酸(arachidonic acid,AA)含量则未见显著差异。两地膳食脂肪酸组成中LA、ALA、AA以及DHA的差异同样反应在5d母初乳中,但两地5d母初乳中的EPA含量差异无显著性。【结论】膳食模式不同的两个地区,其孕母的膳食脂肪酸含量存在差异,且这种差异可在母初乳脂肪酸组成中得到体现。     

高胆固醇血症患者膳食脂肪摄入与血脂变化的相关性研究

目的 研究高胆固醇血症患者膳食脂肪摄入与血脂变化之间的关系.方法 筛查739名志愿者后,纳入297例血清总胆固醇(TC)5.13 mmol/L的广州市民,随访6个月,采用连续3 d的24 h膳食回顾法及食用油种类及用量记录表调查研究对象膳食摄入情况,并测定研究对象在研究起始和结束时的血脂水平,分析不同膳食脂肪供能比及脂肪酸供能比与血脂变化的关系.结果 纳入研究对象297例,其中281例(男88例,女193例)完成6个月的研究,研究起始时对象的TC为(6.09±0.68)mmot/L.将研究对象按照总脂供能比,分为<25%(90例),25%～30%(97例),30%(94例)3组,总脂供能比≤30%的Ⅰ组及Ⅱ组TC、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)降低率大于总脂供能比30%的Ⅲ组.将研究对象按照饱和脂肪酸(SFA)供能比分为<7%(81例),7%～10%(129例),10%(71例)3组,SFA供能比≤10%的Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组TC、LDL-C降低率大于SFA供能比10%的Ⅲ组.将研究对象按照单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)供能比分为<10%(93例),10%～13%(106例),13%(82例)3组,MUFA供能比为10%～13%的Ⅱ组,代和LDL-C降低率大于另外两组.将研究对象按照多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)供能比分为<7%(88例),7%～9%(94例),9%(99例)3组,未发现3组间血脂降低率差异有统计学意义.结论 对于血脂异常患者,总脂供能比≤30%,SFA供能比≤10%,MUFA供能比在10%～13%的范围有利于改善其血脂水平.     

Food behaviors accounting for the recent trends in dietary fatty acid profiles among Korean adults

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESThis study examined the changes in food behaviors of dietary fatty acids over 2007–2018 among Korean adults.SUBJECTS/METHODSThis study used data from the 4th (2007–2009), 5th (2010–2012), 6th (2013–2015), and 7th (2016–2018) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. A total of 46,307 adults aged 19–64 yrs were selected and dietary data were obtained from a single 24-h recall. In the 4th and 7th data, the major food sources for each fatty acid based on the contributing percentage of the food item were compared. The consumption trends in the major food sources were presented as grams per day over 2007–2018 and compared across the survey periods using the multiple regression model.RESULTSFrom 2007 to 2018, for total fat, saturated fatty acid (SFA), and monounsaturated fatty acid, the contribution of animal food sources, including beef, chicken, and eggs increased but plant food sources (e.g., tofu, soybean, and plant oil) decreased. As polyunsaturated fatty acid sources, mayonnaise, eggs, and bread showed higher contributions, whereas soybean and tofu showed lower contributions in the 7th data compared to the 4th data. For n-3 fatty acids, the contribution of fish decreased between the 4th and 7th data. Over 12 yrs, the significant increases in the absolute amount of consumption from animal sources were observed. In contrast, decreases in the consumption from plant sources and fish were seen across the survey periods.CONCLUSIONSIn Korean adults, increases in the intake of dietary fatty acids along with changes in the food behaviors during 2007–2018 have evoked great concern for SFA intake, which is a cardiovascular disease risk factor. Healthy food sources of dietary fatty acids should be emphasized in this population.     

Evaluation of the composition of omega-3 fatty acids in dietary oil supplements

Aim: The aim of the present study was to determine the fatty acid composition of 19 dietary oil supplements that are commercially available in Australia, comparing findings with manufacturers' reported omega-3 fatty acid content. Methods: Fifteen fish oil supplements and four non-fish oil supplements were obtained from Australian retail stores. Fatty acids were derivatised, and fatty acid methyl esters were quantitated using classical GC-flame ionisation detection methods. Composition of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid reported by supplement manufacturers was compared with experimental values using the Bland-Altman plot. Results: The combined eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid content in the fish oil and non-fish oil supplements was 17.63–71.45% and 0.00–0.05% respectively. A high level of congruency was observed for the composition of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid reported by manufacturers and determined experimentally (mean difference, eicosapentaenoic acid, 13.2 mg; docosahexaenoic acid, 12.8 mg). Conclusion: Current practice in pre-market assessment of complementary medicines in Australia is satisfactory for supplements examined in the present study. Intake of these fish oil supplements can be used to provide high levels of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids that would be otherwise difficult to achieve through normal dietary intake alone.