血管内皮生长因子D和血管内皮生长因子E

血管内皮生长因子是一种分泌型糖蛋白 ,是调节血管生成最重要的细胞因子。近年又发现了几种新的与之结构和功能类似的因子 ,它们组成了血管内皮生长因子家族 ,通过与其受体组成的复杂的网络信号传导系统 ,调节生物体内脉管系统的发生和发展 ,参与多种生理病理过程。     

血管内皮生长因子研究进展

血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)是一种能特异地作用于血管内皮细胞的生长因子。在生理和病理情况下均有表达。本文就VEGF的分子特征、VEGF受体及信号传导机制、表达调节和生物学特征作一综述。     

血管内皮生长因子家族

血管内皮生长因子是重要的血管生成因子 ,在生理及病理性血管生成中有十分重要的作用。近年发现其不是单一因子 ,还有其它因子与之相关 ,称为血管内皮生长因子家族。     

血管内皮生长因子和内皮抑素对血管生成的作用研究进展

血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）是一种多功能糖蛋白，是由肿瘤细胞或宿主的非内皮细胞分泌的特异的内皮细胞有丝分裂因子，是最主要的促进血管生成因子。它具有促进血管通透性增加、血管内皮细胞分裂、增殖及诱导血管生成等作用。内皮抑素（ES）是胶原XⅧC末端降解片段，体内、体外实验表明内皮抑素能有效抑制血管内皮细胞增殖、迁移及新生血管形成，是一种特异性的目前为止作用最强的血管形成抑制荆。但其确切的抗血管形成的作用机制尚未阐明。现就血管内皮生长因子、内皮抑素在血管生成中的作用作一综述。     

血管内皮生长因子及其在肾小球疾病中的作用

血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF) ,又称血管渗透因子(VPF) ,是一多功能的细胞因子 ,可由许多不同的肿瘤组织分泌 ,也可在正常细胞及成人组织中表达。近年研究发现VEGF的表达与肾脏疾病相关。本文就 VEGF及其受体特性、生物学功能以及在肾小球疾病中的作用作一综述。1　 VEGF及其受体的特征自 1989年 Ferrarc等在牛垂体滤泡细胞体外培养液中先纯化出 VEGF以来 ,人们逐渐在鼠和人肾脏、肾上腺等多种细胞培养液中纯化出 VEGF蛋白。纯化后的 VEGF表现为一种具有肝素活性的同源二聚体多肽 ,分子量为 34 0 0 0～370 0 0。根据编码 VEGFm R…     

血管内皮生长因子

血管内皮生长因子（ＶＥＧＦ）具有促进内皮细胞增殖，提高血管通透性，改变细胞外基质等生物学作用，在血管的发生中发挥重要作用。ＶＥＧＦ与类风湿性关节炎、糖尿病性视网膜病等多种疾病的发生密切相关。肿瘤组织可合成和分泌ＶＥＧＦ，ＶＥＧＦ在肿瘤组织中的表达水平比周围的正常组织高，并与肿瘤的恶性程度相关。     

血管内皮生长因子的生物学作用及其临床意义

1989年，发现了一种特异性的促进血管内皮细胞增殖的有丝分裂原，命名为血管内皮生长因子（vascularendothelialgrowthfactor，VEGF）。因其增加血管通透性的作用，也称为血管通透因子（vascularpermeabilityfactor，VPF）。这种因于的促血管内皮增殖及增加血管通透的特性...     

血管内皮生长因子与肺疾病

血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)是一种特异地作用于血管内皮细胞的生长因子,具有促进血管内皮细胞增殖、刺激体内新生血管生成、促进血管通透性增加及维持血管正常状态和完整性的功能,它在肺癌的发生发展、低氧性肺动脉高压及肺纤维化的形成等多种肺疾病中起重要作用.     

血管内皮生长因子在神经系统中的作用与机制

血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)是一种强的血管生成肽,也是目前发现的最强烈的增加血管通透性物质之一.在神经组织中,VEGF可表达于神经细胞、星形胶质细胞和血管内皮细胞,不但能促进新生血管形成,还具有直接的神经营养和神经保护作用,促进神经再生.     

血管内皮生长因子在缺氧预适应中的脑保护作用

血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）,能够增加血管的通透性并特异地促进血管内皮细胞（VEC）增殖。但最近研究显示,除上述作用外,VEGF还对缺氧神经细胞有较强保护及促进神经发生的作用,且可有效缓解或完全消除多种神经退行性疾病的症状。研究其作用范围、作用机制及影响因素对临床神经系统疾病的治疗有着重要的借鉴价值和指导意义。现将其在这方面的研究进展综述于下。     

Validation of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) antibodies for immunohistochemical localization of VEGF in tissue sections: expression of VEGF in the human endometrium

Transient transfection of COS-1 cells followed by fixation, embedding in paraffin, and immunohistochemistry has identified anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) mouse monoclonal antibodies that efficiently immunostain VEGF in paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Immunohistochemical localization of VEGF in 34 specimens of normal human endometrium that had been collected at different stages of the menstrual cycle was then performed. VEGF was present at all stages of the cycle, but both the pattern and the intensity of staining varied. Thus, VEGF expression occurred predominantly in the endometrial epithelium and while weak in the proliferative phase, was strong in the secretory phase. VEGF expression in the stroma was weaker than in the proliferative phase glands and did not change throughout the cycle. These findings are in agreement with reports of VEGF mRNA expression in the endometrium, but disagree with previous immunohistochemical studies that employed an immunohistochemically unvalidated antiserum. This study has shown that the commercially available anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody M293 is excellent for the immunohistochemical localization of VEGF in paraffin sections. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

甲状腺癌组织中VEGF和VEGF-C的表达及意义

目的　探讨血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、VEGF- C在甲状腺癌中的表达及其意义。方法　应用免疫组化S P法检测44例甲状腺癌中VEGF、VEGF C的表达情况,并以17例癌旁正常甲状腺组织作对照。结果　VEGF、VEGF- C在甲状腺癌中呈高水平表达(88. 6%、81. 8% )。VEGF表达随癌组织分化程度的减低而增高, 9例死亡病例均为阳性表达;VEGF- C表达随癌组织分化程度的减低而减低,乳头状癌阳性表达(88 .9% )高于其它类型,VEGF- C阳性率在有淋巴结转移组(92. 0% )明显高于无淋巴结转移组(68. 4% ) (P<0. 05)。9例死亡病例中7例为阳性表达,且7例同时VEGF呈阳性表达。结论　VEGF、VEGF- C表达与甲状腺癌病理分型及预后可能有一定关系,VEGF- C与甲状腺癌淋巴结转移密切相关。     

VEGF与血液学恶性疾病

VEGF作为一种血管新生的主要病理生理性调节因子，触发了白血病细胞及多发性骨髓瘤细胞的生长、存活及移动，在造血过程中起重要作用。VEGF的表达及其信号转导，对血液学恶性疾病，尤其是对多发性骨髓瘤的发病机制及临床特性都有重要作用。针对VEGF及其受体直接或间接的治疗，有可能为临床提供一种新的有效的治疗方法。     

血管内皮细胞生长因子及其受体2在慢性砷染毒大鼠睾丸中的表达及其意义*

目的：研究血管内皮细胞生长因子（ VEGF）及其受体2（ VEGFR2）在慢性砷中毒大鼠睾丸中的表达及意义。 方法：健康清洁级雄性SD大鼠随机分为高、中、低剂量砷染毒组和对照（ 蒸馏水）组,采用经口自由饮用方式 进行染毒,连续染毒6 个月。H-E 染色观察睾丸一般形态学变化,免疫荧光化学法对睾丸组织VEGF 和VEGFR2 的表达进行定位,采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测睾丸组织VEGF 和VEGFR2 的mRNA表达变化,流式细胞术观 察精子的凋亡率。结果：与对照组比较,中、高剂量砷组大鼠体质量明显降低,睾丸组织质量也明显降低,而低 剂量砷组大鼠体质量、睾丸质量、睾丸脏器系数差异无统计学意义。对照组睾丸结构正常,染砷组大鼠睾丸组织 上皮结构疏松,层次排列紊乱,层次逐渐减少,精原细胞出现空泡样改变,睾丸间质充血、渗出等,尤其中、高 剂量砷组有较明显的变化。与对照组比较,各染毒组VEGF 和VEGFR2 的mRNA表达水平均较低,砷染毒组大鼠 精子凋亡率较高,差异均有统计学意义。结论：慢性砷中毒时,VEGF 可能通过旁分泌- 自分泌的方式参与调控 大鼠睾丸的功能,VEGF 及其受体2 在砷中毒大鼠精子发生和发育过程中起重要作用。     

Expression of VEGF and VEGF-R3 receptor by placental endothelial cells in health and gestosis

We carried out a comparative analysis of changes in VEGF secretion and expression of VEGF-R3 receptor by placental endothelial cells in health and gestosis and of changes in VEGF-R3 expression by EA.hy926 human endothelial cells during culturing with supernatants conditioned by placental explants from women with normal pregnancy and patients with gestosis. Reduced secretion of VEGF and expression of VEGF-R3 by placental endothelial cells in gestosis can be caused by functional deficiency of the endothelial cells and low viability of endothelial cells. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 145, No. 3, pp. 321–325, March, 2008     

Effect of VEGF on Mouse Thymocyte Proliferation and Apoptosis <Emphasis Type="Italic">In Vitro</Emphasis>

Vascular endothelial growth factor is not only angiogenic, but also immunoregulatory factor. For evaluation of the possibility of its direct interaction with mouse thymocytes we studied the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor on proliferation and apoptosis of thymocytes and expression of genes for the corresponding receptor on these cells. Vascular endothelial growth factor modulated mitogen-induced proliferation of thymocytes and stimulated spontaneous apoptosis in intact thymus cells. Thymocytes express mRNA of type 2, but not type 1 vascular endothelial growth factor receptors.__________Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 139, No. 5, pp. 533–537, May, 2005     

siRNA对VEGF蛋白表达的影响及对裸鼠移植肾癌的抑制作用

目的探讨siRNA沉默血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）基因对人肾癌裸鼠移植瘤VEGF蛋白的表达水平及生长抑制作用的影响。方法化学合成针对VEGF的siRNA序列,通过脂质体将VEGF-siRNA转染到ACHN细胞中,将转染VEGF-siRNA的ACHN细胞（A组）、转染空质粒的ACHN细胞（B组）及未转染的ACHN细胞（C组）分别接种于裸鼠背部皮下。在SPF环境中饲养裸鼠并观察各组裸鼠移植瘤的生长情况,每隔5d测定移植瘤体积大小（肿瘤的长轴L,短轴W,肿瘤体积V=1/2LW2）,绘制肿瘤生长曲线,采用免疫组化及Western blot法测定裸鼠移植瘤组织切片中VEGF蛋白的表达水平。结果 A组小鼠移植瘤成瘤及生长明显缓慢,移植瘤的体积和质量均低于B、C组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;移植瘤组织切片免疫组化及Western blot法检测结果提示：与B、C组相比,A组中VEGF蛋白表达量降低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;而B、C组间瘤体的体积重量及VEGF蛋白表达差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 VEGF在肾癌的发生、发展中起着重要作用,化学合成的VEGF-siRNA可特异性抑制肾癌细胞中VEGF的表达,抑制肿瘤的生长增殖。     

Placenta growth factor (PlGF) induces vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion from mononuclear cells and is co-expressed with VEGF in synovial fluid

The aims of this study were (i) to determine whether PlGF, VEGF and PlGF/VEGF heterodimers are detected in synovial fluid (SF) and plasma samples from patients with a range of arthropathies; (ii) to describe whether any correlation exists between SF PlGF, VEGF and PlGF/VEGF heterodimer levels and the total and differential SF leucocyte counts; and (iii) to investigate the regulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) VEGF secretion by stimuli relevant to inflammatory joints. PlGF, VEGF and PlGF/VEGF heterodimer levels were measured in the SF and plasma of patients with a range of arthropathies and normal controls by ELISA. Western blotting for PlGF was performed on SF from three patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and primary inflammatory arthropathies. VEGF was quantified in cell culture supernatants after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), PlGF or cobalt ions of PBMC isolated from RA patients and controls. PlGF and VEGF were detected in all SF samples. PlGF/VEGF heterodimers were detected in 10.2% of SF samples, most frequently in RA samples. Western blotting confirmed the presence of PlGF in RA SF. PlGF was detected in 52% of RA and 31% of control plasma samples, and VEGF was detected in 38% of RA and 38% of control plasma samples. PlGF/VEGF heterodimers were detected in 21% of RA samples and none of the control samples. In primary inflammatory arthropathy patients, SF PlGF and VEGF levels correlated significantly with the SF total leucocyte count and the neutrophil count. PlGF was the most potent inducer of PBMC VEGF production in both RA and control subjects. This is the first report of the detection of PlGF and PlGF/VEGF heterodimers in the SF of patients with inflammatory arthropathies, and we have shown for the first time that PlGF up-regulates PBMC VEGF production. PlGF may therefore play a key role in the production of VEGF in the inflammatory joint.     

脑外伤小鼠海马血管内皮生长因子表达的变化

目的探讨脑外伤小鼠海马血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)表达的变化。方法 40只Balb/c小鼠随机分为2组,假手术组(10只)和脑外伤组(30只)。脑外伤组依据脑外伤的不同时间点再分6h、1d、3d三个小组,每组10只。免疫组化和Western blot检测各组小鼠海马VEGF蛋白的表达。RT-PCR方法检测各组小鼠海马VEGF mRNA的表达变化。结果免疫组化和Western blot结果发现,脑外伤组小鼠海马VEGF蛋白表达量明显高于假手术组(<0.05);RT-PCR结果也发现,脑外伤组小鼠海马VEGF mRNA表达量明显高于假手术组(<0.05)。结论脑外伤小鼠海马VEGF表达明显升高。