菏泽市2009～2010年甲型H1N1流感病毒监测分析

目的 了解菏泽市人群感染甲型H1N1流感病毒的情况.方法 采集哨点医院流感样病例、暴发疫情及重症病例的鼻、咽拭子标本,采用荧光定量PCR进行流感病毒核酸检测.结果 2009年9月～2010年6月,共检测493例标本,甲型H1N1流感病毒核酸阳性210例,检出率42.60％.确诊病例男女比例为1∶1.04,主要集中在5～29岁(80.48％);分布在8个县区;11月份和12月份确诊病例占确诊病例总数的71.91％.结论 菏泽市甲型H1N1流感确诊病例以学生和青壮年人群为主,2009年11月份和12月份是流行高峰.     

上海市某区甲型H1N1流行性感冒疫苗接种安全性监测

[目的]监测2009-2010年上海市长宁区甲型H1N1流行性感冒（甲流）疫苗接种的安全性。[方法]通过上海市预防接种异常反应（adverse events following immunization,AEFI）监测系统,以被动监测方式收集长宁区甲流疫苗接种人群截至2010年12月31日的AEFI个案信息,同时通过问卷和电话随访的主动监测方式收集其中4所中小学校师生的AEFI个案信息开展评价。[结果]上海市长宁区共接种甲流疫苗86934人,甲流疫苗AEFI被动监测报告发生率为53．04／10万,其中异常反应报告发生率为8．25／10万;4所中小学校接种甲流疫苗2092人,甲流疫苗AEFI主动监测报告发生率为8221．80／10万,主动监测的AEFI报告发生率明显高于被动监测。甲流疫苗AEFI报告对象的临床表现以发热、局部反应和主诉不适为主,异常反应以过敏性反应为主,无严重不良反应发生。[结论]甲流疫苗AEFI被动监测的漏报情况主要发生在一般反应,甲流疫苗的安全性与季节性流行性感冒疫苗相当。     

新型甲型H1N1流感流行期间大连市郊区流感病毒监测分析

目的:了解2009~2010年新型甲型H1N1流感大流行期间,大连市郊区流感病毒的流行情况。方法:对大连市外各区的流感样病人咽拭子标本采用Real-time RT-PCR方法进行流感病毒核酸检测。结果:2009年11月~12月郊区标本均为新型甲型H1N1流感病毒核酸阳性,2010年1月部分地区标本季节性流感病毒核酸阳性,2010年2月后各区标本均季节性流感病毒核酸阳性。结论:2010年1月为新型甲型H1N1流感病毒和季节性流感病毒交替期,之前流行株为新型甲型H1N1流感病毒,之后的流行株为季节性流感病毒。     

甲型H1N1流行性感冒病毒裂解疫苗的安全性监测

目的 评价甲型H1N1流行性感冒裂解疫苗(甲流疫苗)的安全性.方法 设立主动监测点,通过全国疑似预防接种异常反应(Adverse Events Following Immunization,AEFI)信息管理系统,收集邯郸市2009-10/2010-05接种甲流疫苗和主动监测点接种季节性流感疫苗后的AEFI个案信息,采用描述性方法对相关指标进行流行病学分析.结果 邯郸市常规报告接种甲流疫苗717 288人,发生AEFI 105例,AEFI发生率14.64/10万,以一般反应为主,占88.57％,症状主要为38.5℃以下的低热,无严重不良反应和接种事故发生.主动监测点接种甲流疫苗1 993人,发生AEFI 15例,AEFI发生率752.63/10万,全部为一般反应,以发热为主.主动监测点接种季节性流感疫苗1 969人,发生AEFI 4例,AEFI发生率203.14/10万,全部为一般反应,均为发热.结论 邯郸市监测点甲流疫苗接种后AEFI发生率高于季节性流感疫苗,反应类型以一般反应为主,且多为低热.甲流疫苗是安全的.     

北京市甲型H1N1流感病毒病原学监测分析

目的 分析北京市2009年5-12月甲型H1N1流感病毒检测结果,探讨流感大流行时期甲型H1N1流感病原流行病学特征.方法 2009年5月1日至2009年12月27日,共采集101 852份咽拭子样本,北京市传染病网络实验室利用荧光定量PCR方法检测,并做统计分析.结果 101 852份检测样本中,甲型H1N1流感病毒核酸阳性9843份,总阳性率为9.66%,其中5-6月阳性率为2.85%,7-8月阳性率为3.32%,9-10月阳性率为8.35%,11月阳性率为29.67%,12月阳性率为24.33%.可疑病例排查阳性率为8.40%,病例密切接触者阳性率为4.75%,门诊流感样病例(ILI)阳性率为11.46%,聚集性发热病例及其他病例阳性率为7.33%.年龄分布以5～14岁和15～24岁年龄段为主,男女性别构成比为1.5:1.结论 北京市2009年5-11月甲型H1N1流感病毒感染呈持续上升,12月呈下降趋势,具有一定的流行病学特征.     

甲型H1N1流行性感冒流行病学研究进展

2009年3月发生于墨西哥的甲型H1N1流行性感冒(下称流感)病毒传染性强,人群因对这个新型病毒缺乏免疫力而普遍易感,导致疾病在短时间内迅速蔓延而至全球大流行.该流感在初期被命名为“猪流感”,WHO为避免引起猪肉及其肉产品是不安全的误解,将原名“猪流感”重新命名为“甲型H1N1流感”.2009年6月11日-2010年8月10日全球大流行后,人们对该疾病的流行特征有所认识,但新型甲型H1N1流感并没有结束,局部暴发疫情仍有发生,病毒抗原逐渐发生变异.作者从甲型H1N1流感的病毒起源、病原学特征、流行概况、传染源、传播途径、易感人群、住院及危重症死亡特征等方面对该次流感暴发以来的相关研究结果进行了总结,为人们全面认识这次流感的发生发展、病原变异、流行特征提供参考,以便做好更大规模甲型H1N1流感流行的应对工作.     

2016 - 2019年包头市甲型H1N1流感病毒基因分析

目的 了解包头市流感病毒的变异情况,评估流行株在致病性、毒性、耐药性方面的改变,以研究结果为依据,为流感防控、指导抗流感药物的选用及筛选新的疫苗代表株提供依据。方法 按分离比例随机抽取2016 - 2019年甲型H1N1疫苗株进行基因测序分析。结果 包头市2016 - 2019的甲型H1N1分离株主要属于6B.1A分支,与疫苗株A/Brisbane/02/2018同源性较高。各年度病毒株与疫苗株A/Brisbane/02/2018的组间遗传距离分别为0.014,0.016,0.014和0.012。分离株抗原位点集中在 Sa 区的163 - 164位点发生变异。分离株2018 - 1139 - HA.seq发生了H275Y位点变异。结论 包头市2016 - 2018年度内甲型H1N1流感病毒分离株与A/Brisbane/02/2018亚型流感病毒同源性较高。相对A/Brisbane/02/2018疫苗株而言,本次分析的病毒基因并未发生抗原漂移现象,可以初步判定目前推荐的疫苗株对当前流行的甲型H1N1流感具有较好的保护效果。     

2009年洛阳市甲型H1N1流感监测资料分析

[目的]了解洛阳市甲型H1N1流感流行特征,为制定下一步的防控工作措施提供科学依据。[方法]对洛阳市2009年甲型H1N1流感监测系统数据进行描述性分析。[结果]2009年累计报告甲型H1N1流感病例200例,报告发病率为3.11/10万,其中重症病例12例,死亡2例。病例分布在全市14个县,城区发病率、农村发病率分别为2.02/10万和3.77/10万。200例中,8月占36.18%、9月占24.62%;学生占90.50%。流感哨点监测显示2009年流感流行呈混合型,在356株流感阳性标本中,甲型H1N1流感病毒核酸阳性165份(占46.35%),季节性H3流感44份(占12.36%),B型流感47份(占13.20%)。[结论]2009年洛阳市甲型H1N1流感病例以学生居多,农村高于城市,应强化各种监测系统的综合利用。     

从甲型H1N1流感病毒的流行论述人类病毒的起源

甲型H1N1流感在世界蔓延,给人民健康和经济发展带来了严重的影响。研究者在竭力控制疫情的同时,也开始了对病毒来源的追踪,这些危害人类的病毒究竞是从何产生？     

监测系统对甲型H1N1流感防控作用评价

目的：评价疾病监测系统在甲型H1N1流感防控中的作用,为完善防控策略提供依据。方法：收集传染病疫情报告系统、流感哨点监测系统和暴发现场调查数据,进行描述流行病学分析。结果：各种监测数据为甲型H1N1流感防控提供科学依据,防控措施有效,症状监测对于集体暴发的预警意义重大。结论：进一步完善和丰富监测体系,重视监测系统评估工作。     

天水市2005—2008年流行性感冒病毒类型和分布的监测分析

目的通过对天水市连续3年的流感病毒检验监测研究,了解天水市流感活动状况,掌握天水市流感流行株及其分布,为天水市乃至全国的流感防控提供科学依据。方法共采咽拭子样本1819份,标本接种MDCK细胞和鸡胚进行病毒分离,采用血凝（HA）和血凝抑制（HI）法进行毒株鉴定,分离到的流感病毒株一周内送国家流感中心实验室复核。结果分离到流感病毒247株,其中甲1型（H1N1）36株;甲3型（H3N2）75株;乙型（B）136株。结论天水市冬季、春季和夏季都有不同类型、不同强度的流感活动,冬季、春季流感高发,11月份至次年6月份可分离到病毒,1月份和3月份分离率最高,6月份和11月份病毒分离率最低,都存在甲1型（H1N1）、甲3型（H3N2）和乙型（B）流感活动,暴发疫情以乙型为主,流感病例主要为0～14岁病例,表明我市流感防控重点人群为0～14岁的儿童。     

狠抓培训 规范流程 做好甲型H1N1流感防控工作

本文对我院加强防控甲型H1N1流感知识工作进行了介绍。医院狠抓甲型H1N1流感防控培训工作,规范操作流程,组织了全员的理论和技能培训并进行了考核,使得防控工作落到实处,确保医院“三零一早”防控目标实现。     

医院工作人员佩戴口罩的调查分析

目的 了解甲型H1N1流感期间,医院工作人员在接触患者时口罩佩戴情况.方法 现场观察医务人员在接触患者时有无佩戴口罩、佩戴是否正确,并现场访谈了解原因.结果 有76.4%工作人员在接触患者时佩戴了口罩,而戴口罩人员中佩戴合格率为71.1%;不合格原因主要为鼻夹未捏紧、鼻夹捏成死角、佩戴双层口罩等,不佩戴口罩和佩戴不合格的原因中,68.9%的医师、25.9%的护士认为戴不戴口罩无所谓,卫生员感觉憋气占38.4%,39.2%的护工不了解.结论 根据人员的特点有针对性地加强医院工作人员医院感染防护知识的培训,以减少医院感染的发生.     

甲型H1N1流行性感冒病毒血凝素蛋白基因进化研究

Objective To determine the evolutionary rate and divergence time of influenza A virus HA gene isolated recently worldwide pandemic and explore the origin and its transmission. Methods A total of 344 HI sequences available in the GenBank (including 248 isolated from human, 84 from swine, 11 from avian, and 1 from ferret) and 7 isolated in Shanghai were collected. The nucleotide substitution rate and time to most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) was calculated using molecular clock theory and Bayesian Skyline Plot (BSP) based on Markov chain Monte Carlo. Then genetic phylogeny was constructed referring to posterior distribution. Results It was found that H1 sequences in the US from human, swine and avian were clustered significantly with swine H1 ones from Asia phylogenetieally (Cluster US). The second cluster (Cluster Eurasian Human) nearly consisted of human H1 sequences isolated in other regions. The third cluster (Cluster Eurasian Animal) consisted of swine and avian H1 sequences from China and Italy respectively. As for all the H1 sequences, the evolutionary rate was of 2.57×10-3substitutions/site per year averagely (95% Highest Posterior Density: 1.96×10-3-3.03×10-3/site per year). The estimated dates for tMRCA of human H1 in Europe and swine H1 in the mainland of China were the earliest, with the corresponding rates of 6.46×10-3/site per year and 0.97×10-3/site per year respectively. The tMRCAs of human and swine H1 sequences from the US were similar, with the rates of 5.86×10-3/site per year and 5.02×10-3/site per year. Conclusion The present flu outbreak was possibly induced by long-term circulation of influenza A virus (H1 N1) in human population and swine herds in America. There was no evidence proving that influenza virus in China involved in the present outbreak.     

甲型H1N1流行性感冒病毒血凝素蛋白基因进化研究

Objective To determine the evolutionary rate and divergence time of influenza A virus HA gene isolated recently worldwide pandemic and explore the origin and its transmission. Methods A total of 344 HI sequences available in the GenBank (including 248 isolated from human, 84 from swine, 11 from avian, and 1 from ferret) and 7 isolated in Shanghai were collected. The nucleotide substitution rate and time to most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) was calculated using molecular clock theory and Bayesian Skyline Plot (BSP) based on Markov chain Monte Carlo. Then genetic phylogeny was constructed referring to posterior distribution. Results It was found that H1 sequences in the US from human, swine and avian were clustered significantly with swine H1 ones from Asia phylogenetieally (Cluster US). The second cluster (Cluster Eurasian Human) nearly consisted of human H1 sequences isolated in other regions. The third cluster (Cluster Eurasian Animal) consisted of swine and avian H1 sequences from China and Italy respectively. As for all the H1 sequences, the evolutionary rate was of 2.57×10-3substitutions/site per year averagely (95% Highest Posterior Density: 1.96×10-3-3.03×10-3/site per year). The estimated dates for tMRCA of human H1 in Europe and swine H1 in the mainland of China were the earliest, with the corresponding rates of 6.46×10-3/site per year and 0.97×10-3/site per year respectively. The tMRCAs of human and swine H1 sequences from the US were similar, with the rates of 5.86×10-3/site per year and 5.02×10-3/site per year. Conclusion The present flu outbreak was possibly induced by long-term circulation of influenza A virus (H1 N1) in human population and swine herds in America. There was no evidence proving that influenza virus in China involved in the present outbreak.     

甲型H1N1流行性感冒病毒血凝素蛋白基因进化研究

Objective To determine the evolutionary rate and divergence time of influenza A virus HA gene isolated recently worldwide pandemic and explore the origin and its transmission. Methods A total of 344 HI sequences available in the GenBank (including 248 isolated from human, 84 from swine, 11 from avian, and 1 from ferret) and 7 isolated in Shanghai were collected. The nucleotide substitution rate and time to most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) was calculated using molecular clock theory and Bayesian Skyline Plot (BSP) based on Markov chain Monte Carlo. Then genetic phylogeny was constructed referring to posterior distribution. Results It was found that H1 sequences in the US from human, swine and avian were clustered significantly with swine H1 ones from Asia phylogenetieally (Cluster US). The second cluster (Cluster Eurasian Human) nearly consisted of human H1 sequences isolated in other regions. The third cluster (Cluster Eurasian Animal) consisted of swine and avian H1 sequences from China and Italy respectively. As for all the H1 sequences, the evolutionary rate was of 2.57×10-3substitutions/site per year averagely (95% Highest Posterior Density: 1.96×10-3-3.03×10-3/site per year). The estimated dates for tMRCA of human H1 in Europe and swine H1 in the mainland of China were the earliest, with the corresponding rates of 6.46×10-3/site per year and 0.97×10-3/site per year respectively. The tMRCAs of human and swine H1 sequences from the US were similar, with the rates of 5.86×10-3/site per year and 5.02×10-3/site per year. Conclusion The present flu outbreak was possibly induced by long-term circulation of influenza A virus (H1 N1) in human population and swine herds in America. There was no evidence proving that influenza virus in China involved in the present outbreak.     

甲型H1N1流行性感冒病毒血凝素蛋白基因进化研究

Objective To determine the evolutionary rate and divergence time of influenza A virus HA gene isolated recently worldwide pandemic and explore the origin and its transmission. Methods A total of 344 HI sequences available in the GenBank (including 248 isolated from human, 84 from swine, 11 from avian, and 1 from ferret) and 7 isolated in Shanghai were collected. The nucleotide substitution rate and time to most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) was calculated using molecular clock theory and Bayesian Skyline Plot (BSP) based on Markov chain Monte Carlo. Then genetic phylogeny was constructed referring to posterior distribution. Results It was found that H1 sequences in the US from human, swine and avian were clustered significantly with swine H1 ones from Asia phylogenetieally (Cluster US). The second cluster (Cluster Eurasian Human) nearly consisted of human H1 sequences isolated in other regions. The third cluster (Cluster Eurasian Animal) consisted of swine and avian H1 sequences from China and Italy respectively. As for all the H1 sequences, the evolutionary rate was of 2.57×10-3substitutions/site per year averagely (95% Highest Posterior Density: 1.96×10-3-3.03×10-3/site per year). The estimated dates for tMRCA of human H1 in Europe and swine H1 in the mainland of China were the earliest, with the corresponding rates of 6.46×10-3/site per year and 0.97×10-3/site per year respectively. The tMRCAs of human and swine H1 sequences from the US were similar, with the rates of 5.86×10-3/site per year and 5.02×10-3/site per year. Conclusion The present flu outbreak was possibly induced by long-term circulation of influenza A virus (H1 N1) in human population and swine herds in America. There was no evidence proving that influenza virus in China involved in the present outbreak.     

甲型H1N1流行性感冒病毒血凝素蛋白基因进化研究

Objective To determine the evolutionary rate and divergence time of influenza A virus HA gene isolated recently worldwide pandemic and explore the origin and its transmission. Methods A total of 344 HI sequences available in the GenBank (including 248 isolated from human, 84 from swine, 11 from avian, and 1 from ferret) and 7 isolated in Shanghai were collected. The nucleotide substitution rate and time to most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) was calculated using molecular clock theory and Bayesian Skyline Plot (BSP) based on Markov chain Monte Carlo. Then genetic phylogeny was constructed referring to posterior distribution. Results It was found that H1 sequences in the US from human, swine and avian were clustered significantly with swine H1 ones from Asia phylogenetieally (Cluster US). The second cluster (Cluster Eurasian Human) nearly consisted of human H1 sequences isolated in other regions. The third cluster (Cluster Eurasian Animal) consisted of swine and avian H1 sequences from China and Italy respectively. As for all the H1 sequences, the evolutionary rate was of 2.57×10-3substitutions/site per year averagely (95% Highest Posterior Density: 1.96×10-3-3.03×10-3/site per year). The estimated dates for tMRCA of human H1 in Europe and swine H1 in the mainland of China were the earliest, with the corresponding rates of 6.46×10-3/site per year and 0.97×10-3/site per year respectively. The tMRCAs of human and swine H1 sequences from the US were similar, with the rates of 5.86×10-3/site per year and 5.02×10-3/site per year. Conclusion The present flu outbreak was possibly induced by long-term circulation of influenza A virus (H1 N1) in human population and swine herds in America. There was no evidence proving that influenza virus in China involved in the present outbreak.     

甲型H1N1流行性感冒病毒血凝素蛋白基因进化研究

Objective To determine the evolutionary rate and divergence time of influenza A virus HA gene isolated recently worldwide pandemic and explore the origin and its transmission. Methods A total of 344 HI sequences available in the GenBank (including 248 isolated from human, 84 from swine, 11 from avian, and 1 from ferret) and 7 isolated in Shanghai were collected. The nucleotide substitution rate and time to most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) was calculated using molecular clock theory and Bayesian Skyline Plot (BSP) based on Markov chain Monte Carlo. Then genetic phylogeny was constructed referring to posterior distribution. Results It was found that H1 sequences in the US from human, swine and avian were clustered significantly with swine H1 ones from Asia phylogenetieally (Cluster US). The second cluster (Cluster Eurasian Human) nearly consisted of human H1 sequences isolated in other regions. The third cluster (Cluster Eurasian Animal) consisted of swine and avian H1 sequences from China and Italy respectively. As for all the H1 sequences, the evolutionary rate was of 2.57×10-3substitutions/site per year averagely (95% Highest Posterior Density: 1.96×10-3-3.03×10-3/site per year). The estimated dates for tMRCA of human H1 in Europe and swine H1 in the mainland of China were the earliest, with the corresponding rates of 6.46×10-3/site per year and 0.97×10-3/site per year respectively. The tMRCAs of human and swine H1 sequences from the US were similar, with the rates of 5.86×10-3/site per year and 5.02×10-3/site per year. Conclusion The present flu outbreak was possibly induced by long-term circulation of influenza A virus (H1 N1) in human population and swine herds in America. There was no evidence proving that influenza virus in China involved in the present outbreak.     

甲型H1N1流行性感冒病毒血凝素蛋白基因进化研究

Objective To determine the evolutionary rate and divergence time of influenza A virus HA gene isolated recently worldwide pandemic and explore the origin and its transmission. Methods A total of 344 HI sequences available in the GenBank (including 248 isolated from human, 84 from swine, 11 from avian, and 1 from ferret) and 7 isolated in Shanghai were collected. The nucleotide substitution rate and time to most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) was calculated using molecular clock theory and Bayesian Skyline Plot (BSP) based on Markov chain Monte Carlo. Then genetic phylogeny was constructed referring to posterior distribution. Results It was found that H1 sequences in the US from human, swine and avian were clustered significantly with swine H1 ones from Asia phylogenetieally (Cluster US). The second cluster (Cluster Eurasian Human) nearly consisted of human H1 sequences isolated in other regions. The third cluster (Cluster Eurasian Animal) consisted of swine and avian H1 sequences from China and Italy respectively. As for all the H1 sequences, the evolutionary rate was of 2.57×10-3substitutions/site per year averagely (95% Highest Posterior Density: 1.96×10-3-3.03×10-3/site per year). The estimated dates for tMRCA of human H1 in Europe and swine H1 in the mainland of China were the earliest, with the corresponding rates of 6.46×10-3/site per year and 0.97×10-3/site per year respectively. The tMRCAs of human and swine H1 sequences from the US were similar, with the rates of 5.86×10-3/site per year and 5.02×10-3/site per year. Conclusion The present flu outbreak was possibly induced by long-term circulation of influenza A virus (H1 N1) in human population and swine herds in America. There was no evidence proving that influenza virus in China involved in the present outbreak.