Vertical Transmission of Schistosoma Japonicum in the Rabbit

Human schistosomiasis japonica has long beenrecognized as a major public health concern inAsian countries including China,with millions ofpeople affected[1] . The disease is caused by thezoonotic blood fluke,S.japonicum.More than40mammals,including the rabbit,act as naturaldefinitive hosts[2 ] .Although the major route of in-fection with S.japonicum is through skin contactwith infested water,verticaltransmission,i.e.theprocess of transplacental passage ofschistosomulaefrom the infected mothe…     

Vertical Transmission 0f Schistosoma Japonicum in the Rabbit

Summary: The aim of the present study was to confirm observations on the vertical transmissionof Schistosoma japonicum in the rabbit. S. japonicum-infected pregnant rabbits were used in thisstudy. Perfusion of mother rabbits was done 9 weeks after infection in order to obtain worm bur-dens in relation to their initial cercarial dose. Anti-schistosoma specific IgM antibodies in serumsamples collected from rabbit kittens were detected by ELISA. Our results showed that gestationperiod lasted the normal 29-31 days. All the exposed mother rabbits became infected with S.japonicum. Positive IgM antibody OD values were detected in 12 out of the 60 kittens examined(20.0 %). In group C and A, 40. 0 % and 17.9 % of the kitten were congenitally infected, re-spectively. 18. i % of the kittens born to mothers infected with a single dose of 200 cercariae perrabbit were positives; this is not significantly different from that obtained for the 600 dose group(22.2 %). Three randomly selected IgM+ kittens harbored between one and two adult worms.The livers of these kittens displayed granulomatous lesions. It is concluded that congenital S.japonicum infection does occur in the rabbit and is affected by the mother stage of pregnancy andto a lesser extent by its infection load.     

Congenital infection of rabbits with Schistosoma japonicum and protective immunity of offspring

Background Recently congenital infection with Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) has been domonstrated in pigs, rabbits, mice and dogs. We explored the rabbit as an animal model for the congenital infection of schistosomiasis japonica and assessed the effect of a congenital S. japonicum infection on the resistance of rabbit kittens to a postnatal challenge infection.Methods Sixteen pregnant New Zealand white rabbits were infected with a single dose of S. japonicum cercariae. The exposed animals were divided into three groups according to the gestation age at the time of infection. Diagnosis of prenatally acquired S. japonicum infection in the rabbit kittens was primarily based on serological tests in combination with parasitological and histopathological findings. Congenitally infected kittens were challenged percutaneously with 100 S. japonicum cercariae to assess the effect of a congenital S. japonicum infection on kitten resistance to a postnatal challenge infection.Results The overall prevalence of congenital infection in offspring of infected mothers was 20% (12/60). The congenital infection rate in group L (late gestation) was much higher than in group E (early gestation) and group M (mid-gestation) (P<0.05). After a postnatal challenge infection, prenatally infected kittens had a 54.66% worm reduction rate, 41.45% egg reduction rate, and 51.76% granuloma size reduction rate compared to nave kittens.Conclusions This study demonstrates the possibility of congenital infection of S. japonicum in rabbits and the resistance of congenitally infected kittens to a postnatal challenge infection. These results have important implications not only for epidemiological investigations, but also in designing government control programs for schistosomiasis.     

Vertical Transmission of Schistosoma Jkaponicum in the Rabbit

The aim of the present study was to confirm observations on the vertical transmission of Schistosoma japonicum in the rabbit.S.japonicum-infected pregnant rabbits were used in this study.Perfusion of mother rabbits was done 9 weeks after infection in order to obtain worm burdens in relation to their initial cercarial dose.Anti-schistosoma specific IgM antibodies in serum samples collected from rabbit kittens were detected by ELISA.Our results showed that gestation period lasted the normal 29-31 days.All the exposed mother rabbits became infected with S.japonicum.Positive IgM antibody OD values were detected in 12 out of the 60 kittens examined (20.0%).In group C and A,40.0% and 17.9% of the kitten were congenitally infected,respectively.18.1% of the kittens born to mothers infected with a single dose of 200 cercariae perrabbit were positives;this is not significantly different from that obtained for the 600 dose group (22.2%).Three randomly selected IgM^ kittens harbored between one and two adult worms.The livers of these kittens displayed granulomatous lesions.It is concluded that congenital S.japonicum infection does occur in the rabbit and is affected by the mother stage of pregnancy and to a lesser extent by its infection load.     

日本血吸虫主要虫卵抗原Sjp40在感染新西兰白兔肝脏中的表达与免疫定位

目的观察Sjp40在感染新西兰白兔肝脏沉积虫卵及其肉芽肿病变形成中的表达情况,并进行免疫定位。方法日本血吸
虫尾蚴感染新西兰白兔,收集未感染组、29 dpi组和45 dpi组肝脏,Trizol法提取各组肝脏总RNA,以日本血吸虫甘油醛-3-磷酸
脱氢酶（GAPDH）为内参,Taqman探针qRT-PCR检测Sjp40 mRNA的表达;提取各组肝脏总蛋白,以硫酸铵盐析法和Protein G
免疫亲和柱层析法纯化的抗Sjp40-McAb 9G7和抗弓形虫tSAG1-McAb Y3A8（对照抗体）,western blot检测Sjp40蛋白的表达;
制备肝脏石蜡切片,HE染色观察肝脏虫卵肉芽肿的形成与发展,进一步以免疫荧光技术进行Sjp40在肝脏沉积虫卵及其肉芽肿
组织中的定位。结果日本血吸虫感染兔呈急性肝肉芽肿病变期的45 dpi肝脏沉积虫卵中Sjp40 mRNA水平显著高于29 dpi 尚
未形成虫卵肉芽肿结节的肝脏沉积的未成熟虫卵（P<0.05）,westernb blot 证实了Sjp40 蛋白在29 dpi 和45 dpi 兔肝脏中的表
达。免疫荧光显示：Sjp40在29 dpi兔肝脏中定位于未成熟虫卵内,而45 dpi可见感染兔肝脏中沉积大量成簇内含毛蚴的成熟虫
卵及其周围肉芽肿组织均有明显荧光。结论Sjp40在日本血吸虫感染兔肝脏沉积虫卵中的转录水平随虫卵发育成熟而显著增
加,在感染兔急性肉芽肿病变期（45dpi）呈现由虫卵向其周围肉芽肿组织扩散现象,提示该分子在血吸虫肉芽肿形成与发展过
程中具有重要作用。
     

用ELISA考核吡喹酮治疗家兔血吸虫病疗效的实验研究

以吡喹酮治疗实验性日本血吸虫病家兔,观察治后一年内ELISA 所测得的血清抗体水平的变化,以验证其是否可作为考核疗效的方法。结果表明:凡试验结束时解剖检虫阴性的病兔,ELISA 皆于治后8～12月内阴转,仅有雄虫 1条的病兔,亦于同期内阴转;凡检出雌雄成虫的病兔,ELISA 呈持续阳性。     

PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON SHARED ANTIGENS AMONG CERCARIA,ADULT WORM AND EGG OF SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM

The pooled sera of inbred C57BL/6 mice in- fected with Schistosoma japonicum, the antisera against gut-associated antigen (GAA) from artificially immunized rabbits (RAGAA20) and the antisera against soluble egg antigen (RASEA) purified by im- munoaffinity chromatography were tested with cer caria-stuck-slides, adult worm sections and liver-egg sections by immunohistochemical studies with peroxi- dase-linked protein A (PPA method). In mice anti body against eggs was detected before oviposition. Eggs containing late developmental stage of embryo started to secrete SEA 37 days after infection when the titer of the antibody against eggs reached l:256. GAA20 and SEA were proved to be at the same location within mature eggs, and RAGAA20 0nly reacted with eggs exuding SEA. RASEA reacted strongly with the membrane of cercaria. The results showed that S japonicum SEA shared its antigens with GAA and membrane-asso. ciated antigens (MAA). GAA might play a role of prcsensitizing in egg granuloma formation.     

日本血吸虫不同发育阶段与旋毛虫抗原交叉性的研究

运用ＥＩＴＢ技术分析日本血吸虫（Ｓｊ）尾蚴、肝期童虫及雌雄成虫与旋毛虫（Ｔｓ）肌蚴抗原的交叉性。结果显示：Ｓｊ尾蚴、肝期童虫、成虫各阶段不同程度地被抗－ＴｓＳＡＲＳ，ＴｓＩＲＳ识别，其识别的抗原分子量在１５￣１００（尤５０￣７０）ｋＤ之间，两种抗血清识别的带型基本相同。所识别的各期Ｓｊ抗原中以尾蚴抗原最多，次为肝期童虫。３０天成虫仅雌虫抗原与上述两种抗血清在９７ｋＤ处显出一条弱带。抗－Ｓｊ♂ＡＲＳ     

一氧化氮与血吸虫病肝损伤发病机制的关系研究

为了研究一氧化氮在血吸虫病肝损伤发病中的作用，采用Ｓ－Ｐ免疫组织化学法，观察家兔（ｎ＝４０）经皮肤感染血吸虫尾蚴后８、１２、１６、２０、２４周家兔肝诱导型一氧化氮合成酶（ｉＮＯＳ）和巨噬细胞（ＣＤ６８）的免疫组织化学表达与定位。结果显示，血吸虫病家兔肝的虫卵肉芽周围、门静脉分支管壁、肝窦壁、中央静脉壁有ｉＮＯＳ和ＣＤ６８阳性免疫反应物，肝细胞内有ｉＮＯＳ阳性免疫反应物。正常家兔肝脏ｉＮＯＳ和ＣＤ６８免疫组织化学染色均为阴性。认为一氧化氮在血吸虫肉芽形成及肝脏微循环障碍中具有重要作用     

日本血吸虫感染家兔排卵数与抗体间的关系

兔１６只，各感染血吸虫尾蚴１００条。感染后（ｐｉ）８周内每隔２周，８周后每隔４周作粪ＥＰＧ及抗ＳＥＡ水平检测。于ｎｉ１２周及３２周各剖杀一半动物，检查成虫数及肝卵、肠卵和粪卵数。结果：抗ＳＥＡ水平与粪ＥＰＧ呈正相关；粪ＥＰＧ于ｐｉ３２周时较ｐｉ１２周显著降低，但总虫荷和雌虫数在此二时点间差异无显著性。     

日本血吸虫成虫67kD蛋白的分离与鉴定

目的 :分离日本血吸虫感染及免疫血清识别的成虫抗原 (AWA)中的特异蛋白带 ,为血吸虫病免疫诊断提供新的抗原分子。方法 :免疫印迹法分析AWA的特异蛋白带 ,电泳层析法分离靶抗原。结果 :获得了感染血清和免疫血清识别的 6 7kD蛋白。结论 :电泳层析法是一种分离血吸虫抗原的有效方法     

日本血吸虫成虫67kD蛋白的分离与鉴定

目的：分离日本血吸虫感染及免疫血清识别的成虫抗原（AWA）中的特异蛋白带，为血吸虫病免疫诊断提供新的抗原分子。方法：免疫印迹法分析AWA的特异蛋白带，电泳层析法分离靶抗原。结果：获得了感染血清和免疫血清识别的67kD蛋白。结论：电泳层析法是一种分离血吸虫抗原的有效方法。     

Parasitological and pathological studies on rhesus monkeys infected with Chinese mainland strain of Schistosoma japonicum

The present study was undertaken to obtain fundamental data from rhesus monkey in the course of infection with Chinese mainland strain of Schistosoma japonicum under laboratory condition. 15 normal monkeys were infected by cutaneous exposure to 200 cercariae for each animal. The following items were observed: the dynamic distribution of schistosomulum in the skin; the average of worm recovery rate; the size of mature worms of both sexes; the size of mature eggs from the feces; the mean prepatent period; the duration of egg passage in the feces and the histopathological changes of the skin, liver and gastro-intestinal tract at different time intervals after infection. Our results showed that rhesus monkey is a permissive host for Chinese mainland strain of S. japonicum and a spontaneous recovery happened due to gradual disappearance of the worms at later stage.     

Immunological characteristics of natural resistance in Microtus fortis to infection with Schistosoma japonicum

ＯｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅＴｏｅｘｐｌｏｒｅｔｈｅｉｍｍｕｎｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｎａｔｕｒａｌｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅｔｏＳｃｈｉｓｔｏｓｏｍａｊａｐｏｎｉｃｕｍｉｎｆｅｃｔｉｏｎｉｎＭｉｃｒｏｔｕｓｆｏｒｔｉｓ（ＭＦ）ｌｉｖｉｎｇ...     

日本血吸虫云南品系SIEA对小鼠的免疫保护作用

目的观察日本血吸虫云南品系SIEA(未成熟卵可溶性抗原)免疫小鼠后产生的免疫保护效果.方法ICR小鼠经日本血吸虫云南品系SIEA免疫后攻击感染血吸虫尾蚴,感染后46 d剖杀,观察减虫率、粪卵减少率、雌虫子宫内虫卵数、肝表面虫卵结节数、肝脏各期虫卵数及各期虫卵构成比.结果经SIEA免疫后感染血吸虫尾蚴的小鼠粪卵及雌虫子宫内虫卵减少率分别为33.25%,34.75%(P<50.05);肝表面虫卵结节密度下降47.76%(P<0.05);肝组织内虫卵总数下降,每雌肝卵减少率为41.83%(P<0.05);每雌成熟虫卵减少率为54.37%(P<0.05);肝组织内成熟虫卵比例下降,未成熟卵比例增加(P<0.05).结论日本血吸虫云南品系未成熟卵可溶性抗原(SIEA)的抗原性较强,诱导小鼠产生了抗卵胚发育及抗雌虫生殖免疫力,可望作为血吸虫抗病疫苗候选抗原.     

东方田鼠感染日本血吸虫后病理观察及相关基因研究

目的 研究东方田鼠感染日本血吸虫后肝、肺组织病理改变及相关基因表达差异,为进一步研究东方田鼠抗血吸虫机制提供依据。方法 东方田鼠感染日本血吸虫尾蚴（2000条/只）,取对照组东方田鼠和感染血吸虫后第6、10、15、20、30天肺、肝组织样品,HE染色后进行病理观察,并提取肺和肝总RNA,对Lyz、RT1-Db1、Cd74、C1qa、Thra、Igf1基因进行实时荧光定量PCR检测,比较其在肝脏和肺脏的动态表达水平。结果 东方田鼠感染血吸虫后6-10天,肺部有大量出血点,肝细胞空泡变性,肝窦高度扩张,肺和肝组织内血管周围及管腔均有大量嗜酸性粒细胞及少量中性粒细胞、巨噬细胞等炎性细胞浸润,至第20天逐渐恢复。从感染后第6天开始,Lyz、RT1-Db1、Cd74基因在肺和肝内表达均明显上调,在第20天后逐渐恢复,C1qa基因在肺内表达上调,Thra基因在肺内表达下调,Igf1基因肝内表达下调。结论 在东方田鼠抗血吸虫感染的过程中,嗜酸性粒细胞发挥了非常重要的作用,相关基因在东方田鼠抗血吸虫感染的过程中可能发挥一定的作用。     

树突状细胞抗日本血吸虫感染保护性免疫力的研究

目的 探讨日本血吸虫可溶性虫卵抗原(SEA)致敏树突状细胞抗血吸虫感染的保护性免疫力。方法 利用SEA分别致敏树突状细胞和巨噬细胞，将致敏树突状细胞和巨噬细胞分别免疫BALB／C小鼠3次，攻击感染6周后计数成虫和肝脏虫卵。结果 SEA致敏树突状细胞免疫小鼠诱导27．3％的减虫率和41．5％的减卵率，明显高于SEA致敏巨噬细胞组(22．0％和30．7％)和未致敏树突状细胞及巨噬细胞组(16．3％，27．3％和11．7％，17．0％)，血清抗体水平于第6周达高峰。结论 SEA致敏树突状细胞具有抗日本血吸虫感染的保护性免疫作用。     

慢性血吸虫病孕鼠肝脏病变的计量分析

目的:了解慢性血吸虫病孕鼠肝脏的病变程度.方法:以日本血吸虫尾蚴感染小鼠,在感染后100d(慢性期),雌雄小鼠交配使其受孕,在妊娠早期及分娩后取材,以图像分析仪对肝内虫卵肉芽肿进行体视学分析,同时观察孕期小鼠存活状况及虫荷.结果:各组间虫荷差异无显著性意义,但受孕组病鼠死亡明显增多,感染产后组小鼠的肝脏虫卵肉芽肿面积较感染未合笼组明显缩小(P＜0.05),其肉芽肿纤维面积也较感染早孕组及感染未合笼组显著缩小(P＜0.01).结论:妊娠期合并慢性血吸虫病使病变加重可能与免疫抑制有关.     

日本和曼氏血吸虫抗原在间接血凝试验中与不同血吸虫病人血清的交叉反应

用间接血凝试验(IHA)比较不同抗原SjSEA、SmAWA和SmBW与日本、曼氏和埃及血吸虫病人血清的交叉反应。结果显示:3种抗原致敏的绵羊红细胞(SRBC)与其相应的血吸虫病人血清反应率分别为100％(SjSEA),96％(SmAWA)和98％(SmBW);与不同种血吸虫病人血清的交叉反应率在79％～95％,其中以SjSEA最高。结果提示:SjSEA除可用于诊断日本血吸虫病外,也可作为诊断曼氏和埃及血吸虫病的候选抗原。此外,本试验还发现IHA抗体滴度与病人排出的虫卵数量无相关关系。     

核酸疫苗Sj31BIN联合IL-12免疫抗日本血吸虫攻击感染的实验研究

目的：在证明日本血吸虫重组蛋白酶B核酸疫苗Sj31BIN具有抗生殖免疫作用的基础上,联合使用IL-12,观察IL-12是否具有佐剂效果。方法：分别用Sj31BIN IL-12和IL-12免疫Balb／C小鼠。攻击感染后6周计数成虫负荷和组织内虫卵数及肝脏表面虫卵结节数。结果：Sj31BIN IL-12免疫小鼠可降低成虫发育率。肝组织减卵率为59．74％;肠组织减卵率为59．60％;肝脏表面虫卵结节减少率为71．30％;单独使用IL-12有一定的免疫保护作用。结果：Sj31BIN IL-12能诱导小鼠产生较强的抗生殖免疫作用。