警惕美容美发产品添加禁限用物质

为保障公众健康，严厉打击化妆品生产经营中违法使用禁限用物质行为，国家食品药品监督管理总局对宣称美白／祛斑类和染发类化妆品开展化妆品监督抽检工作。共监督抽检产品505批，不合格产品6批，其中4批产品检出禁用物质，2批产品检出限用物质超标。     

市售美白祛斑类化妆品汞含量检测分析

汞俗称水银,世界卫生组织将汞排在有毒有害金属的第四位。在化妆品中添加汞可起到祛斑及美白作用,我国化妆品卫生标准(GB7916-87)规定了化妆品中汞的最大允许含量不得超过1mg/kg。为了更好的开展化妆品卫生监督和监测,有利于化妆品卫生标准的贯彻执行,本文重点对贵阳市售美白祛斑特殊用途化妆品中汞含量进行抽样检测。     

美白祛斑类化妆品现状分析及监管对策

目的对美白祛斑类化妆品的市场现状、消费现状、监管现状进行分析,发现存在的问题,提出相应的应对措施,以致提供更好的规范化妆品企业,引导其健康地发展。方法通过对北京市食品药品监督管理局延庆分局辖区内的化妆品市场现状、消费现状、监管现状,针对美白及祛斑类产品进行了调查分析。结果发现美白祛斑类化妆品市场、消费、监管三大方面均存在一些问题。结论针对发现的问题提出相应的监管思路与对策。     

鸡胚绒毛膜尿囊膜血管试验法用于评价化妆品眼刺激性的可行性研究

目的 研究鸡胚绒毛膜尿囊膜血管试验法（chorioallantoic membrane vascular assay,CAMVA）评价化妆品眼刺激性的可行性,并用改良后的方法对14种市售化妆品进行眼刺激性的评价。方法 通过控制样品的浓度、与鸡胚绒毛膜尿囊膜的接触时间,以及对评价体系的改良,尝试建立一套标准的CAMVA法评价化妆品眼刺激性的方法。结果 护肤类产品无刺激性,用后冲洗类、染发类产品的浓度、与鸡胚绒毛膜尿囊膜的接触时间均与刺激性大小成正比。在3%的浓度下,用后冲洗类产品的最佳接触时间为20 min,体内外试验结果一致性为90%（9/10）;染发类产品为5 min,体内外试验结果一致性为100%（2/2）。结合改良后的评价体系可做到刺激性分级,体内外试验结果一致性为用后冲洗类产品80%（8/10）,染发类产品50%（1/2）。结论 用CAMVA法可以对化妆品的眼刺激性进行评价,但实验条件和判定标准还需进一步优化。     

保健食品与化妆品祛斑作用的对比与分析

目的 阐述保健食品与化妆品祛斑作用的对比与分析,为法规修订提供参考意见,同时以增强消费者对产品使用的安全意识.方法 运用对比和列举的方式,对声称具有祛斑作用的保健食品、化妆品的现状进行分析,包括当前比较关注的热点问题.通过本课题的研究论述,验证常用声称具有祛黄褐斑作用的保健食品成分是否真正具有此类作用,进而为法规修订提供参考意见;化妆品方面,本课题从作用机理出发,将可能起到祛斑作用的化妆品成分按照化学性质进行共性探讨,同时阐述法规禁用的成分和容易引起消费误区的情况,增强消费者对产品使用安全意识.结果与结论 保健食品与美白祛斑类产品均对黄褐斑有祛斑效果,但作用机理不同,因此二者对祛斑的作用不能混淆.     

化妆品添加抗菌药物？违法！

为保障公众健康，切实提高化妆品质量安全保障水平，国家食品药品监督管理总局近期组织对宣称祛痘/抗粉刺和美白/祛斑类化妆品进行国家监督抽检，其中6批产品检出禁用物质。禁用物质是指不能作为化妆品生产原料即组分添加到化妆品中的物质。如果技术上无法避免禁用物质作为杂质带入化妆品时，则化妆品成品必须符合《化妆品卫生标准》和《化妆品卫生规范》对化妆品的一般要求，即在正常及合理的、可预见的使用条件下，不得对人体健康产生危害。     

查处6种假冒伪劣化妆品

近期,国家食品药品监督管理总局组织对宣称祛痘／抗粉刺和美白／祛斑类化妆品进行监督抽检。标示为“二月白神奇粉刺露”等6批产品检出禁用物质,其中2批产品同时检出限用物质超标。     

维生素B12注射液抽验质量评价与分析

目的：评价维生素B12注射液的质量情况。方法：按照国家评价性抽验计划总体要求,采用法定检验方法,结合探索性研究,对来自28个厂家的183批次样品进行检验,统计分析检验结果,并对其质量现状进行评价。结果：法定检验显示维生素B12注射液合格率100.0％;探索性研究显示部分产品有关物质含量偏高,并有一批次产品含量测定不合格;拟定了细菌内毒素限量;建立拉曼光谱定性分析模型,可对液体注射剂进行无损、快速鉴别。结论：按执行标准检验,合格率较好,但存在与规定有关物质检测及细菌内毒素限度等问题。建议改进现行质量标准,进一步加强对维生素B12注射液的监管。     

国家食品药品监督管理总局通报国家化妆品监督抽检结果

为保障公众健康,切实提高化妆品质量安全保障水平,国家食品药品监督管理总局近期组织对宣称祛痘/抗粉刺和美白/祛斑类化妆品进行国家监督抽检。标示为"契尔氏雪盐止痘祛印膏"等6批产品检出禁用物质。化妆品非法添加禁限用物质,特别是非法添加抗生素,不仅危害消费者健康,而且会引起细菌耐药,导致严重的社会问题,是严重的违法行为。无证生产化妆品更是法律所不容,必须依法严厉打击。化妆品生产企业必须严格依法生产经营。     

美白、祛斑类化妆品监督管理探析

目的 探索充分发挥监督管理职能,切实加强化妆品监督管理的方法.方法 统一方法和标准,随机抽取所查单位经营或使用的美白类和祛斑类化妆品,检查产品标识说明书.结果和结论 我国美白类和祛斑类化妆品主要存在界限不清,标识超范围宣传、夸大宣传、无特殊用途化妆品批准文号、成分标识不全等问题,究其原因,主要有:化妆品分类方法滞后;监管法规滞后;监管手段落后;化妆品生产经营者法律意识薄弱;监管力量严重不足等,建议统一归类方便管理;完善化妆品法律法规;增强企业自律意识;强化生产企业监管;提升监管人员素质;提高公众防范意识.     

阿普唑仑在神经精神科的临床应用

阿普唑仑治疗抑郁症总有效率为90%～100%;治疗焦虑症总有效率为96.4%～100%;治疗癫痫总有效率为83.3%;治疗神经衰弱失眠总有效率为97～100%;毒副反应较轻,安全系数大。     

The role of GSH efflux in staurosporine-induced apoptosis in colonic epithelial cells

Staurosporine (STP) was shown to induce cell apoptosis through formation of reactive oxygen species, but a role for cellular redox has not been defined. In this study, we report that STP (2 microM) caused apoptosis (24+/-3% at 24 h) of human colon adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line HT29 that was preceded by significant glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) efflux (6 h), but independent of changes in cellular glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) redox status. The blockade of GSH efflux by gamma-glutamyl glutamate (gamma-GG) or ophthalmic acid was associated with apoptosis attenuation; however, gamma-GG administration after peak GSH efflux (8 h) did not confer cytoprotection. Moreover, lowering cellular GSH through inhibition of its synthesis prevented extracellular GSH accumulation and cell apoptosis, thus validating a link between cellular GSH export and the trigger of cell apoptosis. Inhibition of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT1, EC 2.3.2.2)-catalyzed extracellular GSH degradation with acivicin significantly blocked GSH efflux, suggesting that GSH breakdown is a driving force for GSH export. Interestingly, acivicin treatment enhanced extracellular GSSG accumulation, consistent with GSH oxidation. STP-induced HT29 cell apoptosis was associated with caspase-3 activation independent of caspase-8 or caspase-9 activity; accordingly, inhibitors of the latter caspases were without effect on STP-induced apoptosis. STP similarly induced GSH efflux and apoptosis in a non-malignant human NCM460 colonic cell line in association with caspase-3 activation. Collectively, our results demonstrate that STP induction of apoptosis in malignant and non-malignant colonic cells is temporally linked to the export of cellular GSH and the activation of caspase-3 without caspase-8 or -9 involvement.     

放射肿瘤医学科技发展和展望

放射肿瘤医学是由放射肿瘤诊断和放射肿瘤治疗两个实体组成。放射诊断设备从普通的X线诊断机过渡到现今的CT、DSA、MRI和PET等影像技术,改变了医学影像的思维模式,为数字化医院的实现奠定了坚实的基础。而60CO治疗机、直线加速器、后装机、伽玛刀和体层放疗仪等设备的不断完善,为恶性肿瘤提供了最佳的治疗手段,两者的结合是发展现代肿瘤医学强有力的支柱。     

Changes in urinary monoamine excretion in hyperkinetic children

The pathogenetic mechanisms of hyperkinetic syndrome are not clear and need further investigation. The aim of the study was to find certain features of monoamine metabolism that are characteristic of children with hyperkinetic syndrome (HKS) with special regard to different degrees of severity (i.e. mild HKS and severe HKS ). The levels of L-dopa, dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, homovanillic, vanillylmandelic and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acids were measured in daily urine of children (7-11 years old) with mild and severe HKS using fluorimetric and chromatographic methods. Severe HKS was characterized by a significant increase of L-dopa (by 186%), dopamine (by 201%) and adrenaline (by 160%) excretion but an unchanged excretion of noradrenaline compared with those with mild HKS. The study revealed principle differences in monoamine metabolism between the mild and severe forms of HKS which may be of importance in deciding different pharmacotherapeutic approaches to use in patients with HKS of differing severity.     

Decreased potency of CNS depressants after prolonged social isolation in mice

Summary The duration of hypnosis induced by hexobarbital, pentobarbital, chloral hydrate or barbital was markedly reduced after prolonged social isolation of male mice. Hexobarbital and pentobarbital were affected more than chloral hydrate and barbital. The onset of barbital hypnosis was not affected. The in vitro metabolism of hexobarbital by hepatic microsomal enzymes was enhanced in isolated mice with an overall increase in liver weight. Mice deprived of social interaction gained righting reflex at a higher body level of hexobarbital as compared to the undeprived animals. These data show that chronic deprivation of social stimuli in mice increased the drug-metabolizing activity of hepatic microsomes and raised arousal levels such that CNS susceptibility to drugs was altered.This investigation was supported by PHS Training Grant No. 1T01ES 00104 from the Division of Environmental Health Sciences.     

Blockade of hoarding in rats by diazepam: an analysis of the anxiety and object value hypotheses of hoarding

The security hypothesis suggests food hoarding by rats serves to preempt attack and therefore might be motivated by anxiety. The object value hypothesis suggests rats hoard objects that they perceive as valuable as related to some state or need. These hypotheses were evaluated with the anxiolytic drug diazepam, which is purported to both decrease anxiety and increase motivation to eat, and which accordingly either may decrease or increase hoarding. Using a new hoarding paradigm, diazepam (Valium: 0.25–5 mg/kg), was found to produce a dose-related reduction in hoarding that was dependent upon food pellet size and that was reversed by flumazenil (Ro 15-1788), a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Diazepam also slowed eating speed, blocked dodging, a movement used to initiate hoarding, and impaired spatial navigation in a learning-set swimming pool task. The results fail to support the object value hypothesis of hoarding. Since perception of food size, motivation, motor ability and spatial abilities all probably contribute to successful food hoarding, the results provide several explanations other than, or in addition to, anxiety reduction for the drug's effects on hoarding. Nevertheless, the study provides a number of new sensitive measures of the effects of anxiolytic drugs and new insights into their behavioral effects.     

葛根芩连煎剂中小檗碱在犬体内药动学研究

目的:测定葛根芩连煎剂与黄连单煎剂犬血中小檗碱的含量,分析配伍后(全方)对小檗碱体内过程的影响。方法:采用高效液相色谱法,测定不同时间点犬血浆中小檗碱的含量,WinNonlin软件计算药动学参数。结果:葛根芩连煎剂及黄连单煎剂中小檗碱在犬体内药-时曲线均符合一室模型,主要药动学参数AUC(0-∞)(1·25±0·06)、(14·71±0·54)(μg·h)/ml,tmax(1·92±0·31)、(3·03±0·07)h,Cmax(0·17±0·01)、(1·79±0·03)μg/ml。结论:葛根芩连煎剂配伍后与单方比较小檗碱入血浓度及生物利用度都降低。     

西藏麻风病防治三十年

西藏麻风疫史久远。据史料记载，藏王松赞干布（公元617—650）以前，西藏便有“龙疫”（藏语“龙耐”）之说即指麻风。相传藏王仲年德如（公元400年左右）、曲松达增及皇后均曾患有麻风病。可见麻风病在西藏流行有1400多年了。解放前，在封建农奴制度社会里，没有麻风防治机构