胃癌患者手纹的初探

目的　为了探讨当地胃癌患者的手纹特征。方法　按活体测量要求和全国统一分型标准 ,用普鲁士蓝反应法捺取手印。结果　胃癌患者指纹分型特点 :Ws>Lu>Wd>Lr>As>At。掌褶纹 :通贯型出现率最高 ,明显高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。尺箕 (Lu)明显低于对照组 (P <0 0 1)。斗形 (W )明显高于对照组 (P <0 0 1)。结论　胃癌患者指纹出现率与对照组指纹出现率存在明显差异。指纹的检查结果对胃癌诊断初筛提供线索和参考     

智能低下患儿手纹分析

智力低下患儿的皮纹取自太原市南城区，1990年对6673名0—6岁儿童智能低下调查中查出的44名患儿．本文对41例智能低下患儿手纹进行了分析，共中22项有显著或高度显著性差别，说明智能低下患者皮纹与正常人不同，进行广泛深入，细致的分析，对病因和遗传方式研究，以及咨询门诊和群体普查有一定意义．     

湖南侗族左扣手人群的手纹分析

目的　对湖南侗族左扣手人群的手纹分布特点进行研究 ,积累侗族群体遗传学与民族学资料。方法　用油墨拓印法捺印手纹 ,放大镜下观察分析。结果　侗族左扣手人的指纹分型特点是 :尺箕 >简斗 >双箕斗 >桡箕 >简弓 >帐弓 ;Ws型在各手指的出现率、掌褶纹类型的百分率、以及总指纹嵴数和a -b纹嵴线数存在明显的性差 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1) ;女性Ws和Lu的出现率、男性Ws和Wd在各指的分布 ,以及通贯型掌褶纹百分率与对照组存在明显差异 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1)。结论　湖南侗族左扣手人的斗型纹与掌褶纹的分布具有一定的特异性     

碘缺乏症儿童的手纹分析

碘缺乏症在我国流行甚广，病区人口达4．25亿，占世界病区人口的40%，这严重地影响着我国人口素质的提高。我所优生室于1994年4月对山西省沁县6-14岁碘缺乏症患儿50例进行了皮纹观察分析，其结果7项与正常人比较有显著性差异。结果显示，碘缺乏症患儿在胚胎期受内外环境影响，就伴随着皮纹发育的异常。应用皮纹学对地方病进行筛查研究工作，是一种简便易行、经济的方法，在我国具有一定的现实意义。     

弱智儿童Stroop效应实验研究

目的探讨弱智儿童色一词干扰效应现象，智力落后是否影响Stroop效应。方法用于实验走三套板块，每套板块含四块纸板。第一套板块（称属A条件），用于封颜色读名实验；第二套板块（称为B条件），用于封黑字读名实验；第三套板块（称为C条件），用于读用不同颜色写的但与颜色相矛盾的字读名实验。被试按实验要求，依次进行A、B、C条件实验。主试用记时器记绿被试在不同实验条件下的读名时间及误差次数．结果读字名比封读色名速度快。Stroop效应（C条件）现象，在弱智儿童中表现得比正常儿童更为强烈，结论智商低下会出现更明显Stroop效应。     

28例先天性睾丸发育不全的染色体改变与手纹分析

本文通过对２８例Ｋｌｉｎｅｆｅｌｔｅｒ综合征的染色体与手皮纹变化进行分析，发现染色体改变与皮纹变化有显著性差异。手指端弓型纹、桡箕纹、掌中变异花纹明显增多。而指端双箕斗明显减少，掌三叉点ｔ＞１５％频率显著提高。以上数据比值与正常人比较Ｐ＜０．０１。ａｔｄ角普遍增大，通贯手增多，（Ｐ＜０．０５）。这变化为该病的早期诊断提供了依据。     

弱智儿童的父母心理状况调查

本研究采用ＳＣＬ－９０症状自评量表，１１０例弱智儿童的父母进行调查，结果表明，各因子分均高于成年常模，尤其是躯体化、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑和敌对性更为突出。说明这一群体存有明显的心理障碍，提供心理咨询和心理治疗是必要的。     

先天性聋哑人的手纹学调查

本观察了鄂西163例汉族先天性聋哑人的手纹学特征，并与正常人的手纹进行了比较。结果表明：男性聋哑人的A，W及A／A，A／L减少，L^u及L／L增多；女性聋哑人TFRC增多，atd角变大，t%均数减少，桥贯型掌褶增多；男女Th/I1区真实花纹均减少。同时作将其结果与牛秀宁^[1]对聋哑人手掌皮肤纹理学观察结果进行了比较。     

弱智儿童颜色命名能力的发展研究

本研究探讨８～１４岁不同智商的弱智儿童的颜色命名能力的发展特点，并与正常儿童作比较。结果表明，①智商在３７～５１，平均４１．５的弱智儿童，对８种常见的颜色即红、橙、黄、绿、蓝、紫及黑、白，平均正确命名率为６９．０％；智商在５５～７５，平均６１．３的弱智儿童，平均正确命名率为８８．１％，二者存在明显差异；②与正常儿童比较，前者相当于正常４岁儿童水平，后者接近５岁正常儿童水平；③弱智儿童不同颜色的正确     

40例弱智儿童脑电地形图分析

对４０例弱智儿童进行脑电地形图检查，以２５名正常儿童的脑电地形图作为对照，分析了二组脑地形图中σ、θ、α１、α２、β１、β２等六个频段脑波的分布情况及慢σ、θ功率级别的差异。结果表明：弱智儿童的α段与正常儿童相比分布无规律性；β频段不活跃；而σ、θ频段的功率级及功率值均明显高于正常儿童组，经统计学处理两组具有显著性差异（Ｐ＜００１；Ｐ＜００５）。     

广东汉族指节纹研究

目的了解汉族指节纹的形态特点。方法粉笔—碳素墨水—透明胶带法采集指节纹,放大镜下鉴定纹型,调查分析了17～21岁广东地区420例(男210人,女210人)汉族的指节纹。结果汉族指节纹以钩型(39.98%)最多;其次是弓型(20.97%)和直线型(15.07%)。分析了纹型在各指分布特点,比较了不同民族和不同人种间的差异,并对差异的可能原因进行了讨论。结论指节纹是皮纹学的有效参数,对深入进行体质人类学和医学遗传学研究有重要意义。     

云南昆明彝族和汉族儿童HLA-DRB1等位基因的多态性研究

目的研究昆明彝族和汉族儿童HLA-DRB1基因的多态性,探讨其在昆明彝族和汉族人群中的遗传特征。方法应用PCR-SSP基因分型技术,对云南昆明地区70名彝族和72名汉族健康儿童进行了HLA-DRB1位点的基因分型。结果昆明彝族儿童HLA-DRB1位点共检出了12种等位基因,其中以HLA-DRB1*12(33.57％)、DRB1*0901(11.43％)、DRB1*04(11.43％)较常见,其它基因频率大于5％的等位基因还有HLA-DRB1*01(8.57％)、DRB1*11(7.86％)、DRB1*14(7.14％)、DRB1*15(7.14％)、DRB1*08(5％);昆明汉族儿童HLA-DRB1位点共检出了12种等位基因,其中以HLA-DRB1*12(20.14％)、DRB1*0901(19.44％)、DRB1*04(18.06％)较常见,其他基因频率大于10％的等位基因还有HLA-DRB1*08(11.11％)、DRB1*15(10.42％);与北方汉族人群、南方汉族人群HLA-DRB1等位基因分布进行了比较,均有显著性差异(P<0.001)。结论昆明彝族和汉族HLA基因多态性分布有其特点,他们既不同于北方汉族人群也不同南方汉族人群,有其独特性。可能与复杂的民族迁移历史和民族融合及云南独特的地理环境有关。     

The dermatoglyphic pattern of the trisomy 9p syndrome

This paper shows that the study of dermatoglyphics is an objective aid in the clinical diagnosis of chromosomal dysmorphic syndromes. The dermatologlyphic patterns of four patients with trisomy 9p were analyzed and compared with dermatoglyphic data from 63 published case reports on the condition. We consider that the following traits constitute the combination of dermatoglyphic patterns that is specific to trisomy 9p: an excess of arches on the fingertips and toes, a low total finger ridge count, the absence of digital triradii b and c, and the presence of zygodactylous triradii z, z' and z', a simian crease, a single crease on the 5th finger, a hypothenar crease, a distally placed axial triradius t', a proximal or tibial arch or both on the hallux, and increased intensity of the plantar patterns. A "phantom picture" is constructed, which can be used for dermatoglyphic diagnosis of the trisomy 9p syndrome.     

广东汉族的指纹研究

目的为了给体质人类学和临床医学提供基础皮纹学参数。方法印泥法采集指纹,放大镜和体视显微镜下鉴定计数。结果报道了广东地区18～21岁314例(男155人,女159人)汉族大学生的指纹参数正常值。调查和计算了指纹类型、指纹指数、指纹组合、各型指纹在各指的递减顺序和指嵴纹计数等项参数,指纹各型频率是L>W>A,其中Ws男>女(P<0.01),Wd和A女>男(P<0.01),而L则无明显性差异(P>0.05)。与其他汉族群体进行了比较,显示有不少统计学差异,在民族和人种间进行比较,显示广东汉族与其他蒙古人种(如日本人)有小的差异,而与高加索人种和尼格罗人种有极大差异。本文还对差异的可能原因进行了讨论。结论广东汉族有自己的皮纹特点,又显示蒙古人种的一般特征。     

Complex segregation analysis of quantitative dermatoglyphic traits in five Indian populations

Objective: Dermatoglyphics is widely used as a genetically determined trait in anthropogenetics although the genetic nature of its inheritance is still inconclusive, due to the lack of any established genetic model to resolve the existing inconsistencies in the literature. However, advanced statistical packages for complex segregation analyses are available and the aim of the present study is to determine the mode of dermatoglyphic trait inheritance in five different ethnic populations. Methods: Five hundred families (2435 individuals) of two generations were used for principal component analysis, familial correlation and segregation analysis (package MAN-5). Results: The similarity of three factors suggests a common internal structure. Significant familial correlation (except spouse) indicates the involvement of a familial component in the variation of dermatoglyphic traits. Segregation analyses suggest the transmission of a genetic effect in the families which follows the Mendelian model and confirms a major gene effect on factor 1 and factor 2 with two co-dominant alleles. There is no evidence of a major gene effect or environmental effect on factor 3 (a–b ridge counts). The nature of transmission and trait variance (H²) strongly supports the existence of a common nature of dermatoglyphic trait inheritance in populations, irrespective of ethnic and geographic area. Conclusion: Major gene involvement in finger dermatoglyphics according to Mendelian models is confirmed.     

Sex differences in frequencies of dermatoglyphic patterns by individual fingers

Background: The size of sex differences in dermatoglyphic features and their inter-population differences remains a subject of debate. Combining fingers in traditional dermatoglyphic methodology and omitting finger-specific variations might be a cause for uncertainty.

Aim: To compare sex differences in whorl frequencies between fingers.

Subjects and methods: Using meta-analytical methods, the authors studied sex differences in frequencies of whorls (log Odd Ratios) for each finger separately, including their heterogeneities (between-samples variance). The dataset of 204 population samples was extracted from published dermatoglyphic studies.

Results: Aggregated effects of sex differences were significant in all fingers, except for the left 1st finger. Sex differences were higher in the right hand and increased from radial to ulnar fingers. Apart from the right 1st and 3rd fingers, heterogeneities were small and literally zero in the right 4th finger.

Conclusion: Higher sex differences in ulnar fingers and the lack of interpopulation differences all over the world in the 4th finger might be caused by a stronger influence of genetic and/or hormonal factors on dermatoglyphic development of the ulnar side of the hand. It is suggested that future studies, when applying dermatoglyphic traits as markers of prenatal environment, use traits by individual fingers or their relationships within the hand.     

黑龙江省汉族儿童青少年肺通气功能正常值和预计方程式

目的建立黑龙江省汉族儿童青少年常规肺通气功能的正常参考值和预计方程式。方法检测黑龙江省588名(男292名,女296名)10~18岁汉族健康儿童青少年肺通气功能,测定用力肺活量(FVC)、用力呼气第1秒量(FEV1)等8个常用肺通气指标,通过多元逐步回归求得各指标预计方程式,并与有关预计方程式比较预测值和实测值差异(对本工作人群)。结果无论性别,随年龄增长,FVC和FEV1呈上升趋势(P<0.001)。从14岁起,男性FVC、FEV1高于女性(P<0.001)。女性FVC、FEV1突增期发生在12~13岁,较男性(13~14岁)早一个年龄段。肺功能指标与身高、体重和年龄均呈正相关(P<0.001),与身高的关系最密切。建立了各肺功能指标的预计方程式,与其他预计方程式比较,本方程预计值与实测值差异最小。结论建立了适用于黑龙江省汉族儿童青少年肺通气功能正常值和预计方程式。     

Comparative diagnoses of twin zygosity by SSLP variant analysis,questionnaire, and dermatoglyphic analysis

Zygosity diagnosis has been performed in 79 pairs of twins using three methods. Simple sequence repeat length polymorphism (SSLP) analysis allows an efficient classification (MZ or DZ) with only a few markers following a simplified technique of extraction and amplification. A method based on a full questionnaire completed by parents about twin similarity correctly classifies 97.46% of the pairs; 92.41% are correctly classified using only four questions as suggested by logistic regression analysis. The third method, using dermatoglyphic analyses, correctly classifies 86.76% of pairs. To lower the cost of DNA diagnosis we stress the possibility of limiting its use to pairs with scores in the overlap area between MZ and DZ twins with a validated questionnaire.     

北京,宁夏两地青少年父母教养方式的比较研究

目的：探讨不同地区、不同民族青少年的父母教养方式的异同及特点。方法：采用父母教养方式问卷（ＥＭＢＵ）分别对北京和宁夏银川市的高中学生进行了测查，共有北京的汉族学生２３４人，宁夏的汉族学生３６８名和回族学生２８９人参加了本研究。结果：除宁夏汉族学生的父母对子女表现出较少的情感温暖与理解外，北京和宁夏的汉族学生父母的教养方式基本一致。两地汉族学生父母教养方式与宁夏回族学生父母的教养方式差异主要表现为：（１）回族学生的父母对其子女有过分干涉和过度保护倾向；（２）汉族学生的母亲对子女有更多的拒绝与否认倾向。作者最后对上述差异与民族特点的关系进行了讨论。