腹腔镜肿瘤剜除术治疗浆膜下型膀胱平滑肌瘤的临床体会

目的探讨腹腔镜肿瘤剜除术治疗浆膜下型膀胱平滑肌瘤的疗效及安全性。 方法回顾性分析2010年9月到2016年11月腹腔镜治疗膀胱浆膜下平滑肌瘤8例患者资料,其中男性5例,女性3例,年龄31~65（平均47±10）岁,主诉为膀胱刺激症状者3例,下腹痛者2例,无临床症状、体检发现者3例。病程1周至3年,平均21个月。所有患者术前均行尿常规、超声、CT尿路成像（CTU）、膀胱镜等检查,尿常规均正常。 结果8例患者均行腹腔镜膀胱肿瘤剜除治疗且完整剜出肿块,快速病理均示平滑肌瘤,术后病理示膀胱平滑肌瘤,其中7例患者因膀胱黏膜完好未予缝合。手术时间40~70（53±10）min,术中出血20~50（34±10）ml,术后随访3~12个月（平均7.5个月）均未见肿瘤复发且未诉尿瘘等常见并发症。 结论对于浆膜下型膀胱平滑肌瘤,腹腔镜下膀胱肿瘤剜除术是安全、有效的手术方法。     

A case of primary leiomyoma of the ureter

This report describes a case of primary leiomyoma of the ureter in which only partial ureterectomy was performed based on the diagnosis of benign tumor by rapid diagnosis using a frozen section during the operation. Surgical treatment was opted for upon diagnosis of a submucosal tumor of the right ureter, with no abnormal findings in the ureteral mucosa by ureteroscopy. To our knowledge, nine cases have been reported worldwide since 1955, suggesting this case to be the 10th.     

膀胱平滑肌瘤15例临床分析

目的探讨膀胱平滑肌瘤的临床表现、诊治方法和预后。方法回顾性分析1997年1月～2008年5月收治的15例膀胱平滑肌瘤患者的资料。其中男4例,女11例,年龄28~65岁,平均35岁。临床表现为排尿梗阻6例,排尿刺激症状5例,肉眼血尿3例,无任何临床症状体检时发现1例。病程1个月～3年,平均11．5个月。15例B超检查发现膀胱内占位病变,CT检查发现肿物均有不同程度强化,IVU检查12例发现膀胱充盈缺损,膀胱镜检查11例提示黏膜下占位。15例术前病理活检2例报告为平滑肌瘤。15例分别采用肿瘤剜除、膀胱部分切除和经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术治疗。13例行术中冰冻切片检查,报告为平滑肌瘤。结果15例患者术后排尿通畅,排尿刺激症状明显缓解,血尿消失。未发生手术并发症。术后随访6个月～5年,平均3年,未见肿瘤复发或转移。结论影像学结合膀胱镜检查是诊断膀胱平滑肌瘤的主要手段,外科手术治疗预后良好。     

膀胱平滑肌瘤:附8例报告

目的 探讨膀胱平滑肌瘤的临床特点及诊治疗效.方法 对8例膀胱平滑肌瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 8例患者,男性3例,女性5例,平均年龄42岁(27岁～71岁).经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切(TURBT)3例,开放膀胱部分切除术2例,肿瘤剜除2例,腹腔镜膀胱肿瘤剜除1例.8例患者随访10～75个月未见肿瘤复发.结论 膀胱平滑肌瘤临床罕见,手术效果满意,手术方式的选择应根据肿瘤大小和位置决定,腹腔镜手术创伤小、恢复快,将成为一种有效的手术替代方式.     

Leiomyomas of the female urethra and bladder: a report of five cases and review of the literature

Through the experience of five cases of leiomyoma developed in the female bladder and urethra with a review of the literature, we have made an effort to characterize the association of symptom with the size and location of the tumor and demonstrate an appropriate treatment. The study population was composed of patients who underwent surgery for bladder or urethral leiomyoma in our hospital from March 1990 to April 2005. Their medical records were reviewed retrospectively concerning the symptom, size and location of leiomyoma, the result of cystoscope and radiological examination, surgical method, pathologic report, complications, and recurrence. Four cases were diagnosed as urethral leiomyoma and one case as bladder leiomyoma. All patients with urethral leiomyoma were admitted for the chief complaint of a palpable tumor. When the tumor size was small, if it was located on the lateral side of the urethra, it was asymptomatic, but if located in the midline, it presented irritative or obstructive symptom. When it was big, if located on the lateral side, it presented irritative rather than obstructive symptom, and if located in the midline, it presented obstructive symptom. One case of bladder leiomyoma was discovered incidentally during ultrasonic exam. In all five cases, surgical removal was performed and complications or recurrence were not detected afterwards. Bladder and urethral leiomyomas are very rare and cause diverse manifestations from asymptomatic to irritative or obstructive symptom. It is presumed that the location and size of the tumor are associated with symptom. Unless it is the case with severe hemorrhage or obstructive acute renal failure, immediate surgery is not required. However, it is desirable to distinguish leiomyoma from malignant or other benign tumors by surgical biopsy or removal.     

膀胱平滑肌瘤误诊为子宫肌瘤1例并文献复习

目的:探讨膀胱平滑肌瘤的临床特点和诊治方法。方法:回顾性分析1例误诊为子宫肌瘤的膀胱平滑肌瘤患者的临床资料,患者女,50岁,尿频、尿急2个月余,间断无痛肉眼血尿10天。CT扫描示膀胱后壁有一2.6cm×3.1cm均质肿块突向膀胱内,界限清楚。行开放手术剜除肿瘤。结果:病理诊断为膀胱平滑肌瘤。术后患者恢复良好,排尿刺激症状消失。结论:膀胱平滑肌瘤与子宫肌瘤均为良性肿瘤,女性多发。二者均可出现膀胱刺激症状和下腹疼痛,不易鉴别。超声是较为敏感的诊断工具,而CT和MRI更有助于鉴别诊断和治疗方法的选择。两病治疗均首选手术,预后良好。     

经尿道等离子体双极电切术治疗良性前列腺增生及膀胱肿瘤

目的　探讨经尿道等离子体双极电切的安全性与有效性。　方法　用经尿道等离子体双极电切行前列腺切除 (PKRP) 30 0例 ,前列腺 2 1～ 12 6 g ,平均 (49.7± 35 .8) g ;行浅表性膀胱肿瘤切除 (PKRBT) 37例 ,肿瘤分级G12 5例 ,G2 12例。术后随访 1～ 6个月。　结果　PKRP手术时间 13～ 98min ,平均 (48± 31)min ;切除前列腺组织重量 7～ 91g ,平均 (31± 2 9)g。无 1例需输血 ,无电切综合征发生。术后 1、3、6个月 ,最大尿流率 (Qmax)由术前的 (5 .2± 3.9)ml/s分别上升至 (19.2±4 .1)、(2 1.8± 4 .6 )、(2 2 .3± 5 .7)ml/s;国际前列腺症状评分 (IPSS)由术前的 2 4 .7下降至 5 .7、5 .4、5 .1;生活质量评分 (QOL)由术前的 5 .3分别下降至 1.7、1.8、1.2。 3项指标手术前后比较差异均有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。PKRBT手术时间 5～ 39min ,平均 (2 4± 13)min。 17例侧壁肿瘤切除时 ,5例发生闭孔神经反射 ,其中 1例发生膀胱穿孔。随访 1～ 6个月无复发。　结论　用等离子体双极电切进行PKRP和PKRBT安全有效。     

多发性膀胱平滑肌瘤误诊为子宫内膜异位症1例并文献复习

目的提高对膀胱平滑肌瘤的认识,探讨其诊治方法。方法分析1例误诊为子宫内膜异位症的多发性膀胱平滑肌瘤患者的临床资料,并在文献复习的基础上对两种疾病的发病情况、临床表现、诊断及治疗方法进行讨论。结果患者经手术治愈,随访18个月,未见复发。结论膀胱颈部平滑肌瘤与子宫内膜异位症均可导致膀胱刺激症状和慢性盆腔痛,诊断主要依靠影像学检查,而剖宫产术导致的膀胱与宫颈粘连可造成诊断上的困难。两病治疗均首选手术,预后良好。     

Laparoscopic partial cystectomy for a vesical leiomyoma

A 47-year-old woman presented with gross hematuria and urinary frequency for 6 months. The tumor located at the dome of bladder was resected by transurethral resectoscope. The pathology revealed leiomyoma; however, her symptoms did not improve after the endoscopic procedure. We performed transurethral mucosal incision for circumscribing the margin of tumor and transperitoneoscopic partial cystectomy to treat the patient successfully.     

E-Cadherin在膀胱移行细胞癌中的表达

目的 探讨Ｅ－Ｃａｄｈｅｒｉｎ在膀胱移行细胞癌中表达的临床意义。方法 采用免疫组织化学方法,检测６３例膀胱移行细胞癌石蜡标本Ｅ－Ｃａｄｈｅｒｉｎ表达情况。结果 ６３例膀胱癌组织标本中Ｅ－Ｃａｄｈｅｒｉｎ表达异常者４２例（６７％）,异常表达率与膀胱癌的病理分期、分级、肿瘤复发和生存率间的差别均有显著性意义。结论 Ｅ－Ｃａｄｈｅｒｉｎ的异常表达与膀胱癌的恶性程度及复发密切相关,可作为判定肿瘤预后和复发     

Short-term culture of exfoliated cells from the urine of patients with bladder tumors

Summary This report concerns the short-term culture of urothelial cells from the urine sediment of over 100 patients with bladder tumors. Primary cell outgrowth was obtained in approximately 60% of the cultures initiated. Culture outcome was not related to tumor grade, patient age, or volume of the urine sample. Around 85% of the proliferating cultures were successfully transferred into multi-compartment chamber/slides. These results suggest that the culture system may be a useful tool for the study of urothelial cells using patient material obtained by non-invasive means.     

Pseudosarcomatous fibromyxoid tumor of the bladder

Pseudosarcomatous fibromyxoid tumors are uncommon lesions with uncertain pathogenesis. We present the case of a 36-year-old healthy patient who was evaluated for painless gross hematuria. Work-up revealed a bladder mass that was initially treated with transurethral resection that showed pseudosarcomatous fibromyxoid tumors. However, the mass recurred and was subsequently treated definitively with partial cystectomy with no recurrence at last follow-up. Partial cystectomy is a viable option in the treatment of recurrent symptomatic pseudosarcomatous fibromyxoid tumors of the bladder, when performed selectively.     

经尿道肿瘤剜除术治疗黏膜下型膀胱平滑肌瘤初探

目的 探讨经尿道肿瘤剜除术治疗黏膜下型膀胱平滑肌瘤的疗效及安全性。 方法 回顾性分析6例黏膜下型膀胱平滑肌瘤患者的临床资料。男2例,女4例。年龄32 ～ 78岁,平均59岁。表现为排尿梗阻3例,排尿刺激症状1例,肉眼血尿1例及无临床症状、体检发现1例。病程1周～4年,平均23个月。B超检查均发现膀胱内占位性病变,肿瘤平均最大直径3.0(2.0 ～3.5)cm。CT检查示肿瘤形态完整,增强后较均匀轻度强化。4例IVU检查发现膀胱充盈缺损。6例膀胱镜检查均提示膀胱黏膜下占位,黏膜表面光滑。6例均行膀胱镜下穿刺活检病理检查,诊断为膀胱平滑肌瘤,后行经尿道膀胱肿瘤剜除术（2例位于侧壁、体积较小肿瘤以激光剜除,4例体积较大肿瘤以电切镜剜除）。肿瘤基底部活检后,电灼肿瘤基底及创缘。 结果 6例手术均顺利完成,无膀胱穿孔等并发症。术后患者均排尿通畅,排尿刺激症状明显缓解,血尿消失。术后中位随访时间58(4～158)个月,未见肿瘤复发或转移。 结论 病理检查是确诊黏膜下型膀胱平滑肌瘤的主要手段。经尿道肿瘤剜除术治疗黏膜下型膀胱平滑肌瘤安全有效。     

血小板源性生长因子-D在膀胱癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的 观察血小板源性生长因子-D(PDGF-D)在膀胱移行细胞癌(BTCC)中的表达,探讨PDGF-D与膀胱移行细胞癌的发生发展之间的关系及其临床意义.方法 分别采用实时定量逆转录-聚合酶链反应(real-time RT-PCR)法和蛋白免疫印迹(Western blot)法检测62例膀胱移行细胞癌组织、10例癌旁正常膀胱组织中PDGF-D mRNA和蛋白的表达,并分析其与临床病理之间的关系.结果 PDGF-D mRNA在BTCC中的表达量是正常对照组的1.89倍,PDGF-D蛋白在癌组织中的表达明显高于正常膀胱组织(相对吸光度比值:正常组0.231±0.041,癌症组0.689±0.083,P＜0.05).而且随着肿瘤病理分级的升高及淋巴结转移的出现,PDGF-D mRNA和蛋白的表达水平均逐渐升高,各组问差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).但不同分期的癌组织中PDGF.D mRNA和蛋白的表达水平的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 PDGF-D表达增强与膀胱癌的发生及分化、转移密切相关,可能在膀胱癌的发生发展中发挥重要作用.     

壁间型膀胱平滑肌瘤十例患者诊治经验的初步探讨

目的通过对壁间型膀胱平滑肌瘤的诊疗进行回顾性分析,初步探讨其临床诊疗方式。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2019年1月于徐州医科大学附属医院泌尿外科行手术治疗壁间型膀胱平滑肌瘤10例患者资料。其中男性1例,女性9例,年龄33~51(44±6)岁。其中5例患者以膀胱刺激症状为主要临床表现,1例患者以下腹痛为主要表现,还有4例患者无明显临床症状,患者发病时间1周至2年,平均4.9个月。患者泌尿系彩超检查发现膀胱壁上形态规则、表面覆盖黏膜高回声的低回声包块。CTU检查为膀胱壁均质样实性肿块,边界清楚、光滑,无侵蚀表现,膀胱壁走形自然,且壁周脂肪间隙清晰,膀胱内可见充盈缺损。膀胱镜检查可见瘤体表面黏膜常完整连续,可见局部稍向膀胱内隆起。根据患者肿瘤部位、大小,10例患者分别采用经尿道平滑肌瘤剜除术和腹腔镜下平滑肌瘤剜除术,3例患者术中冰冻切片示:膀胱平滑肌瘤。结果10例患者中有临床症状者:其中5例以膀胱刺激症状为主诉的患者术后症状明显缓解,表现为下腹部疼痛症状的患者术后腹痛症状消失,所有患者术后均未发生并发症,术后随访4~24个月(平均16个月)均未见肿瘤复发且未诉漏尿等常见并发症。结论泌尿系彩超,CTU等影像学检查与膀胱镜相结合是诊断壁间型膀胱平滑肌瘤的主要手段,经尿道肿瘤剜除术、腹腔镜下肿瘤剜除术是治疗壁间型膀胱平滑肌瘤安全有效的手术方式且预后较好。     

Familial massive leiomyoma with esophageal leiomyomatosis: an unusual presentation in a father and his 2 daughters

Esophageal leiomyomatosis and leiomyoma are benign neoplastic lesions composed of proliferating smooth muscle cells. Although rare, these 2 conditions may occur simultaneously in an individual patient. Symptomatic patients often require surgical management. We describe the first reported cases of family members presenting with esophageal leiomyomatosis and concomitant massive esophageal leiomyoma.     

膀胱平滑肌瘤的诊断和治疗

目的 探讨膀胱平滑肌瘤的病因、诊治方法和预后。方法 回顾性分析1984年至2005年收治6例膀胱平滑肌瘤患者资料。患者男1例，女5例，平均年龄36岁。临床表现为排尿障碍4例、血尿1例、膀胱刺激症状1例。病程1～16个月。除1例血尿患者外，其余5例均非首诊。6例B超检查，首次发现病变3例。5例行CT检查，均发现肿块且有不同程度强化。6例膀胱镜检，发现肿瘤2例，提示占位病变3例。肿瘤直径1．5-5．0cm。6例均采用手术治疗。结果 6例患者术后排尿通畅，血尿消失，排尿刺激症状明显缓解。1例术后出现伤口漏尿，经保守治疗治愈，余未发生其他并发症。6例随访9个月～8年，未见肿瘤复发或转移。结论 膀胱平滑肌瘤是一种少见的良性肿瘤，临床症状不典型，排尿障碍和血尿是最常见的表现，诊断主要依靠B超、CT和膀胱镜检查，初诊时误诊率较高。外科手术治疗预后良好。     

线粒体促凋亡蛋白在膀胱移行细胞癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的 检测线粒体促凋亡蛋白(Smac)在膀胱移行上皮细胞癌(TCC)中的表达并探讨其临床意义.方法 逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)和免疫组织化学SP法分别在基因和蛋白水平检测Smac在15例正常膀胱黏膜和72例TCC中的表达.结果 Smac蛋白和mRNA在正常膀胱黏膜与分化Ⅰ级TCC中均有较强表达,两者差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),在TCC中的表达随分级的增加都显著性减少(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).浸润性TCC中Smac蛋白和mRNA的表达都低于表浅性TCC(P＜0.01).结论 Smac在正常膀胱黏膜强表达,而在TCC中低表达,且与TCC的分级分期密切相关,检测Smac可辅助临床TCC分级、分期的判断.