腹腔镜胃底折叠术治疗儿童严重胃食管反流的现状

自1991年Geage[1]和Dallemagne[2]等相继报道应用腹腔镜胃底折叠术治疗成人严重胃食管反流后,Lobe等[3]1993年报道应用腹腔镜开展儿童Nissen's胃底折叠术,并显示较经典的开腹手术具有明显的优点.在以后的10年中,腹腔镜胃底折叠术治疗儿童保守治疗无效的严重胃食管反流在欧美国家迅速流行和普及.     

腹腔镜食管壁孔疝修补术和胃底折叠术

食管裂孔疝在临床并不少见 ,胃食管返流性疾病临床更是常见 ,但是此类疾病还没有得到应有的重视 ,行外科治疗者还很少。资料表明 ,美国成人约4 5 %有胸骨后烧灼痛 (胃食管返流性疾病的主要症状 )至少每月 1次 ,7%每天都有此症状出现 ;约5 0 %胃食管返流患者会出现糜烂性食炎、食管狭窄或Ｂａｒｒｅｔｔ′ｓ食管等并发症。胃食管返流性疾病的内科治疗包括改变生活和饮食习惯 ,服用Ｈ2 受体拮抗剂甲氰咪胍等或质子泵抑制剂奥美拉唑及胃肠道动力药西沙比利等。对于内科药物治疗无效或停药后症状复发或出现上述各种并发症则需要手术治疗。腹腔镜…     

腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补胃底折叠术

食管裂孔疝多见于40岁以上的病人。其症状主要表现为胸痛、吞咽困难和咽下疼痛，并常伴有反流性食管炎引起的胸骨后及背部烧灼感。食管裂孔疝常伴有食管韧带松弛和食管下段括约肌功能减弱，易发生胃液反流，导致胃食管反流病（GERD）。胃食管反流病的发生机制与食管裂孔疝、食管下端括约肌缺陷等有关，常须长期服用质子泵抑制剂和胃肠动力药物治疗。     

腹腔镜胃底折叠术治疗胃食管反流病372例

目的 探讨腹腔镜胃底折叠术治疗胃食管反流病(GERD)的可行性和临床应用价值.方法 2005年9月至2010年8月,对372例GERD病人实施腹腔镜胃底折叠术,其中Nissen胃底折叠术146例,Toupet胃底折叠术79例,前180°胃底折叠术147例,记录围手术期相关指标,随访观察治疗效果.结果 372例均完成腹腔镜手术,无中转开腹者.手术时间50～210 min,平均85 min;术中出血40～150 ml,平均86 ml.术后住院3～21天,平均4.3天.术后临床症状均得到缓解,无严重并发症及死亡病例.术后3个月复查胃镜、上消化道造影、食管测压和24 h食管pH检测均恢复正常.350例随访～63个月,平均27.3个月,对手术效果满意率92.57%,19例有进固体食物时轻度梗噎感,6例反酸症状复发,使用抑酸药物可控制,1例食管裂孔疝复发.结论 腹腔镜胃底折叠术治疗中、重度GERD充分体现了微创手术创伤小、恢复快、安全可行、疗效可靠的特点;3种胃底折叠方式根据病人具体情况应用,能够最大限度地保证手术效果、降低操作难度,减少术后并发症.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the feasibility and clinical value of laparoscopic surgery in treating patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Methods From September 2001 to August 2009, 372 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease undertwent laparoscopic fundoplication, including 146 cases of Nissen fundoplication, 79 Toupet fundoplication, and 147 anterior 180 degrees partial fundoplication. Para-operative clinical parameters were recorded. All patients were routinely followed up. Clinical outcomes were collected and analyzed. Results Laparoscopic surgery was successfully performed in all patients, and no conversions were required. The operating time was 50 -210 minutes (mean, 85 minutes), the operative blood loss was 40 - 150 ml( mean, 86 ml) ,the postoperative hospital stay was 3 - 21 days( mean, 4.3 days ). The symptoms in most cases were adequately relieved after operation. There were no severe postoperative morbidity and mortality. Endoscopy, radiology, esophageal manometry and 24-hour pH monitoring were repeated 3 months after surgery. After the follow-up period of 3 -63 months ( mean, 27.3 months), the satisfaction rate of operation was 92.57%. 19 cases had mild dysphagia when eating solid food. Symptoms recurrence of acid reflux occurred in 6 cases, which were controlled by antacid medications. Hiatal hernia recurrence occurred in 1 case. Conclusions Laparoscopic operation should be the method of choice to treat the moderate to severe gastroesophageal reflux disease, with the advantages of minimized trauma,quick recovery, safety,feasibility and reliable effect. According to individual condition of patients, appropriate fundoplication procedure should be employed carefully to ensure results of operations, reduce operating difficulties and the rate of postoperative complications.     

地市级医院初期开展腹腔镜下食管裂孔疝修补及胃底折叠术的经验

目的探讨地市级医院初期开展腹腔镜下食管裂孔疝修补及胃底折叠术的技术要点及临床疗效。 方法回顾分析咸阳市中心医院2016年3月至2019年3月,行腹腔镜下食管裂孔疝修补、胃底折叠术31例患者的临床资料。按胃底折叠术的术式不同,分为Dor术式组、Toupet术式组、Nissen术式组。观察并记录各术式组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间。随访3~36个月时的并发症及复发率。 结果31例均行腹腔镜下食管裂孔疝修补联合胃底折叠术。其中Dor折叠4例、Toupe折叠3例、Nissen折叠24例;各术式手术时间分别为（60±4.5）、（68±6.3）、（70±9.2）min;各术式术中出血量分别为（21±4.8）、（24±5.4）、（30±9.1）ml;术后出院时间（7±2.1）、（8±2.8）、（9±2.4）d。31例患者术后不适症状均得到缓解,4例患者术后出现吞咽困难并发症,其中1例患者因保守对症治疗效果不理想,行二次手术拆除胃底折叠后好转,其余3例患者经对症治疗后缓解。31例患者术后随访,失访患者1例,随访3~36个月,中位时间28个月。经胃镜、上消化道造影检查,未复发且无其他并发症发生。 结论腹腔镜下食管裂孔疝修补、胃底折叠术安全、有效,微创优势明显,值得临床推广。     

腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补、胃底折叠术的综合评价

临床上食管裂孔疝并不少见，胃食管反流性疾病更是多见。但是此类疾病在国内还没有得到应有的重视，施行外科治疗者还很少。胃食管反流病（GERD）的发生机制与食管下端括约肌缺陷、食管裂孔疝等有关，约25％～50％的GERD患者为慢性疾病过程，需要长期药物治疗。自20世纪50年代中期起，经过40多年的临床实践，以Nissen手术为代表的一系列抗反流手术对治疗严重的GERD取得了非常理想的疗效。     

腹腔镜胃底折叠术治疗胃食管反流性疾病临床分析

目的　探讨腹腔镜胃底折叠术治疗胃食管反流性疾病的可行性及安全性。　方法　回顾性分析 2 0 0 1年 6月至 2 0 0 1年 10月对 5例行腹腔镜胃底折叠术的胃食管反流性疾病的临床资料。　结果　 3例行腹腔镜Nissen胃底折叠术 ,2例腹腔镜Toupet胃底折叠术。术后症状完全缓解。食道下段压力由 (7 32± 1 34)mmHg提高到 (18 2 0± 3 4 3)mmHg(t=12 2 3,P <0 0 1) ,2 4 -小时PH值监测评分由183 36± 96 76降低到 8 0 4± 2 12 (t=8 4 7,P <0 0 1) ,较手术前有明显改善 ,并达到正常范围。无手术并发症 ,无中转开腹及死亡病例。　结论　对于严重的胃食管反流性疾病 ,腹腔镜胃底折叠术是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

腹腔镜Nissen胃底折叠术治疗胃食管反流病

目的 探讨腹腔镜Nissen胃底折叠术治疗胃食管反流病的效果.方法 对近2年来收治的109例胃食管反流病实施腹腔镜Nissen胃底折叠术患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 108例成功完成手术.1例因难以控制的脾上极胃短血管出血而中转开腹.手术用时30-245(平均68.1)min,术中出血5～450(平均30.0)mL;术后住院天数2～8(平均4.2)天.术后102例获3～27个月的随访,7例失访.随访患者中99例(97.1%)反酸、烧心等消化道症状基本消失,2例(2.0%)明显缓解,1例(0.9%)无效.术后2例出现较严重的吞咽困难,1例严重上腹胀气,2例腹泻,1例出现术后食管裂孔疝.结论 腹腔镜Nissen胃底折叠术是治疗胃食管反流病的一种微创、安全、有效的治疗方法.     

机器人与腹腔镜儿童胃底折叠术的Meta分析

目的系统评价机器人辅助胃底折叠术与腹腔镜下行胃底折叠术治疗小儿胃食管反流病的临床效果。方法计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library等数据库,同时根据以上检索所得文献的参考文献进行扩大检索。采用RevMan5.3统计软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入4项符合标准的研究,共计194例病人。结果显示,机器人辅助与腹腔镜下行胃底折叠术相比,在中转开腹(OR=0.47,95%CI为0.13~1.69,P=0.25)、术后并发症(OR=1.19,95%CI为0.47~3.03,P=0.72)及术后住院时间(MD=-0.04,95%CI为-2.28~2.75,P=0.98)上差异均无统计学意义。结论机器人辅助与腹腔镜下行胃底折叠术相比,其安全性及有效性无明显优势,但其治疗费用更高且手术时间更长。     

腹腔镜胃底折叠术治疗胃食管反流病

目的探讨腹腔镜胃底折叠术治疗胃食管反流病的临床效果。方法2008年1月-2011年11月对40例胃食管反流病行腹腔镜胃底折叠术。腹腔镜单纯胃底折叠术7例（Toupt式）,腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补加胃底折叠术33例（Nissen式5例,Toupet式28例）。结果手术均获成功,无中转开腹及死亡病例,无术后严重并发症。手术时间75～215min,平均112min;术中出血量10-350ml,平均52ml;术后住院5—10d,平均7d。40例术后随访1—24个月,平均16个月,34例临床症状完全消失,6例症状明显好转。结论腹腔镜胃底折叠术治疗胃食管反流病疗效满意。     

腹腔镜Nissen胃底折叠术治疗胃食管反流病110例报告

目的探讨胃食管反流病（gastroesophageal reflux disease,GERD）的临床表现、腹腔镜Nissen胃底折叠术的治疗效果。方法回顾性分析2007年1月～2008年12月共110例行腹腔镜Nissen胃底折叠术的GERD临床资料。18例以反酸、烧心、嗳气、反食、胸痛等食管内症状为主,92例表现为咳嗽、咳痰、喘息等呼吸道症状为主（6例无反酸、烧心等消化道症状）。结果中转开腹1例,余均成功实施腹腔镜Nissen胃底折叠术。手术时间30～245min,平均67.8min;术中出血量5～450ml,平均28.8ml;术后住院时间2～8d,平均4.1d。术后102例获得6～24个月随访,平均13个月,8例失访。其中66例仅接受电话随访。102例按照症状频次、程度问卷表对其症状进行评分,参考反流性疾病问卷（reflux diagnostic questionnaire,RDQ）评分标准症状评分,术后6个月反酸、烧心、胸痛、咳嗽、喘息、憋气、咽异物感、喉部发紧、声音嘶哑的评分均明显下降（P〈0.05）。87例手术有效,15例手术无效。术后62例（60.8%）出现进食困难,经饮食训练2～6周后60例消失,2例症状严重,经胃镜扩张后缓解。1例术后2个月食管裂孔疝复发,再次腹腔镜手术修补。36例术后3个月选择性地进行了胃镜、24h食管pH监测和食管压力监测复查。28例食管炎患者复查胃镜,25例恢复正常,1例从Ⅲ级转为Ⅰ级,1例从Ⅱ级转为Ⅰ级,1例无变化;31例复查24h食管pH值监测,DeMeester评分恢复正常30例,1例从中度降至轻度;18例复查食管测压,下食管括约肌（LES）静息压从术前的1.2～34.1（中位数14.3）mmHg升至14.3～33.0（中位数20.0）mmHg（Z=3.72,P=0.000）。结论腹腔镜Nissen胃底折叠术是治疗GERD的有效方法,具有微创、损伤小、病人恢复快和操作安全的优点,对诊断明确的以食管外症状为主要表现的GERD特别值得提倡。     

Therapeutic Effects of Laparoscopic Fundoplication for Nonerosive Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Purpose Surgical treatments for nonerosive gastroesophageal reflux disease (NERD) have not been investigated sufficiently. We examined the results of laparoscopic fundoplication for patients with NERD. Methods We performed laparoscopic fundoplication for NERD in 22 patients. The severity of esophageal hiatal hernia, morphology of the cardiac orifice, and results of 24-hour continuous esophageal and gastric pH were evaluated. We used a four-point scale for the improvement rating of postoperative symptoms. Results There were 20 patients (91%) with a sliding hiatal hernia, and 21 patients (95%) with a loose cardiac orifice. Seven patients had acid reflux with 4.0% or higher esophageal fraction of time pH below 4. The surgical techniques used were Nissen fundoplication in 10 patients and Toupet fundoplication in 12 patients. Improvement of postoperative heartburn was rated as excellent in 16 patients, good in 5, and fair in 1. The overall efficacy rating was 95%, and discontinuation of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) was possible in 21 patients. Conclusion Our results of performing laparoscopic fundoplication in patients with NERD were excellent. Even if abnormal acid reflux cannot be confirmed preoperatively, sufficient therapeutic efficacy can be expected for patients with esophageal hiatal hernia or a loose cardiac orifice.     

腹腔镜下以Crurasoft重建食管裂孔在老年GERD患者中的应用研究

目的 探讨腹腔镜下以Crurasoft补片重建食管裂孔并行Nissen胃底折叠术在老年胃食管反流(GERD)中的应用效果.方法 2006年7月至2009年7月3年期间我科共收治老年(≥65岁)GERD患者22例,其中行Nissen胃底折叠术并以Crurasoft补片无张力重建食管裂孔者10例(直径≥5 cm者2例,<5 cm者8例),行Nissen胃底折叠术并以间断缝合方式重建食管裂孔者12例(直径≥5 cm者2例,<5 cm者10例).对2组患者手术资料以及术前和术后3个月及1年的症状变化(烧心、反酸、吞咽困难、呼吸道疾患)、胃镜检查情况、食管下段压力(LESP)及24 h pH检查(DeMeester评分)结果进行对比分析.结果 补片组手术时间长于缝合组(P<0.05),缝合组有2例术后发生折叠胃底移位致症状复发.两种手术方式均可改善患者症状,与术前比较其GERD症状评分明显降低(P<0.05),补片组的GERD症状评分又低于缝合组(P<0.05);缝合组术后1年其烧心及反酸症状较术后3个月有所加重(P<0.05).2组患者术后的胃镜、LESP及pH复查情况较术前均有所改善,胃黏膜改变评分及24 h食管pH评分明显降低,LESP明显升高(P<0.05);其中补片组的改善情况优于对应时间的缝合组(P<0.05);缝合组组内术后1年时的LESP及24 h食管pH评分较术后3个月又明显降低或升高(P<0.05).结论 腹腔镜下Crurasoft补片重建食管裂孔并行Nissen胃底折叠术是治疗老年GERD的一种安全有效的方法.     

超重患者胃食管反流病的腹腔镜治疗

目的 探讨腹腔镜手术治疗超重患者胃食管反流病（gastroesophageal reflux disease,GERD）的临床效果.方法 2008年1月~2013年1月,对23例体重指数（BMI）26.1~29.7的超重GERD患者行腹腔镜治疗.单纯胃底折叠术5例（Toupet式）,18例合并食管裂孔疝者行食管裂孔疝修补加胃底折叠术（Nissen式4例,Toupet式14例）.结果 全组手术均获成功,手术时间85~225 min,平均117 min;术中出血量30~200 ml,平均70 ml;术后住院时间4~8 d,平均7 d.无中转开腹及死亡,无术后严重并发症.术后随访1~24个月,平均14个月,其中15例〉12个月,21例治愈,2例缓解.结论 腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补和胃底折叠术治疗超重GERD患者效果满意.     

Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Japan

Purpose Laparoscopic antireflux surgery is the standard treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in Western countries where this disorder is common; however, it has only recently been introduced in Japan. We examined the effectiveness of laparoscopic antireflux surgery in a small series of Japanese patients.Methods Between 1998 and 2001 we performed laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication in 23 patients to evaluate the efficiency of this technique. We examined the following four parameters pre- and postoperatively: symptoms, endoscopic findings, gastroesophagogram findings, and the results of intraesophageal 24-h pH monitoring. We also examined the operation time, blood loss, intraoperative complications, and postoperative complications.Results The operation was safely performed in all patients, regardless of age, and there were no intraoperative complications. Postoperatively, more than three parameters were effectively normalized in 17 (89.5%) of 19 patients. The only postoperative complications were delayed gastric emptying in three patients and persistent dysphagia in five patients. During follow-up, esophagitis recurred in two patients, one of whom underwent laparoscopic refundoplication, which normalized the condition.Conclusion Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication is highly effective for GERD and could become the standard surgical treatment in Japan.     

小儿胃食管反流的诊断与治疗

小儿胃食管反流（ＧＥＲ）是由于小儿食管下端功能障碍引起的胃内容物及十二指肠内容物反流入食管。其常见并发症有反流性食管炎 管狭窄和上消化道出血等,临床特征为顽固性呕吐或反胃;胸骨后烧灼感或疼痛、吞咽困难和哎血;反复发作的肺为、支气管炎、哮喘和窒息等。检查方法可采用胃食管Ｘ线钡餐造影,２４小时食管ｐＨ可判断治疗是否有效。应用抗酸剂、胃粘膜保护剂和Ｈ２受体拮抗治疗６￣１２周无效时,则应用手术治疗。随着微     

Pathophysiological Measurement and Results After Laparoscopic Fundoplication for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Purpose: Both surgical and conservative treatments for gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD) are controversial. The aim of this prosepective study was to examine outcomes after laparoscopic antireflux surgery. Methods: The subjects were 143 patients who underwent laparoscopic antireflux surgery. Following diagnostic procedures 126 patients were allocated to a total fundoplication group (360°C, Nissen-DeMeester) and 17, to a posterior semifundoplication group (250–270°, Toupet). All complications were registered, and pathophysiological and outcome data were examined 3, 6, and 9 months after surgery. Results: By 6 months after surgery the mean lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure had improved significantly, to 14.8 mmHg in the Nissen-DeMeester group, and to 12.1 mmHg in the Toupet group, corresponding to successful prevention of esophageal reflux in both groups. Dysphagia was more common in the early postoperative period after total fundic wrap (17% vs 12%), but this difference disappeared in time. All patients reported complete relief of reflux symptoms, although two of those who underwent the Nissen-DeMeester fundoplication experienced relapse of GERD and required open reconstruction (1.4%). The laparoscopic procedure was converted to open surgery in three patients (2%). There were no associated deaths and the perioperative complication rate was 4.2%. Conclusion: Laparoscopic antireflux surgery is an effective treatment for GERD. More than 93% of the patients in this series rated their outcome as good to excellent following the operation. Received: December 10, 2001 / Accepted: May 7, 2002 Reprint requests to: K. Ludwig     

Effect of Laparoscopic Fundoplication on Hypertensive Lower Esophageal Sphincter Associated with Gastroesophageal Reflux

For hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter with dysphagia and chest pain, a laparoscopic cardiomyotomy is recommended. Recently, the role of gastroesophageal reflux in this abnormality has been recognized. A prospective study on six patients with manometrically proven hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter was performed. Laparoscopic floppy Nissen fundoplication was performed in all cases. The first follow up was performed 6 weeks after the operation. The mean follow up time was 56 months (range 50–61). Before the operation, all patients had abnormal esophageal acid exposure. Mean DeMeester score was 41.7 (range 16.7–86). Average LES pressure before the operation was 50.5 mmHg (range 35.6–81.3). Six weeks after operation, all patients were symptom free. DeMeester score returned to a normal level of 2.9. Furthermore, a marked decrease in the lower esophageal sphincter pressure (24.7 mmHg) was detected. At late follow up, all patients were symptom-free, and only two patients agreed to undergo functional testing. The mean DeMeester score of this two patients was 1.2. The pressure remained at normal value (15.7 mmHg). In our study, an antireflux operation normalized lower esophageal sphincter pressure suggesting that abnormal esophageal acid exposure may be an etiologic factor in the development of hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter.