Clinicopathological study on 100 early gastric cancer cases.

Clinicopathological study was given to 100 early gastric cancer cases. The cases included 50 intramucosal lesions (m-group) and 62 submucosal lesions (sm-group), and the share is 17% of whole cases treated surgically. The sex ratio is about 2:1 (male : female). According to the classification by location, the occurrence rate of lesion on anterior wall is 18.8%. This fact suggests the impotance of roentgenscopy by compression technique and double contrast in a prone position focussed on anterior wall. In addition, endoscopy is essential in order to detect minute cancers. The rates of metastasis of early gastric cancers is 2.4% of m-group and 16.1% of sm-group. No metastasis occurs in protruded or elevated type as far as cancer cells remain within the mucosa. Once cancer cells infiltrate into the submucosa, metastasis is observed in 36%. In the present cases, 9 (9%) out of 100 cases of early gastric cancers are the multiple cases. In order to avoid oversight of cancer foci, the portion of stomach to be remained after surgery should be throughly examined prior to operation and again under direct vision after gastric incision.     

早期胃癌的临床病理特征及预后分析

目的 探讨和总结早期胃癌(early gastric cancer,EGC)的临床病理特征,并分析其与患者预后之间的关系,研究EGC淋巴转移的规律.方法 回顾性分析1990年1月-2005年12月152例EGC的临床病理资料及其对预后的影响.结果 肿瘤大小、浸润深度及淋巴转移与EGC预后相关.结论 淋巴转移是影响EGC预后的关键因素,肿瘤大小、浸润深度、分化程度是EGC淋巴转移的独立危险因子,术前对这些因素的评估有助于选择合理的治疗方案.     

伴有微乳头结构的早期胃癌临床病理分析

目的 探讨伴有微乳头结构的早期胃癌的临床病理特征。 方法 从常州第二人民医院2006年1月至2016年12月连续收治的447例早期胃癌病例中,筛选出伴有微乳头结构者（微乳头成分≥5％的腺癌）8例（1.8％）纳入观察组,其余439例纳入对照组,对比分析2组在患者年龄、性别构成以及病变大体类型、肿瘤部位、肿瘤大小、浸润深度、脉管侵犯、淋巴结转移、病理分期方面的差异。 结果 2组在患者年龄、性别构成以及病变大体类型、肿瘤部位、肿瘤大小构成方面差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。观察组黏膜下层浸润率、脉管侵犯率、淋巴结转移率以及病理分期Ⅱ～Ⅲ期占比分别为100.0％（8／8）、62.5％（5／8）、62.5％（5／8）和25.0％（2／8）,对照组分别为52.4％（230／439）、9.1％（40／439）、13.9％（61／439）和5.9％（26／439）,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。 结论 伴有微乳头结构的早期胃癌属胃癌的罕见特殊亚型,较无微乳头结构的早期胃癌易侵犯脉管和发生淋巴结转移,病理分期晚。     

漏诊型同时性多发早期胃癌的临床病理特征分析

目的:探讨漏诊型同时性多发早期胃癌（synchronous multiple early gastric cancer,SMEGC）的临床病理学特征。方法:回顾性收集并分析2015年1月—2019年12月于首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院就诊的10例漏诊型SMEGC患者的临床资料,并对其临床特点、内镜表现及病理结果进行描述...     

Clinicopathological features of early gastric cancer with duodenal invasion

The incidence of early gastric cancer （EGC） with duodenal invasion is extremely low, although advanced gastric cancer that arises in the antrum occasionally invades the duodenum. We investigated the clinicopathological features of EGC with duodenal invasion and provided strategies for clinical management.A Medline search was performed using the keyword early gastric cancer＂ and ＂duodenal invasion＇： Additional articles were obtained from references within the papers identified by the Medline search. We revealed that EGC with duodenal invasion was of the superficial spreading type of tumor. Tumors 〉 60 mm in size invaded the duodenum more extensively, and the distance of duodenal invasion from the pyloric ring was further in the elevated type than in the depressed type of tumor.There was no significant difference between the length of duodenal invasion and the histological type of the tumor. Gastric cancer located adjacent to the pyloric ring, even if cancer invasion was confined to the mucosa or submucosa, was more likely to invade the duodenum.The present study reveals that the elevated type of EGC is associated with more extensive duodenal invasion when the tumor size is 〉 60 ram, thus highlighting the importance of identification of duodenal invasion in these cases. We also reveal that sufficient duodenal resection with a cancer-free distal surgical margin should be performed in cases of duodenal invasion.     

内镜下表现为浅表病变的进展期胃癌1例

2003年巴黎浅表肿瘤共识对食管、胃、结肠浅表型肿瘤的形态学分型进行了统一，所有浅表型肿瘤均归为O型，无论其病理学结果如何。胃浅表型肿瘤病变包括上皮内瘤变与胃恶性肿瘤，后者绝大多数情况下均指早期胃癌，此外亦包括少数特殊进展期胃癌。以下报告1例浅表型进展期胃癌患者。     

早期胃癌淋巴结转移规律的临床病理因素研究

目的探讨早期胃癌临床病理因素与淋巴结转移规律的相关性。方法回顾性分析2012年1月—2018年12月期间在陆军军医大学第一附属医院经胃镜下活检病理确诊,并实施外科根治手术的早期胃癌病例,采用单因素分析及Logistic回归多因素分析相关临床病理因素与各组淋巴结转移的关系。结果164例早期癌患者中,34例出现转移。单因素分析显示病理分化程度、浸润深度、肿瘤最大径、脉管浸润与早期胃癌淋巴结转移相关(P均<0.05)。Logistic回归多因素分析结果显示:肿瘤最大径>2 cm(OR=3.2,95%CI:2.305~4.187)、浸润至黏膜下层(OR=2.5,95%CI:2.091~3.859)、病理分化不良(OR=1.7,95%CI:1.029~2.933)及脉管侵犯(OR=2.1,95%CI:1.817~3.176)是早期胃癌淋巴结转移的独立影响因素(P均<0.05)。上部癌中转移率较高的淋巴结依次是第1组(66.7%)、第3组(33.3%);中部癌中转移率较高的淋巴结依次是第3组(75.0%)、第4组(25.0%);下部癌中转移率较高的淋巴结依次是第6组(33.3%)、第3组(25.9%)、第4组(25.9%)及第7组(14.8%)。从转移站别看,分化良好且肿瘤直径≤2 cm的黏膜内早期癌,各部位癌第1站均未见淋巴结转移。结论早期胃癌肿瘤最大径>2 cm﹑浸润至黏膜下层﹑病理分化程度低及脉管受侵犯是淋巴结转移的危险因素。上、中、下部癌均有其各自的高发区域,早期胃癌的淋巴结胃周转移基本符合由近及远的规律。     

Clinicopathological characteristics of clinical early gastric cancer in the upper-third stomach

AIM: To elucidate the clinicopathological characteristics of clinically early gastric cancer in the upper-third stomach and to clarify treatment precautions.METHODS: A total of 683 patients with clinical early gastric cancer were enrolled in this retrospective study, 128 of whom had gastric cancer in the upper-third stomach (U group). All patients underwent a double contrast barium examination, endoscopy, and computed tomography (CT), and were diagnosed preoperatively based on the findings obtained. The clinicopathological features of these patients were compared with those of patients with gastric cancer in the middle- and lower-third stomach (ML group). We also compared clinicopathological factors between accurate-diagnosis and under-diagnosis groups in order to identify factors affecting the accuracy of a preoperative diagnosis of tumor depth.RESULTS: Patients in the U group were older (P = 0.029), had a higher ratio of males to females (P = 0.015), and had more histologically differentiated tumors (P = 0.007) than patients in the ML group. A clinical under-diagnosis occurred in 57 out of 683 patients (8.3%), and was more frequent in the U group than in the ML group (16.4% vs 6.3%, P < 0.0001). Therefore, the rates of lymph node metastasis and lymphatic invasion were slightly higher in the U group than in the ML group (P = 0.071 and 0.082, respectively). An under-diagnosis was more frequent in histologically undifferentiated tumors (P = 0.094) and in those larger than 4 cm (P = 0.024). The median follow-up period after surgery was 56 mo (range, 1-186 mo). Overall, survival and disease-specific survival rates were significantly lower in the U group than in the ML group (P = 0.016 and 0.020, respectively). However, limited operation-related cancer recurrence was not detected in the U group in the present study.CONCLUSION: Clinical early gastric cancer in the upper-third stomach has distinguishable characteristics that increase the risk of a clinical under-diagnosis, especially in patients with larger or undifferentiated tumors.     

Clinicopathological features of alpha-fetoprotein producing early gastric cancer with enteroblastic differentiation

AIMTo investigate clinicopathological features of early stage gastric cancer with enteroblastic differentiation (GCED).METHODSWe retrospectively investigated data on 6 cases of early stage GCED and 186 cases of early stage conventional gastric cancer (CGC: well or moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma) who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection or endoscopic mucosal resection from September 2011 to February 2015 in our hospital. GCED was defined as a tumor having a primitive intestine-like structure composed of cuboidal or columnar cells with clear cytoplasm and immunohistochemical positivity for either alpha-fetoprotein, Glypican 3 or SALL4. The following were compared between GCED and CGC: age, gender, location and size of tumor, macroscopic type, ulceration, depth of invasion, lymphatic and venous invasion, positive horizontal and vertical margin, curative resection rate.RESULTSSix cases (5 males, 1 female; mean age 75.7 years; 6 lesions) of early gastric cancer with a GCED component and 186 cases (139 males, 47 females; mean age 72.7 years; 209 lesions) of early stage CGC were investigated. Mean tumor diameters were similar but rates of submucosal invasion, lymphatic invasion, venous invasion, and non-curative resection were higher in GCED than CGC (66.6% vs 11.4%, 33.3% vs 2.3%, 66.6% vs 0.4%, 83.3% vs 11% respectively, P < 0.01). Deep submucosal invasion was not revealed endoscopically or by preoperative biopsy. Histologically, in GCED the superficial mucosal layer was covered with a CGC component. The GCED component tended to exist in the deeper part of the mucosa to the submucosa by lymphatic and/or venous invasion, without severe stromal reaction. In addition, Glypican 3 was the most sensitive marker for GCED (positivity, 83.3%), immunohistochemically.CONCLUSIONEven in the early stage GCED has high malignant potential, and preoperative diagnosis is considered difficult. Endoscopists and pathologists should know the clinicopathological features of this highly malignant type of cancer.     

A p53 genetic polymorphism of gastric cancer： Difference between early gastric cancer and advanced gastric cancer

INTRODUCTIONGastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide,although the overall incidence of gastric cancer has been decreasing over the past few decades.Chronic H pylori infection and dietary factors,such as those high in salt or nitrate…     

A p53 genetic polymorphism of gastric cancer: Difference between early gastric cancer and advanced gastric cancer

AIM: To investigate the role of the polymorphism of p53 codon 72 in early gastric cancer (EGC) and advanced gastric cancer (AGC) in Korean patients.METHODS:DNA was extracted from blood samples of gastric cancer patients (n = 291) and controls (n=216).tn the p53 codon 72 genotypes were determined by PCR-RFLP.RESULTS: Patients with gastric cancer had a significantly higher frequency of the homozygous proline (Pro) allele than the control (P=0.032). Patients with AGC had a significantly higher frequency of the Arg/Arg (arginine)allele (P=0.038) than EGC and a similar Pro/Pro allele.The signet ring cell type had a higher frequency of the Pro/Pro allele than other types (P=0.031). The Pro/Pro genotype carries a 3.9-fold increased risk of developing gastric cancer (95% CI,1.3-15.4,P=0.039)when compared to Arg/Arg and Arg/Pro genotypes and to develop EGC is a 5.25 fold increased risk (95% CI,1.8-19.6,P=0.021).CONCLUSION: The Pro/Pro genotype of the p53 codon 72 polymorphism carries a higher risk for gastric cancer in general and is also associated with a much higher risk for EGC than AGC.     

Clinicopathological study of lymph-node metastasis in 1,389 patients with early gastric cancer: assessment of indications for endoscopic resection

BACKGROUND: The endoscopic resection of early gastric cancers (EGC) is a standard technique in Japan and is increasingly used throughout the world. Further experience in the treatment of EGC and a clearer delineation of the factors related to lymph‐node metastasis would permit a more accurate assessment of endoscopic resection. METHODS: The study group comprised 1389 patients with EGC who underwent gastrectomy with lymph‐node dissection. We evaluated the relations of lymph‐node metastasis to clinicopathological factors. RESULTS: Of the 718 patients with intramucosal carcinomas, 14 (1.9%) had lymph‐node metastasis. All cases of lymph‐node metastasis were associated with ulceration. No lymph‐node metastasis was found in patients with intramucosal carcinomas without ulceration, irrespective of tumor size and histological type. Lymph‐node metastasis was present in 14 (4.7%) of the 296 patients who had cancer with a submucosal invasion depth of less than 500 μm (sm1). Significantly increased rates of lymph‐node metastasis were associated with undifferentiated types, ulcerated lesions and lymphatic invasion. No lymph‐node metastasis was found in patients with differentiated sm1 carcinomas 30 mm or less in diameter without ulceration. Lymph‐node metastasis occurred in 29% of the patients who had cancer with a submucosal invasion depth of 500 μm or more (sm2). CONCLUSION: This large series of patients with EGC provides further evidence supporting the expansion of indications for endoscopic treatment, as well as warns against potential risks.     

胃癌组织中微淋巴管的生成特点及临床病理意义

目的:探讨胃癌组织中微淋巴管的生成特点及与临床病理特征之间的关系.方法:对胃癌56例及相应正常胃组织12例进行双重免疫组织化学染色,采用微淋巴管特异标记物Podoplanin标记微淋巴管,同时采用Ki-67来检测微淋巴管内皮细胞的增殖活性,并观察微淋巴管分布特点,分析其与临床病理特征之间的关系.结果:胃癌组织中存在微淋巴管,但分布不一致.癌内微淋巴管数目少,并且多呈闭锁条索状,癌周微淋巴管数目多且多扩张,呈管腔样,有时可在其中发现癌栓.胃癌癌周微淋巴管密度(11.89±3.95)与癌内微淋巴管密度(5.83±3.26)相比较,差别有显著统计学意义(P<0.01),与相应正常组织微淋巴管密度(6.93±1.32)相比较,差别亦有统计学意义(P<0.05).胃癌癌周微淋巴管内皮细胞Ki-67指数(0.04±0.02)分别与癌内微淋巴管内皮细胞Ki-67指数(0)及相应正常胃组织微淋巴管内皮细胞Ki-67指数(0)相比较,差别均有统计学意义(P<0.05).胃癌癌周微淋巴管密度与肿瘤的分化程度、淋巴结转移以及淋巴管受累相关(P<0.05).胃癌癌周微淋巴管内皮细胞Ki-67指数仅与淋巴管受累相关(P<0.05).结论:胃癌组织中存在新生淋巴管,且主要存在于癌周,癌周淋巴管是发生淋巴结转移的主要途径.     

Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study on penetrating and superficial spreading type of early gastric cancers

Specific type of early gastric cancer based on the cancer surface area and the degree of invasion were studied by measuring digital values of the cancer surface area in early gastric cancer patients. The results indicated that the pen and super type of early gastric cancer had many clinicopathological characteristics as compared with common type of early gastric cancer. An immunohistochemical study also revealed that the pen type of early gastric cancer had a high growth activity. Moreover, it was suggested that EGF was involved in its specific invasion and growth, and that EGF and TGF-beta affected its scirrhous growth. The possibility that the poorly differentiated pen type is an early lesion of linitis plastica type gastric cancer was also considered. From these findings, it was assumed that the immunological staining of EGF and TGF-beta in biopsy specimens might be useful in the diagnosis of the pen type of early gastric cancer and also in diagnosis of early lesion of linitis plastica type gastric cancer.