肾脏癌肉瘤和肉瘤样癌的病理及临床特点

目的：总结。肾脏癌肉瘤和肉瘤样癌的病理及临床特点。方法：回顾性分析1例。肾脏癌肉瘤和1例·肾脏肉瘤样癌的的临床资料,2例患者均为男性,年龄分别为60岁、64岁。1例以右腹部肿块伴体重减轻就诊,影像学检查发现右侧。肾脏巨大占位性病变。另1例以右侧腰区间歇性疼痛伴全程肉眼血尿就诊,影像学检查提示右肾巨大占位性病变,侵及。肾周筋膜外组织,有淋巴结转移,2例患者均行肿物根治性切除。结果：2例患者均成功进行根治性肾脏肿物切除术。病理诊断：第1例患者肿块存在癌与肉瘤两种成分,癌成分为嫌色细胞瘤,肉瘤为平滑肌以及纤维成分混合来源,诊断为。肾脏实质癌肉瘤。术后3个月存活良好,目前在随访中。另1例诊断为。肾脏肉瘤样癌,侵及。肾周组织,术后未行任何辅助治疗,2个月后死亡。结论：。肾脏癌肉瘤和肉瘤样癌临床少见,具有浸润性生长的生物学特性,恶性程度高,多数患者对放化疗不敏感,预后较差。免疫组织化学检查对于确诊有重要价值。根治性切除仍然是目前首选的治疗手段。     

结肠肉瘤样癌三例临床病理分析

目的总结结肠肉瘤样癌的临床特征、诊断、治疗及预后。方法 2013年1月1日～2020年9月1日我院诊断为结肠肉瘤样癌的病人3例,分析其临床病理信息和预后情况。结果男性1例,女性2例,平均年龄62岁(52～72岁)。1例血清CA19-9升高。影像学检查提示肠壁不规则增厚,增强后见强化。3例均接受肠癌根治性切除术,1例为开腹手术,2例为经腹腔镜手术。病理均由低黏附性梭形肿瘤细胞组成,表达CAM5.2、Vimintin、INI1、BRG1。1例侵犯胆囊,1例淋巴结转移。随访截止,1例死亡。结论肉瘤样癌是肠癌的特殊亚型,生物学行为不良。确诊需结合组织形态和免疫标志。根治性手术是获得良好预后的有效方式。     

肾盂肉瘤样癌的临床病理特征及预后

目的:探讨肾盂肉瘤样癌的临床病理特征及预后。方法:对我院2000年1月~2010年12月收治的2例经病理检查证实为肾盂肉瘤样癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:2例术后病理检查均为肾盂肉瘤样癌,手术切缘阴性。1例(45岁,T3N0M0)术后未行放疗和化疗,随访12个月,患者死于全身多处脏器肿瘤转移;1例(80岁,T3N0M0)术后未行辅助治疗,随访10个月,患者死于恶病质。2例患者平均生存时间11个月(10~12个月)。结论:肾盂肉瘤样癌临床罕见,恶性程度高,浸润性强,预后不佳。术前不易确诊,确诊有赖于病理检查。     

胆囊肉瘤样癌五例临床分析

目的总结胆囊肉瘤样癌的临床特点、诊断、治疗及预后特点。方法 2012年4月～2020年4月我院诊断为胆囊肉瘤样癌病人5例,分析病人症状体征、术前影像学、肿瘤标志物、手术及预后等情况。结果 5例胆囊肉瘤样癌病人症状均无特异性。术前肿瘤标记物检查:CA-199升高2例,CA-125升高2例,CEA呈轻度升高1例,5例病人铁蛋白均明显升高,其影像学表现与胆囊腺癌无明显差异。4例行RO切除,1例R1切除,截止至末次随访时间,除最近1例病人术后8个月仍存活外,其余均未能获得长期生存。结论胆囊肉瘤样癌无特殊临床表现,其确诊依赖于病理及免疫组织化学检验,该类型肿瘤恶性程度高,进展迅速。临床治疗仍以手术根治性切除为主,其发生率极低,仍需大宗病例及长期随访以寻求更佳治疗方式。     

阴茎肉瘤样癌1例

1 临床资料 患者,男,85岁,农民.因发现阴茎肿物2年入院.患者2年前发现阴茎头处一米粒大小肿物,伴轻微触痛,于当地医院行局部药物治疗无效后未行进一步诊治.1个月前患者因阴茎肿物逐渐增大伴表面破溃就诊于我院.既往史:10年前因包茎行包皮环切术.查体:阴茎头处见一大小约3.5 cm×3.5 cm ×6.0 cm菜花样肿...     

小肠肉瘤样癌1例

病人，男，54岁，因腹胀2月，发热、黑便1月于2008年3月21日入院。查体：T38．6℃，P104次／min，BP14．7／8kPa（110／60mmHg），贫血貌，腹稍膨隆，下腹部可扪及约20cm×10cm大小肿块，质地硬，边界欠清，稍活动、无压痛。移动性浊音阳性，肠鸣音稍活跃。查血常规WBC17．0×10^9／L，Hb56g／L；ALB20．3g／L；腹部彩超提示下腹混合性巨大包块。经积极术前准备，于2008年3月25日在全麻下行剖腹探查术，术中发现回肠末端一巨大肿块，呈浸润样生长，约20cm×10cm，向下直达盆底，累及乙状结肠，前方侵犯盆壁，行小肠肿块切除＋受累结肠切除，直肠与乙状结肠吻合及回肠造瘘术。术后病检报告小肠腔内有一20cm×10cm×10cm肿块，镜下见肿瘤异型性明显，有多核、巨核瘤细胞，核分裂多见、大片出血坏死，     

结肠肉瘤样癌1例

患者女,57岁,因＂反复性腹痛半月＂于2011年7月14日入院。患者半月前无明显诱因感腹部隐痛,右腹尤重,弯腰时加重,并伴坠胀感,无呕吐,无腹胀腹泻,二便可,体质量未见明显减轻。既往体健,家族无肿瘤病及遗传病。     

膀胱肉瘤样癌1例

患者,女,78岁.尿频、尿急并排尿困难3个月,于2008年4月16日入院.体检:一般情况好,尿常规红细胞( ),白细胞5～7/HP,蛋白( ).IVU示膀胱颈口右侧3.6 cm×2.5 am充盈缺损,边界欠清,双肾功能良好.B超示膀胱颈口右侧占位病变.膀胱镜检查示膀胱颈口右侧有一直径约3.6 cm大小的肿块突起,活动度差,表面有坏死,双侧输尿管开口正常.近膀胱颈口处尿道内黏膜苍白,覆有坏死样黏膜组织.行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(TURBt),术中见肿瘤切面实性,淡黄色,质地略硬.术后病理诊断:膀胱肉瘤样癌.免疫组织化学显示癌组织CK阳性,Vim-entin阴性;肉瘤样区CK阳性,Vimentin阳性,Desmin、S-100蛋白及myoglobin均阴性.     

膀胱肉瘤样癌二例报告

目的探讨膀胱肉瘤样癌组织学特性，提高对膀胱肉瘤样癌和膀胱癌肉瘤病理学上区别的认识。方法报告2例膀胱肉瘤样癌病例资料。2例均为男性，年龄分别为76、59岁。均以肉眼血尿就诊，膀胱镜、CT和B超检查均诊断为膀胱肿瘤，肿瘤呈浸润性生长。术前活检均提示为移行上皮细胞癌。结果2例均行膀胱部分切除术。1例术前行新辅助化疗。术后病理可见上皮和肉瘤样问质2种恶性成分，但癌与肉瘤样区有移行，诊断为膀胱肉瘤样癌。术后均行全身化疗和膀胱灌注化疗，3个月后复查局部肿瘤复发。1例5个月后死于心脏疾病，另1例仍在随访中。结论膀胱肉瘤样癌为尿路上皮癌的一种亚型，具有呈浸润性生长的生物学特性，恶性程度高，预后不良，在制定治疗方案尤其是化、放疗方案时应充分考虑。     

Malignant Sarcomatoid Tumor of the Liver: Report of a Case

A 65-year-old man was referred to our hospital for treatment of a liver tumor. Abdominal ultrasonography (US) demonstrated a low echoic mass in the S2–S4 region of the liver, which was confirmed by abdominal computed tomography (CT). In the delayed phase of angio-CT, the inside of the mass was not enhanced. Abdominal angiography showed a hypovascular area in the liver. An extended left lobectomy was performed. Macroscopically, the tumor was 9.5 × 9.5 cm in size, and on cross section, it was white and clearly demarcated from the surrounding tissue. Microscopic observation of hematoxylin–eosin-stained specimens did not show any glandular or trabecular formation. Histologically, there was diffuse proliferation of atypical spindle cells that had hyperchromatic, short, spindle-shaped nuclei, and pale cytoplasm with poor intercellular adhesion. The nontumorous tissue was almost normal with no sign of cirrhosis. Immunohistochemical examination showed that the spindle cells were positive for vimentin and cytokeratins (AE1/AE3, CAM 5.2), but negative for all other markers. The final diagnosis was a sarcomatoid carcinoma, the origin of which was not able to be confirmed immunohistochemically. This case of a primary hepatic tumor composed of malignant cells with sarcomatous features is described, and the immunohistochemical findings are discussed. Received: February 21, 2000 / Accepted: July 25, 2000     

肝移植治疗混合细胞型肝癌21例临床分析

目的 探讨肝移植治疗混合细胞型肝癌的疗效以及影响预后的因素.方法 回顾性分析原位肝移植治疗的21例混合细胞型肝癌患者以及非肝移植治疗的8例临床及病理资料,采用Kaplan-Meier法计算肝移植术后患者累积生存率和无瘤生存率,Log-Rank检验行单因素分析,COX回归多因素分析预测影响预后的临床因素.结果 肝移植组21例患者术后围手术期生存率100％.术后生存时间1～ 103个月,中位生存时间23个月.术后无瘤生存时间3～ 103个月,中位无瘤生存时间15个月.1年、2年、3年、5年总体累积生存率分别为69％、58％、38％和38％,累积无瘤生存率分别为63％、52％、38％和38％.非肝移植组生存时间1～11个月,中位生存时间6个月,6个月生存率为50％,1年生存率为0.单因素分析显示,术前伴有肝硬化、肿瘤直径、淋巴结转移、门静脉肉眼癌栓及Allen分型为混杂型可能是预后不良的影响因素(P＜0.05).多因素分析提示,淋巴结转移、门静脉肉眼癌栓为影响预后的独立因素(P＜0.05).结论 肝移植是治疗混合细胞型肝癌的一种有效方法,严格筛选适应证可有效降低肿瘤复发转移的风险并延长生存期.     

Sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma of the penis: a clinical and pathological study of 5 cases

PURPOSE: We analyzed clinical, morphological and immunohistochemical features in 5 cases of sarcomatoid or spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The clinical and pathological files of all patients with penile carcinoma treated at our hospital between 1956 and 2002 were reviewed. Cases diagnosed as sarcomatoid squamous cell cancer were selected. RESULTS: Five of 341 patients (1.4%) had sarcomatoid penile carcinoma. Tumor stage was T2N0 in 2 patients, T2N2 in 2 and T4N3 in 1. In all patients partial or total penectomy was eventually performed. Three patients underwent bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy. Four of 5 patients had distant metastatic disease and died within 1 year after diagnosis. One patient had exclusive hematogenous spread without lymph node involvement. Foci of distant metastatic tumor sites were the lung, skin, bone, pericardium and pleura. In 4 patients the diagnosis was based on the expression of keratin filaments in a predominantly spindle cell penile tumor or by the identification of carcinomatous and sarcomatoid areas on hematoxylin and eosin stained slides of the primary tumor. In 1 case a squamous component in a lymph node metastasis rendered the keratin negative spindle cell primary tumor sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: Sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma of the penis is a subtype of squamous cell carcinoma with a poor prognosis often associated with wide hematogeneous spread. It is a rare malignancy that is often difficult to diagnose, requiring additional immunohistochemical stains.     

Testicular metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma

We document a case of testicular metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma. The patient suffered from bilateral testicular painful swelling for 6 months. Scrotal ultrasonography showed bilateral testicular tumors and the whole abdominal computed tomography revealed a huge tumor in the left lobe of the liver. Bilateral orchiectomy and postoperative ultrasound-guided liver biopsy were done. Pathological examination revealed metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatocellular carcinoma with testicular metastases is a very rare disease.     

Case report: Sarcomatoid carcinoma arising from the ureter: A rare case and a treatment dilemma

We report an interesting case of a patient with sarcomatoid carcinoma arising from the left ureter who presented with left iliac fossa pain. The diagnosis was based on CT and histological findings. To our knowledge, this is the first case of sarcomatoid carcinoma arising from the ureter reported. The literature review also highlights the rarity and the poor prognosis of the disease despite aggressive interventions.     

直肠神经内分泌癌16例临床分析

目的总结直肠神经内分泌癌（NEC）的临床病例资料与外科治疗策略。方法回顾性分析北京肿瘤医院2003-2007年经外科手术治疗16例直肠NEC患者的临床资料,并与同期经手术治疗的222例直肠腺癌患者的临床资料进行对比分析。结果16例直肠NEC患者占同期直肠恶性肿瘤392例的4．1％,其中非典型类癌10例,小细胞NEC3例,大细胞NEC3例。仅12．5％的患者术前血清癌胚抗原（CEA）升高;25．0％的患者行腹会阴联合切除术（APR）,43．8％行低位前切除术（LAR）,12．5％行联合脏器切除术,18．8％的患者肿瘤经肛门局部切除（LR）;有脉管癌栓者占37．5％,有淋巴结转移者占68．8％,43．9％的患者术中发现远处转移或肿瘤播散。222例直肠腺癌患者中,行根治性APR19．4％,行根治性LAR68．5％,行姑息性LAR5．4％,行结肠造口术2．7％,行剖腹探查术4．1％;有脉管癌栓者占20．7％,有淋巴结转移者占56．3％。直肠NEC患者术后1、2、3年的生存率分别为62．5％、25．0％和0．6％,明显低于直肠腺癌患者的83．1％、61．7％和46．1％（P〈0．01）。结论直肠NEC临床少见,较易发生脉管癌栓、淋巴结转移及远处脏器转移,生存率低于直肠腺癌;其外科手术原则与直肠腺癌相似。     

混合细胞性肝癌14例的诊断及外科治疗效果分析

目的：探讨混合细胞性肝癌（MHC）的临床特征、诊断及外科治疗效果。方法：对我院近30年来病理学检查证实的14例MHC临床资料进行回顾性分析研究，结果：本组男性9例，女性5例，发病年龄33－62岁（平均50岁），10例（71例）伴有乙型肝炎病史，9例（64％）合并肝硬化，血清甲胎蛋白（AFP）升高9例，阳性率64例，全组病例手术切除率为86％（12／14），总的1、3、5年生存率分别为71％（10／14），43％（6／14），29％（4／14），其中切除癌灶病例的1、3、5年生存率分别为83％（10／12），50％（6／12），33％（4／12）。结论：本病缺乏特异性临床表现，术前明确诊断较为困难，最终诊断有赖于病理学检查，根治性手术切除是MHC的有效治疗手段，癌灶内胆管细胞癌成分可能是影响预后的关键因素。     

肝细胞癌肝移植89例预后分析

目的　总结肝细胞癌(HCC)肝移植临床经验,探讨HCC肝移植的预后影响因素。方法　应用单因素分析和逐步Logistic回归多因素分析方法,回顾性分析自1999年1月至2003年12月我单位施行的89例HCC肝移植患者的生存情况及各项临床病理指标对预后的影响。结果　移植后6个月、1年和2年累积生存率分别为81. 8%、55. 3%和43 .7%, 6个月、1年和2年无瘤生存率分别为62 .4%、35. 6%和24 .9%;随访期间肿瘤转移复发的总发生率为52 8%;Log rank检验结果显示,影响HCC患者肝移植术后累积生存率的因素为门静脉主干或分支癌栓形成(PVTT) (χ2 =15 14,P=0. 0001)、肿瘤大小(χ2 =15. 05,P=0 .0001 )、肝硬化背景(χ2 =6 14,P=0 .0132 )、术前甲胎蛋白(AFP)水平(χ2 =5 .82,P=0. 0159)和组织学分级(χ2 =4. 61,P=0 .0319);影响无瘤生存率的因素包括PVTT(χ2 =26 .30,P<0. 0001 )、肿瘤大小(χ2 =25 .25,P<0 0001 )、AFP水平(χ2 =14. 83,P=0 .0001)、组织学分级(χ2 =12 54,P=0. 0004 )、肿瘤分布(χ2 =12 73,P=0. 0004 )、肿瘤数目(χ2 =9 81,P=0 0017)以及肝硬化背景(χ2 =9 .76,P=0 .0018)。多因素分析结果显示,与累积生存率显著相关的因素是PVTT(RR=4. 721,P=0. 001 )、年龄(RR=3. 282,P=0 .007 )和组织学分级(RR=2. 368,P=0.     

Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma: Biology and treatment advances

Sarcomatoid transformation in renal cell carcinoma, so called sacromatoid RCC (sRCC), is associated with an aggressive behavior and a poor prognosis. Current therapeutic approaches are largely ineffective. Recent studies looking into the genomic and molecular characterization of sRCCs have provided insights into the biology and pathogenesis of this entity. These advances in molecular signatures may help development of effective treatment strategies. We herein present a review of recent developments in the pathology, biology, and treatment modalities in sRCC.