超声心动图对冠心病合并房颤患者左房功能的评估价值分析

目的探讨超声心动图在评估冠心病合并房颤患者左房功能中的应用价值。方法选取2012-09~2013-09该院收治的冠心病合并房颤患者25例和冠心病合并窦性心率患者22例分别作为房颤组和窦性心律组,取同期入院体检正常者20名作为对照组,均行彩色多普勒超声检查。分别采用常规超声心动图测量左房大小及左房容积,多普勒技术测量二尖瓣血流频谱、肺静脉血流频谱情况。结果房颤组左房大小(LAD)、左房最大容积(LAVmax)、左房最小容积(LAVmin)分别为(43.26±2.81)mm、(41.61±2.63)ml、(20.12±1.53)ml,明显高于窦性心率组和对照组,其中对照组最低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。房颤组和窦性心律组E、E-VTI、A、A-VTI、E/A均与对照组存在显著差异(P0.05),其中房颤组E、E-VTI升高,窦性心律组降低;房颤组A、A-VTI降低,窦性心律组升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。与对照组比较,窦性心率组Ar降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但其他肺静脉血流频谱相关指标比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。与对照组比较,房颤组S、S-VTI、Ar降低,D峰、D-VTI升高,S/D1,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论超声心动图能够准确反映冠心病合并房颤患者左房功能。     

老年高血压患者心房颤动急性发作后血栓前状态的改变

目的观察老年高血压患者心房颤动(房颤)急性发作时及药物复律后血栓前状态的改变。方法老年高血压患者急性房颤发作29例(急性房颤组),发作48 h内成功复律,未予抗凝治疗,复律后窦性心律维持时间>1个月。分别于复律前,复律后1、7、14、30天检测血浆纤维蛋白原(Fib)、D-二聚体水平,组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA)活性和纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1(PAI 1)活性。另选高血压合并窦性心律患者30例(窦性心律组),高血压合并永久性房颤,且未予华法林抗凝治疗者30例(慢性房颤组),健康体检者30例(健康对照组),分别检测上述指标。结果急性房颤组和慢性房颤组患者Fib、D-二聚体水平显著高于窦性心律组和健康对照组。急性房颤组患者复律后Fib水平于第7天降至窦性心律组水平,D-二聚体浓度于第7天升至最高峰,其后逐渐下降,但直至复律后第30天仍高于窦性心律组。急性房颤组患者复律前及复律后t-PA及PAI-1活性与健康对照组和窦性心律组比较,差异均无统计学意义。结论老年高血压患者房颤急性发作时存在血栓前状态,并且在复律后仍可持续1个月。     

心房颤动患者复律前后左房血流动力学的变化

目的 :探讨心房颤动 (Af)患者复律前、后左房血流动力学的改变及演变过程。方法 :采用超声心动图观察 2 1例Af患者复律前后左房功能的改变 ,并对其中 18例应用多普勒检测二尖瓣血流频谱 (MIF)及肺静脉血流频谱 (PVF)的变化。另选 2 0例健康者为对照组。结果 :①Af患者复律后 ,即刻左房收缩功能减弱 ,以后逐渐恢复 ;②非风湿性心脏病Af患者复律即刻左房射血力 (LAF)明显低于正常对照组 ;③维持窦性心律≥ 3个月者 ,左房内径 (LAD)和容积 (LAV)显著缩小 ;而Af复发者 (维持窦性心律 <3个月 )LAD、LAV无明显改变。结论 :Af患者重建窦性心律后 ,左房收缩功能逐渐恢复 ,且与复律前Af持续时间有关 ;Af时收缩期肺静脉回流减少 ,提示左房压增高 ;Af复律后随着左房收缩功能的恢复 ,左房血流动力学恢复正常 ,但恢复过程需要 1～ 4周 ;Af复律后即刻左室心肌受除颤电流的影响 ,左室舒张期顺应性下降 ,可呈现短暂的心肌顿抑现象     

持续性房颤电复律后射频消融术中成功率及术后短期复发率的研究

【】目的 通过研究持续性房颤经电复律成功后再行射频消融术治疗与直接行射频消融术治疗的术中直接复律效果,探索更适宜接受射频消融术治疗的持续性房颤人群特点。方法 回顾分析2011年9月------2014年1月在我院行房颤射频消融术的54例持续性房颤患者,根据术前是否经同经步直流电复律为窦性心律,且维持窦性心律维持超过3个月,分为2组。A组术前经同经步直流电复律为窦性心律并维持窦性心律维持超过3个月后再发房颤,再接受射频消融术治疗16例,B组未行电复律,直接射频消融术治疗38例,比较2组术中射频消融直接恢复窦性心律比率及术后6个月房颤复发率。结果 术中直接复律率A组高于B组(56.2% VS 26.3% p =0.035)6个月复发率A组低于B组(18.8％ VS 47.3％, p =0.045)。结论 经电复律后可较长时间维持窦性心律的持续性房颤患者接受射频消融术治疗复律成功率较高,早期复发率低。     

心房顿抑

1965年Logan WF．等首次报道心房颤动(房颤)复律后左房机械功能异常，其后将房颤和房扑恢复窦性心律时出现一过性的左心房和左心耳机械功能的异常称为心房顿抑。尽管已经恢复窦性心律，但由于发生心房顿抑，左心房和左心耳内血流速度仍然缓慢，这与复律后血栓栓塞事件的增加有关。心房顿     

氯沙坦和胺碘酮联用在心房颤动复律后维持窦性心律的作用

目的:观察氯沙坦联用胺碘酮在心房颤动(房颤)复律后维持窦性心律的作用及对左房大小的影响.方法:93例房颤患者,复律后随机分为2组:A组给予胺碘酮治疗;B组在服用胺碘酮的基础上加用氯沙坦.观察2组治疗前后左心房大小变化和房颤复发情况.结果:随访1年后B组的窦性心律的维持率明显高于A组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);B组治疗后较治疗前左房内径显著缩小(P＜0.05),A组治疗前后无差异.结论:氯沙坦联用胺碘酮在房颤复律后维持窦性心律较单用胺碘酮更有效,并可逆转左房扩大.     

环肺静脉电隔离对阵发性心房颤动患者左房功能的影响

目的应用超声心动图技术评价环肺静脉电隔离术(CPVA)对阵发性心房颤动(PAF)患者左房功能的影响。方法 PAF患者81例,择期行CPVA,据术后PAF有无复发分为成功组及复发组;应用超声心动图测定术前及术后3天、3个月、12个月时静息状态下左房主动排空容积(LAAEV)、左房主动排空分数(LAAEF)、左房最大容积(LAVmax)、左房总排空容积(LATEV)、左房总排空分数(LATEF)、二尖瓣血流频谱A峰峰值流速(VA)、A峰速度时间积分(A-VTI)及左房射血力(LAEF)。结果成功组,术后3个月与术前比较,反应左房辅助泵功能的指标LAAEV、VA、A-VTI及LAEF均减少(P0.05);术后12个月与术前比较,LAAEV、VA、A-VTI及LAEF均增加(P0.05),反映左房储存功能的指标LAVmax、LATEV及LATEF均增加(P0.05)。复发组,术后12个月与术前比较,LAAEV、VA、A-VTI及LAEF均减少(P0.05)。结论 CPVA对PAF患者术后近期左房功能有不利影响,而术后远期功能得到明显改善。     

用奎尼丁、乙胺碘呋酮和双异丙吡胺作房颤复律和维持窦性心律的疗效比较

房颤药物复律法有其简便易行且易为患者接受的优点,复律后的药物维持,是保持窦性心律的重要手段。本文分别以奎尼丁、乙胺碘呋酮及双异丙吡胺作房颤复律及复律后(包括电击复律)维持窦性心律的疗效进行比较。 资料和方法 一、病例选择 全部房颤病例除有药物复律的绝对禁忌证外,对房颤病因、病程长短、左房大小、心电图f波幅度等均未加选择。 二、用药分组 (一)复律组:共328例次,其中奎尼丁组204     

心脏瓣膜置换术后持续性心房颤动的电复律

目的探讨心脏瓣膜置换术后持续性心房颤动(简称房颤)电复律的成功率和安全性。方法对瓣膜置换术后病程长、左房增大(≥50mm)的持续性房颤患者135例行同步直流电复律治疗。电复律之前常规抗凝,加用厄贝沙坦和胺碘酮,积极处理原发心脏疾病。复律成功后继续服用厄贝沙坦和胺碘酮,3个月后停止。随访至电复律后12个月。结果135例,6例(4.4%)加用药物后自行转复。126例电击成功(97.7%)。3例(2.3%)未能转复。132例复律成功者12个月后123例维持窦性心律(93.2%),9例复发;复律后3,12个月左房内径较复律前缩小(P<0.05),左室射血分数增加(P<0.05)。结论对于瓣膜置换术后病程长、左房增大(≥50mm)的持续性房颤患者,应尝试给予转复的机会,在经过充分准备和抗心律失常药物协同应用下,其电复律成功率高,窦性心律维持时间长,并发症少。     

血浆脑钠肽在心房纤颤患者中应用的临床意义分析

目的 观察心房纤颤(房颤)对血浆脑钠肽(BNP)水平的影响并探讨其临床意义.方法 采用美国博适-Triag干式快速定量(心力衰竭/心肌梗死)诊断仪床旁测定86例心功能正常房颤患者及30例无器质性心脏病窦性心律患者BNP水平.对房颤患者进行药物复律,测定复律前后血浆BNP水平.结果 房颤患者BNP水平显著高于无器质性心脏病窦性心律患者(P＜0.01).房颤组中,复律成功组复律后的BNP水平显著下降(P＜0.01);复律成功组复律前BNP水平明显低于未复律成功组(P＜0.01).结论 房颤是影响BNP分泌的重要因素,BNP水平是预测房颤复律效果的重要指标,复律后BNP水平显著下降.     

心房颤动患者复律前后左心房功能变化的超声研究

目的　探讨心房颤动 ( AF )复律后左心房功能变化的特点。方法　选择 AF病人 96例 ,按心脏节律转复的方式分为自发性复律 ( A)组 2 4例 ,药物复律 ( B)组 40例及直流电复律 ( C)组 3 2例 ;分别应用超声心动图测定其左心房内径和容积 ,计算左心房主动和被动排空容积 ,并评价左心房功能。结果　AF时所有病人的左心房扩大 ,而恢复窦性心律后 A、B及 C组左心房内径降低者分别为 10 0 %、74%及 5 2 %。 62例左心房机械功能正常患者与 3 4例左心房功能降低患者比较有更强的左心房射血力 ( LAEF ) ,这与复律后左心房内径降低有关。左心房功能异常( L AEF<7达因 )患者左心房内径和容积分别与左心房射血力呈负相关 ( r=-0 .72和 -0 .76,P<0 .0 0 1)。左心房主动排空分数降低而管道容积却增加。结论　心房颤动复律后 ,左心房机械功能的延迟恢复与持续存在的的左心房扩大有关     

左房机械功能对持续性心房颤动电复律术后疗效的影响

目的探讨左房机械功能对持续性心房颤动(简称房颤)电复律术后疗效影响。方法选择30例持续性房颤成功电复律患者,应用超声心动图测定其电复律术后48 h静息时窦性心律(简称窦律)下最大二尖瓣口面积、A波速度峰值(PMA),E波速度峰值(PME),计算左房射血力,测量左房内径,随访2个月,分析左房机械功能指标与持续性房颤电复律术后复发的关系。结果有11例(36.7%)患者电复律术后2个月复发,复发组左房射血力较窦律维持组明显下降[(8.5±2.4)×10-5N vs(11.4±3.6)×10-5N,P=0.020〗;复发组6例左房机械功能低下,较窦律维持组(5例)显著升高(54.5%vs 26.3%,χ2=4.9,P=0.042)。而复发组左房内径有增大的趋势(37.3±4.1mm vs 34.4±4.2 mm,P=0.077)。结论左房机械功能低下是持续性房颤电复律术后近期复发的危险因素。     

The left atrial function index: a rhythm independent marker of atrial function.

AIMS: This study evaluates a simple echocardiographic rhythm independent expression of left atrial (LA) function, 'the left atrial function index' (LAFI). BACKGROUND: Quantitation of LA function is challenging and often established parameters including peak A are limited to sinus rhythm (SR). We hypothesized that atrial function could be characterized independent of rhythm by combining analogues of LA volume, reservoir function and LV stroke volume. METHODS: Seventy-two patients with chronic atrial fibrillation (CAF) were followed for six months post cardioversion (CV). Thirty-seven age matched healthy subjects were controls. The LAFI = LAEF x LVOT-VTI/LAESVI (LAEF = LA emptying fraction, LAESVI = maximal LA volume indexed to BSA, LVOT-VTI = outflow tract velocity time integral). RESULTS: The LAFI pre-CV in the CAF group was depressed vs controls (0.10 +/- 0.05 vs 0.54 +/- 0.17; P = 0.0001). Post-CV, LAFI was lower in persistent AF than in those restored to SR (AF vs SR: 0.08 +/- 0.03 vs 0.15 +/- 0.08; P = 0.0001), improved progressively in SR and was unchanged when AF persisted. CONCLUSION: The LAFI, a simple, rhythm independent expression of atrial function, appears sensitive to differences between individuals in AF and those restored to SR and justifies clinical and investigative applications.     

Serial evaluation of left atrial dimension after cardioversion for atrial fibrillation and relation to atrial function

The size of the left atrium is usually increased during atrial fibrillation (AF). The aim of the present study was to evaluate changes in left atrial (LA) dimension after cardioversion for AF, and the relation between LA dimension and atrial function. The initial study population included 171 consecutive patients. Patients who had spontaneous cardioversion to sinus rhythm (56 patients) were compared with patients who had random cardio-version with drugs (50 patients) or direct-current (DC) shock (50 patients). Echocardiographic evaluations included LA size and volume. LA passive and active emptying volumes were calculated, and LA function was assessed. Atrial stunning was observed in 18 patients reverted with DC shock and in 7 patients reverted with drugs. The left atrium was dilated in all patients during AF (48 +/- 5 mm). The size of the left atrium decreased after restoration of sinus rhythm in all patients with spontaneous reversion to sinus rhythm, in 73% of patients reverted with drugs, and in 50% of patients reverted with DC shock. The comparison between patients with a normal mechanical atrial function and patients with reduced atrial function showed that a higher atrial ejection force was associated with a more marked reduction in LA size after restoration of sinus rhythm. A relation between LA volumes and atrial ejection force was observed in the group of patients with depressed atrial mechanical function (r = -0.78; p <0.001). The active emptying fraction was lower, although not significantly, in this group, whereas the conduit volume was increased. Thus, a depressed atrial mechanical function after cardioversion for AF was associated with a persistence of LA dilation.     

Concomitant recovery of atrial mechanical and endocrine function after cardioversion in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate left atrial mechanical function recovery and plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) release following successful cardioversion of persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation is characterized by functional deterioration, loss of atrial contraction, and elevation of plasma ANP levels. The response of ANP release toward atrial mechanical function after cardioversion of AF has not been fully examined. METHODS: We examined 29 patients with successfully cardioverted persistent AF in whom sinus rhythm was maintained for at least 30 days after cardioversion. We assessed mechanical function of the left atrium at 24 h and 7 and 30 days after cardioversion and evaluated plasma ANP level at the same time. Atrial mechanical function was assessed during echocardiographic examination by means of the peak velocity of the transmitral A-wave, early transmitral to atrial flow velocity ratio, and atrial filling fraction (AFF). The plasma ANP level was determined by the radioimmunoassay method. RESULTS: Plasma ANP levels were significantly reduced from 59.4 +/- 16.6 pg/ml to 31.1 +/- 9.2 pg/ml at 24 h after successful cardioversion. Within 30 days, we noted progressive improvement of atrial systolic function (increase in AFF from 21% to 31%, p < 0.05). At the same time, plasma ANP levels gradually increased from 31.1 +/- 9.2 pg/ml at 24 h to 36.9 +/- 12.8 pg/ml on day 30 following cardioversion (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Plasma ANP levels significantly decreased in patients with persistent AF after successful cardioversion. In the 30 days after cardioversion, gradual elevation of plasma ANP concentration was observed concomitantly with an increase of AFF. Plasma ANP release after successful cardioversion of persistent AF might be due to recovery of atrial mechanical function.     

环肺静脉射频消融心房颤动对左心房结构和功能的影响

目的评价环肺静脉射频消融心房颤动（房颤）对左心房结构和功能的影响。方法对98例房颤患者环肺静脉射频消融术前及术后1年行超声心动图检查。分别测量左心房内径（LAD）、左心房收缩末容积（LAESV）、左心房舒张末容积（LAEDV）、二尖瓣血流速度峰值（VA）并计算左心房管道容积、左心房排空容积、左心房射血分数（LAEF）。结果环肺静脉消融术后LAD、LAESV、LAEDV、左心房排空容积较术前减小（P〈0．05）,管道容积较术前增大（P〈0．05）,VA、LAEF与术前比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论房颤环肺静脉隔离术后左心房结构及功能发生重构。术后左心房的内径和容积较术前减小;房颤环肺静脉隔离术后左心房的机械功能发生变化,左心房的储存功能降低,左心房的辅助泵功能无明显变化,左心房的管道功能增强。     

Comparison of left atrial volume and function after linear ablation and after cardioversion for chronic atrial fibrillation

Several techniques for treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) have been developed, including the direct placement of radiofrequency for lesions at open heart surgery. Detailed evaluation of left atrial (LA) function has not been performed after these procedures and has not been compared in patients with chronic AF. We compared the atrial function of patients with sustained sinus rhythm (SR) after linear ablation with a group who underwent direct-current cardioversion and a group of normal controls to investigate the measurable deleterious effects, if any, on atrial function after the surgical procedure. Twenty-one consecutive patients who had maintained SR for >6 months after a linear radiofrequency ablation (LRFA) procedure were studied. As control subjects, we examined 33 patients with chronic AF successfully restored to SR by cardioversion who maintained SR for >6 months and 42 age-matched normal subjects. LA function was decreased in both the LRFA and cardioverted AF groups compared with normal controls. The parameters of LA function, atrial fraction, LA ejection fraction, and the A' velocity were lowest in the LRFA group, intermediate in the cardioverted AF group, and highest in the normal controls (LA function: 15.8 +/- 10%, 26 +/- 10%, 33 +/- 7%; p = 0.0001; LA ejection fraction: 31 +13%, 41 +/- 12%, 51 +/- 9%; p = 0.0001; A' velocity: 4.2 +/- 1.4, 7.6 +/- 2.2, 9.5 +/- 1.9 cm/s; p = 0.0001). LA volumes were increased in the LRFA and cardioverted AF groups compared with normals (62.8 +/- 22 vs 70.6 +/- 17 vs 38.7 +/- 9.8 ml; p = 0.0001). Thus, although LA function is restored and maintained after LRFA has been performed during open heart surgery, LRFA use is associated with a measurable decrease in LA function over and above that found after conventional cardioversion.     

Pre-treatment with Irbesartan attenuates left atrial stunning after electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation.

AIMS: Left atrial (LA) stunning, the transient impairment of LA function, is responsible for an increased thrombo-embolic risk after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (AF). Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) attenuate atrial remodelling in AF and could theoretically influence LA stunning. We studied the effect of Irbesartan on LA stunning. METHODS AND RESULTS: We prospectively assigned 50 patients from the outpatient clinic undergoing electrical cardioversion for AF with duration of >4 weeks, into two matched groups: 25 patients were treated with Irbesartan (228+/-93 mg/day) for at least 2 weeks prior to cardioversion (Irbesartan group); 25 patients did not receive ARBs (control group). The groups did not differ concerning age (64+/-13 vs. 63+/-13 years, respectively), AF duration (20+/-18 vs. 20+/-19 weeks), underlying disease, LA diameter (46+/-7 vs. 47+/-9 mm), left ventricular dimensions, and ejection fraction (47.7+/-11.6 vs. 49.7+/-14.5%). We assessed LA appendage emptying velocities (LAAEV) and LA spontaneous echo contrast (LASEC) by transoesophageal echocardiography before and after cardioversion and at 2 weeks, and the A-wave by transthoracic echocardiography after cardioversion, at 2 and at 4 weeks. LA stunning was significantly attenuated in the Irbesartan group. The reduction of LAAEV immediately after cardioversion was significantly less in the Irbesartan group (LAAEV reduction of 9+/-49% from 28+/-9 cm/s before cardioversion to 25+/-13 cm/s immediately afterwards) than in the control group (reduction of 48+/-20% from 34+/-15 cm/s before cardioversion to 16+/-6 cm/s afterwards) (P = 0.048). New or increased LASEC occurred in eight patients (32%) in the Irbesartan vs. 16 patients (64%) in the control group (P = 0.046). CONCLUSION: Irbesartan significantly attenuates LA stunning after electrical cardioversion of AF. Therefore, ARBs may represent an important pharmacological supplementation in patients being prepared for cardioversion.     

氧化应激对心房颤动心房间质纤维化影响的实验研究

目的 观察氧化应激对慢性心房快速起搏诱发心房颤动(房颤)犬心房肌间质纤维化的影响.方法 20只犬分为假手术组、对照组和普罗布考组.无菌条件下开胸手术,植入高频起搏器(400次/min)心房快速起搏6周,建立房颤犬模型.普罗布考组于起搏前1周服用普罗布考(100 mg/kg),至起搏6周结束.采用Masson染色观察各组犬心房肌胶原容积分数(CVF);采用Western印迹法检测各组犬心房肌MMP-9、TMP-1表达;分别于起搏前、起搏6周后测量各组犬左心房最大容积(LAVmax)、最小容积(LAVmin)和射血分数(LAEF);测定左心耳最大容积(LAAVmax)、最小容积(LAAVmin)和射血分数(LAAEF);记录左心耳最大正向血流速度(V-LAA+)和负向血流速度(V-LAA-);比色法检测各组犬心房肌氧化应激相关指标.结果 与假手术组相比,对照组犬心房肌CVF值显著增加,普罗布考能够显著降低房颤犬心房肌CVF值.与假手术组比较,对照组犬心房肌MMP-9表达显著上调(P＜0.01),TMP-1表达显著下调(P＜0.01);与对照组犬比较,普罗布考组犬心房肌MMP-9表达显著降低(P＜0.01),TMP-1表达显著升高(P＜0.01).心房快速起搏6周后,对照组犬LAVmax、LAVmin、LAAVmax和LAAVmin明显增大,LAEF、LAAEF、V-LAA+和V-LAA-显著减小.与假手术组犬比较,对照组犬心房肌MDA-水平显著增加(P＜0.01),与对照组犬比较,普罗布考组犬心房肌MDA水平显著降低(P＜0.01),心房肌氧化应激指标(MDA)与CVF值呈正相关(r=0.976,P＜0.001).结论 长期心房快速起搏诱发房颤犬心房肌存在氧化应激,心房肌MMP-9表达显著上调,TIM-1表达显著下调,心房肌纤维化程度显著增加.普罗布考能够通过抑制氧化应激,抑制房颤犬心房肌MMP-9表达上调,促进TIM-1表达上调,防止房颤犬心房结构重构,改善心房功能,对房颤防治有益.