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1.
Objectives
To describe the association between sleep duration and weight–height development in children and adolescents.Source of data
A non-systematic search in the MEDLINE database was performed using the terms anthropometry, body composition, overweight, obesity, body mass index, growth, length, short stature, sleep, children, and infants and adolescents, limited to the last 5 years. The references cited in the revised articles were also reviewed, when relevant.Synthesis of data
Sleep disorders are prevalent in the pediatric population. Among them, insomnia, which leads to a reduction in total sleep time, is the most prevalent disorder. Evidence found in the current literature allows the conclusion that sleep time reduction has a role in the current pandemic of overweight and obesity. Studies associating sleep deprivation and deficit in height growth are still insufficient.Conclusions
The association between shorter sleep duration and risk of overweight and obesity is well established for all pediatric age groups. However, more evidence is needed to establish an association between insufficient sleep duration and height growth deficit. Pediatricians should include the encouragement of healthy sleep habits in their routine guidelines as an adjuvant in the prevention and management of excess weight. 相似文献2.
C. Carriere G. Michel C. Féart H. Pellay O. Onorato P. Barat H. Thibault 《Archives de pédiatrie》2019,26(3):138-144
Purpose
Binge eating disorder (BED) is associated with higher psychopathology, including emotional and personality disorders, in the adult population, whether or not they are obese; although few data are available on adolescents, particularly among obese adolescents.Objective
To explore the association of both emotional disorders and personality dimensions with BED in obese adolescents.Methods
The sample consisted of 115 French adolescents enrolled at a clinical unit for the multidisciplinary care of their overweight or obesity. BED was defined using the Binge Eating Scale (BES). Emotional disorders and personality dimensions were assessed using the following tools: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Junior Temperament and Character Inventory (JTCI); impulsivity was determined by the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS). Associations between emotional disorders (BDI/BAI) and personality dimensions (TAS/BIS/JTCI), considered first separately and then jointly with BED were determined with multivariate analysis.Results
More severe depression (β=0.27, CI [0.06; 0.48], P = 0.011), a higher level of excess weight (β=1.91, CI [0.22; 3.59], P = 0.027), older age (β=1.28, CI [0.43; 2.14], P = 0.003), and greater cooperativeness (β=0.36, CI [0.07; 0.66], P = 0.017) were independently significantly associated with the presence of BED.Conclusions
This cross-sectional study underlines the co-occurrence of emotional and personality disorders with BED. This points out the importance of a multidisciplinary approach and the relevance of a joint diagnosis of binge eating, emotional disorders, and personality dimensions in obese adolescents, for better prevention and treatment of pediatric obesity. 相似文献3.
Objective
To describe the current scientific knowledge on the effects of physical exercise on the growth of children and adolescents since intrauterine life.Source of data
A search was carried out in the Medline, Embase, Scielo, and Cochrane databases of studies published from 1990 to 2018. The authors included studies with different designs: clinical trials, cohort, cross-sectional and review studies.Synthesis of data
Studies that addressed the subject of physical exercise or physical activity, and weight–height growth or bone or muscle tissue growth were identified. These studies were analyzed, classified, and presented by age group: fetuses, preterm newborns, preschoolers, schoolchildren, and adolescents. It was observed that almost all studies indicated the safety of physical exercises, of mild to moderate intensity, for pregnant women, as well as children and adolescents, including both aerobic and anaerobic exercises. The retrieve studies did not demonstrate that the practice of physical exercises or certain sports, especially basketball and floor gymnastics, influenced the linear growth of children or adolescents. Some studies showed an increase in bone and muscle tissue growth in child and adolescent athletes.Conclusions
Despite the small number of studies with adequate methodology, especially randomized clinical trials, evidence appears to indicate that physical exercise is safe for both the pregnant woman and the child, from fetal life to adolescence. Physical exercise does not appear to impair the child's linear growth and contributes to the ideal shaping of bone and muscle tissues, ensuring possible beneficial effects throughout life. 相似文献4.
Patricia Piccoli de Mello Diego Andre Eifer Elza Daniel de Mello 《Jornal de pediatria》2018,94(5):460-470
Objective
To gather current evidence on the use of fiber for constipation treatment in pediatric patients.Source of data
Systematic review with meta-analysis of studies identified through Pubmed, Embase, LILACS and Cochrane databases published up to 2016.Inclusion criteria
Randomized controlled trials; patients aged between 1 and 18 years and diagnosed with functional constipation receiving or not drug treatment for constipation; articles published in Portuguese, English, Spanish, French, and German in journals accessible to the researchers.Synthesis of data
A total of 2963 articles were retrieved during the search and, after adequate evaluation, nine articles were considered relevant to the study objective. A total of 680 children were included, of whom 45% were boys. No statistical significance was observed for bowel movement frequency, stool consistency, therapeutic success, fecal incontinence, and abdominal pain with fiber intake in patients with childhood constipation. These results should be interpreted with care due to the high clinical heterogeneity between the studies and the methodological limitation of the articles selected for analysis.Conclusions
There is a scarcity of qualified studies to evaluate fiber supplementation in the treatment of childhood constipation, generating a low degree of confidence in estimating the real effect of this intervention on this population. Today, according to the current literature, adequate fiber intake should only be recommended for functional constipation, and fiber supplementation should not be prescribed in the diet of constipated children and adolescents. 相似文献5.
Objective
Weight and height growth impairment is one of the most frequent manifestations in HIV-infected children and may be the first sign of disease, being considered a marker of disease progression and an independent risk factor for death. The aim of this review is to evaluate the influence of antiretroviral therapy on the growth pattern of children and adolescents living with HIV/AIDS.Source of data
A non-systematic review was carried out in the PubMed database, with the terms “HIV”, “Weight and height growth”, “ART” and “children”. The most relevant publications were selected.Data Synthesis
Antiretroviral therapy has significantly reduced morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected children and is clearly associated with recovery of weight and height-for-age Z-scores, especially when started early, in the asymptomatic child still without weight–height impairment. Therapeutic strategies involving the GH/IGF-1 axis, especially for children with growth impairment, are still being studied.Conclusions
HIV-infected children show early weight–height impairment; antiretroviral therapy improves the anthropometric profile of these children. 相似文献6.
7.
Paloma Velez de Andrade Lima Simões Ferreira André de Souza Cavalcanti Giselia Alves Pontes da Silva 《Jornal de pediatria》2019
Objective
To review the pathophysiology and evaluation methods of linear growth and bone mineral density in children and adolescents diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease.Source of data
Narrative review carried out in the PubMed and Scopus databases through an active search of the terms: inflammatory bowel disease, growth, failure to thrive, bone health, bone mineral density, and children and adolescents, related to the last ten years, searching in the title, abstract, or keyword fields.Synthesis of findings
Inflammatory bowel diseases of childhood onset may present as part of the clinical picture of delayed linear growth in addition to low bone mineral density. The presence of a chronic inflammatory process with elevated serum levels of inflammatory cytokines negatively interferes with the growth rate and bone metabolism regulation, in addition to increasing energy expenditure, compromising nutrient absorption, and favoring intestinal protein losses. Another important factor is the chronic use of glucocorticoids, which decreases the secretion of growth hormone and the gonadotrophin pulses, causing pubertal and growth spurt delay. In addition to these effects, they inhibit the replication of osteoblastic lineage cells and stimulate osteoclastogenesis.Conclusion
Insufficient growth and low bone mineral density in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease are complex problems that result from multiple factors including chronic inflammation, malnutrition, decreased physical activity, late puberty, genetic susceptibility, and immunosuppressive therapies, such as glucocorticoids. 相似文献8.
Objective
To address the growth of full-term children in the first 6 months of life in exclusive breastfeeding.Source of data
A non-systematic review was carried out by searching the MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases and the World Health Organization website for articles and documents on the growth of exclusively breastfed infants and their monitoring. Those documents considered to be the most relevant by the author were selected.Data synthesis
Exclusively breastfeed infants show differentiated growth when compared to formula-fed infants. Weight loss in the first four days of life is due more to loss of fat mass rather than lean mass, including body water, and is usually lower in exclusively breastfed infants. In turn, the time for recovery of the birth weight may be longer in these infants. Formula-fed infants gain weight and increase their BMI more rapidly in the first three to six months of life than infants in exclusive or predominant breastfeeding due to a progressive increase in lean mass. The World Health Organization growth curves, which use the growth pattern of breastfed children as their standard, are used to monitor growth.Conclusions
Exclusively breastfed infants have differentiated growth when compared with formula-fed infants. This should be considered when monitoring the infant's growth. It should be emphasized that the growth pattern currently used as reference is that of the exclusively breastfed infant. 相似文献9.
Objective
To assess the relationship between mouth breathing and growth disorders among children and teenagers.Data source
Search on MEDLINE database, over the last 10 years, by using the following terms: “mouth breathing”, “adenotonsilar hypertrophy”, “allergic rhinitis”, “sleep disturbance” AND “growth impairment”, “growth hormone”, “failure to thrive”, “short stature”, or “failure to thrive”.Data summary
A total of 247 articles were identified and, after reading the headings, this number was reduced to 45 articles, whose abstracts were read and, of these, 20 were deemed important and were included in the review. In addition of these articles, references mentioned in them and specific books on mouth breathing deemed important were included. Hypertrophy of palatine and/or pharyngeal tonsils, whether associated with allergic rhinitis, as well as poorly controlled allergic rhinitis, are the main causes of mouth breathing in children. Respiratory sleep disorders are frequent among these patients. Several studies associate mouth breathing with reduced growth, as well as with reduced growth hormone release, which are reestablished after effective treatment of mouth breathing (clinical and/or surgical).Conclusions
Mouth breathing should be considered as a potential cause of growth retardation in children; pediatricians should assess these patients in a broad manner. 相似文献10.
L. Oubrahim N. Combalbert V. Salvano-Pardieu 《Neuropsychiatrie de l'enfance et de l'adolescence》2019,67(1):34-42
Objective
The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of behavior problems among children and adolescents with intellectual disability and to demonstrate a possible link with moral judgment.Methods
This study was carried out using two scales on a sample of 60 participants with mild intellectual disability (30 children and 30 adolescents) in specialized schools. The first scale, “Children's Scale of Hostility and Aggression: Reactive/Proactive” (Farmer & Aman, 2009), was used to assess the frequency of aggressive behavior and the second involved a scale of moral judgment containing several scenarios about social situations of aggressiveness to assess moral judgment.Results
The results indicated that there is a decrease of frequency of aggressive behaviors with the advancing age. In addition, the study highlighted that children and adolescents with intellectual disability have the same way to judge. They are more focused on the consequence than on the intention. Finally, the results showed aggressive people are more focused on the information consequence, and they have more difficulties to perceive a hierarchy of gravity.Conclusion
Our results highlight the specificities of moral judgment in intellectual disability and that there is a link between moral judgment and physical aggression. 相似文献11.
Objectives
This study aimed to review the literature on the repercussions of the different inborn errors of immunity on growth, drawing attention to the diagnosis of this group of diseases in patients with growth disorders, as well as to enable the identification of the different causes of growth disorders in patients with inborn errors of immunity, which can help in their treatment.Data sources
Non-systematic review of the literature, searching articles since 2000 in PubMed with the terms “growth”, “growth disorders”, “failure to thrive”, or “short stature” AND “immunologic deficiency syndromes”, “immune deficiency disease”, or “immune deficiency” NOT HIV. The Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIN) database was searched for immunodeficiencies and short stature or failure to thrive.Data summary
Inborn errors of immunity can affect growth in different ways, and some of them can change growth through multiple simultaneous mechanisms: genetic syndromes; disorders of the osteoarticular system; disorders of the endocrine system; reduction in caloric intake; catabolic processes; loss of nutrients; and inflammatory and/or infectious conditions.Conclusions
The type of inborn errors of immunity allows anticipating what type of growth disorder can be expected. The type of growth disorder can help in the diagnosis of clinical conditions related to inborn errors of immunity. In many inborn errors of immunity, the causes of poor growth are mixed, involving more than one factor. In many cases, impaired growth can be adjusted with proper inborn errors of immunity treatment or proper approach to the mechanism of growth impairment. 相似文献12.
Arnaldo Prata-Barbosa Marlos Melo Martins Andreia Bittencourt Guastavino Antônio José Ledo Alves da Cunha 《Jornal de pediatria》2019
Objectives
To present the currently available evidence of the effects of congenital Zika virus infection on infant growth, to discuss possible intervening factors, and to describe preliminary data on this growth in a cohort of exposed children.Source of data
Non-systematic review in PubMed, BVS, CAPES, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane and Google Scholar databases in the last 5 years, using the terms infection/disease by Zika virus and growth/nutrition/nutritional status/infant nutrition and nutritional needs. Additionally, the anthropometric data of the first 2.5 years of a cohort of children exposed to the Zika virus during pregnancy were reviewed.Synthesis of data
Both intrauterine growth restriction and low birth weight were reported in series of cases of children with congenital Zika syndrome. The postnatal growth deficit of these children appears to be directly proportional to the degree of neurological impairment. The etiology is multifactorial, and nutritional and non-nutritional factors are probably involved. The data from the present cohort show that the head circumference evolution depends on this measurement at birth and that weight-height growth has a trend toward lower weight and length in children with congenital microcephaly and normocephalic at birth who develop some neurological abnormality.Conclusions
The few existing data suggest that, in children with congenital Zika, the greater the degree of neurological impairment, the greater the impact on growth, whether or not associated with microcephaly at birth. 相似文献13.
Objectives
During adolescence, girls and boys undergo profound bodily and psychic changes, which upset their relationship with themselves as well as with others. Even though chaotic body changes promise many advantages, they also cause anxieties because of the fragile nature of body image and identity. Due to narcissistic and object-relation transformations, adolescents may seek comfort in contemplating themselves in the mirror. The aim of this article is to explore the (psychic?) functions of the mirror sign, considered a normal and transitional symptom in adolescents except when bearing witness to a psychotic condition.Method
The method is the clinical case study between two adolescent girls presenting an important mirror sign. The comparison leads to admit the idea of a continuum between normal and pathological mirror sign.Result
If mirror sign can be a psychotic symptom, it also can be a normal narcissistic aid during this period of vulnerability.Discussion
Mirror sign does not have to automatically be considered a schizophrenic symptom. One symptom can hide many psychic meanings and functions depending on the quality of narcissistic resources.Conclusion
Depersonalization and inquiring admiration of ones own mirror image can too quickly be assigned to schizophrenia. Two case studies of adolescent girls with mirror sign underline its dynamic sense. In Isis's case, the mirror sign helps her to cope with the transformation of narcissism during adolescence, while in Flore's it characterizes a psychotic disorganization. 相似文献14.
Patrícia O. Benetolo Maria I.M. Fernandes Ieda R.L. Del Ciampo Jorge Elias-Junior Regina Sawamura 《Jornal de pediatria》2019,95(1):34-40
Objective
To determine the frequency of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease using nuclear magnetic resonance as a noninvasive method.Methodology
This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 50 children and adolescents followed up at an outpatient obesity clinic. The subjects were submitted to physical examination, laboratory tests (transaminases, liver function tests, lipid profile, glycemia, and basal insulin) and abdominal nuclear magnetic resonance (calculation of hepatic, visceral, and subcutaneous fat).Results
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was diagnosed in 14 (28%) participants, as a severe condition in eight (percent fat >18%), and as non-severe in four (percent fat from 9% to 18%). Fatty liver was associated with male gender, triglycerides, AST, ALT, AST/ALT ratio, and acanthosis nigricans. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome did not show an association with fatty liver.Conclusion
The frequency of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the present population of children and adolescents was lower than that reported in the international literature. It is suggested that nuclear magnetic resonance is an imaging exam that can be applied to children and adolescents, thus representing an effective noninvasive tool for the diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in this age range. However, further national multicenter studies with longitudinal design are needed for a better analysis of the correlation between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its risk factors, as well as its consequences. 相似文献15.
Objectives
To discuss the etiology and growth consequences of small size at birth and the indications, effects, and safety of biosynthetic growth hormone therapy in children born small for gestational age.Source of data
A comprehensive and non-systematic search was carried out in the PubMed, LILACS, and SciELO databases from 1980 to the present day, using the terms “small for gestational age,” “intrauterine growth restriction,” and “growth hormone”. The publications were critically selected by the authors.Data synthesis
Although the majority of children born small for gestational age show spontaneous catch-up growth during the first two years of life, some of them remain with short stature during childhood, with high risk of short stature in adult life. Treatment with growth hormone might be indicated, preferably after 2–4 years of age, in those small for gestational age children who remain short, without catch-up growth. Treatment aims to increase growth velocity and to reach a normal height during childhood and an adult height within target height. Response to growth hormone treatment is variable, with better growth response during the pre-pubertal period.Conclusions
Treatment with growth hormone in short children born small for gestational age is safe and effective to improve adult height. Efforts should be done to identify the etiology of small size at birth before treatment. 相似文献16.
Introduction
Psoriasis is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular and/or metabolic comorbidity in adults, but discordant data have been reported in children.Objective
To evaluate the frequency of metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidity in children with psoriasis and to establish whether age at onset of psoriasis correlates with metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidity in adulthood.Material and methods
We conducted a systematic review on MEDLINE, using PubMed and Ovid. The search was limited to children (< 18 years). The following key words were used: “psoriasis” with “children or childhood or adolescent” and “obesity” or “hypertension” or “diabetes” or “dyslipidemia” or “cardiovascular risk factor” or “myocardial infarction” or “stroke” or “coronaropathy” or “comorbidity”. The reference lists of the articles retrieved were checked for additional relevant studies.Results
A total of 377 potential citations were analyzed. After removing duplicate articles and reviewing eligibility in titles and abstracts, 16 articles remained. The studies analyzed revealed significantly higher risk of overweight and obesity in children with psoriasis, despite the numerous definitions used. Four studies reported higher risk of abdominal obesity in children with psoriasis. Data on hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, and major cardiovascular events suggested there was no higher risk of these comorbidities in children with psoriasis. Two studies suggested that age at onset of psoriasis did not increase the frequency of comorbidity in adulthood.Conclusion
This systematic review suggests that psoriasis in children is not associated with metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities, except overweight and obesity, for which higher prevalence is clearly demonstrated in the literature. 相似文献17.
A. Paquet B. Olliac L. Vaivre-Douret 《Neuropsychiatrie de l'enfance et de l'adolescence》2019,67(1):10-18
The psychomotor examination is part of the tests recommended by the “Haute Autorité de Santé” (HAS) for screening and diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, standardized assessment with norms is not systematic in psychomotor assessment with these children, often presented as difficult to evaluate.
Introduction
We would like to highlight the interest and the feasibility of the assessment of children with ADS from a standardized evaluation battery in psychomotor therapy (the battery of assessments of neuro-psychomotor functions of the child: NP-MOT). We analyzed capacities of these children to be evaluated, from a recent study about the evaluation of the neuro-psychomotor functions in children with ASD.Method
Thirty-four children aged from 4 to 11 years old with all intellectual levels performed a psychomotor examination including the NP-MOT battery.Results
All Children have been evaluated using the NP-MOT battery regardless of their intellectual deficiency.Conclusion
Evaluation from a standardized, validated tool with reference standards is feasible in the psychomotor examination of children with an ASD. The use of standardized developmental tools, such as the NP-MOT battery, should be encouraged with psychomotor therapists but also prescribing doctors, since it allows a semiological and etiological analysis of psychomotor disorders in ASD, still little known, but whose repercussions can be beneficial to a better orientation of the care. 相似文献18.
Camila W. Schaan Felipe V. Cureau Mariana Sbaraini Karen Sparrenberger Harold W. Kohl III Beatriz D. Schaan 《Jornal de pediatria》2019,95(2):155-165
Purpose
To evaluate the prevalence of excessive screen-based behaviors among Brazilian adolescents through a systematic review with meta-analysis.Data source
Systematic review and meta-analysis were recorded in the International Prospective Register of Ongoing Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO-CRD 2017 CRD42017074432). This review included observational studies (cohort or cross-sectional) that evaluated the prevalence of excessive screen time (i.e. combinations involving different screen-based behaviors) or TV viewing (≥2 h/day or >2 h/day in front of screen) through indirect or direct methods in adolescents aged between 10 and 19 years. The research strategy included the following databases: MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO and ADOLEC. The search strategy included terms for “screen time”, “Brazil”, and “prevalence”. Random effect models were used to estimate the prevalence of excessive screen time in different categories.Data summary
Twenty-eight out of 775 studies identified in the search met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of excessive screen time and TV viewing was 70.9% (95% CI: 65.5–76.1) and 58.8% (95% CI: 49.4–68.0), respectively. There was no difference between sexes in both analyses. The majority of studies included showed a low risk of bias.Conclusions
The prevalence of excessive screen time and TV viewing was high among Brazilian adolescents. Intervention are needed to reduce the excessive screen time among adolescents. 相似文献19.
20.
Catherine G. Anelli Claudio A. Len Maria Teresa R.A. Terreri Gleice C.S. Russo Andreas O. Reiff 《Jornal de pediatria》2019,95(2):180-187