关心老年人生活质量、促进老年人心身健康

人口老龄化是现代人类社会最为重大的成就之一,也是当今社会面临的最严峻的挑战之一,是一个全球现象,要求国际社会、各国、各地区都要采取积极的行动。关心老年人生活质量,促进老年人心身健康是其中一个重要的组织部分,也是时代赐予我们的重要任务。     

失眠症患者心身健康及生活质量调查

目的了解失眠症患者心身健康状况及生活质量.方法对30名失眠症患者和28名健康对照者分别进行症状自评量表(SCL-90)和生活质量综合评定问卷(GQOLI-74)评定.结果失眠症组SCL-90评定总分及躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、睡眠障碍各因子分与对照组比较,差异有非常显著性(P＜0.01),GQOLI-74评定中主观满意度及精神紧张度,负性情感、正性情感和工作与学习评分与对照组差异有显著性(P＜0.05),业余娱乐评分与对照组比较,差异有非常显著性.结论失眠症患者的心身健康状况差,往往伴有躯体化症状和抑郁、焦虑情绪,进而导致生活质量的主观满意度差.     

心理干预对社区老年人心身健康的影响

我国已进入老龄化社会,针对老年群体心理健康及生活质量的研究多有报道.为了观察心理干预对老年人身心健康的影响与作用,本文采用心理知识讲座、身心松弛训练以及心理咨询等方式对某老年大学的老年人进行心理干预,并对心理干预前后（间隔时间为6个月）的老年人心身健康状况进行测试比较,为探索改进老年人心身健康水平的有效途径提供参考.结果报告如下.     

提高老年人的生活质量是实现"健康老龄化”的根本保证

随着社会经济、文化、科技的进步,传染病的有效控制,人类寿命的不断延长和出生率的持续下降,人口老龄化已成为日益突出的社会问题。今后,我国60岁以上人口已达到1.3亿,占总人口的10％,开始步入老龄化国家行列,同时也成为老龄化速度最快,老龄人口绝对数最多的国家。人口老龄化虽然是人类社会发展和文明进步的必然趋势,但它给社会、家     

面对全球人口老龄化:关注老年人生活质量

人口老龄化是人类最重大的成就之一,也是对人类最严峻的挑战之一.WHO将"健康老龄化"更改为"积极老龄化",从而具有更为广泛的意义.关注老年人生活质量,尽可能延长其寿命,并保持健康与活力已成为时代赐于当今世界的重任.     

老年人：心身健康庆中秋

中秋节是我国传统的团圆聚会的节日。平时难得一聚的亲朋挚友、家庭成员，聚会一堂，举杯换盏，品尝美味佳肴：抚今追昔，畅叙情怀。饱尝人生百味的老人，此时不禁感触良多，情绪波动较大。谈及“好事”喜形于色，开怀大笑：言及不顺心事则或忧或怒，溢于言表。     

面对全球人口老龄化：关注老年人生活质量

人口老龄化是人类最重大的成就之一，也是对人类最严峻的挑战之一。WHO将“健康老龄化”更改为“积极老龄化”，从而具有更为广泛的意义。关注老年人生活质量，尽可能延长其寿命，并保持健康与活力已成为时代赐于当今世界的重任。     

老年人健康生活质量分析方法及其发展趋势

近些年来有许多国家,比如东欧、日本、中国,相继进入了老龄化社会,关注老年人口、关注这一特殊人群的生活质量不仅成为一个国家,更成为一个世界范围的问题。同时由于医学模式由单纯的生物医学模式转变成了社会-生理-心理医学模式,     

离退休老年人的生活质量研究

本研究通过对８２１名离退休老年人日常生活功能、情绪状况及其活动和交往的调查、评估研究老年人的生活质量及对健康的影响。结果显示：（１）离退休老年人随年龄增长日常生活功能量衰退趋势，并伴有一定程度的负性情绪；（２）离退休老年人有意识地进行活动和交往是提高其生活质量的有效措施；（３）多因素分析表明影响老年人健康的主要因素包括年龄、生活功能水平、情绪状态及社会交往。提示提高老年人生活质量对于维护老年人的健康具有重要意义     

唐山大地震所致截瘫患者社会支持和生活质量与心身健康的对照研究

目的 研究截瘫患生活方式，社会支持，生活质量与心身健康之间的关系。方法 对康复村的患（n=31)和市截瘫病院的患（n=33)进行了唐山大地震心身健康调查问卷，90项症状自评量表（SCL-90）、康奈尔医学指数（CMI）和社会支持评定量表（SSPS）的调查和评定。结果 两组患在地震中所遭受的躯体损伤和精神创伤的严重程度是相似的。康复村患近8年时间里生活方式，社会支持，生活质量不同于截瘫病院患，目前，截瘫病院患心身健康程度显低于康复村患，表现在33例患中有6例患PTSD，另外，在SCL-90总分和诸多因子分，CML总分和诸多因子分均显高于康复村患，结论 本研究结果证实了生活方式，社会支持和生活质量是影响截瘫患心身健康的重要因素。     

心理护理对战争后遗症退伍军人生存质量及身心健康的效果

目的观察心理护理干预对战争后遗症退伍军人生存质量及身心健康的效果。方法选取我院2016年7月至2016年10月收治的122例患战争后遗症的伤残退伍军人,随机分为常规组和实验组各61例。常规组采取一般护理模式,实验组在常规组护理基础上,依据其实际心理状态进行心理辅导。对比两组的护理效果。结果护理后,实验组的心理状态评分明显低于常规组,生存质量评分明显高于常规组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对有战争后遗症的退伍军人采取针对性的心理护理干预,可明显改善其负性情绪,提高生存质量,促进身心健康。     

Measurement properties of the Adolescent Quality of Life Mental Health Scale (AQOL-MHS)

Background

This article presents data on the psychometric properties of a new measure, the Adolescent Quality of Life Mental Health Scale (AQOL-MHS), designed to measure quality of life in clinical samples of Latino adolescents aged 12–18 years. Participants were recruited in Puerto Rico to have one of five prevalent mental health disorders. The initial instrument development was achieved through a grounded theory approach with the use of focus groups and in-depth interviews.

Methods

We conducted two stages of exploratory factor analyses (EFA) on 60 candidate items. The first stage was to establish the number of factors to extract, and the second was to improve the model by selecting the best items. A final EFA model retained 31 items and 3 factors labeled Emotional Regulation (11 items), Self-Concept (10 items) and Social Context (10 items).

Results

The instrument showed good internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and construct validity. The hypotheses-driven validity tests were all supportive of the AQOL-MHS. There was evidence for convergent validity and discriminant validity, and results for known-groups’ validity were overwhelmingly supportive of the ability of the instrument to identify differences between groups.

Conclusions

These preliminary findings support our conceptual model and the use of the AQOL-MHS domain and overall scores. We believe that this instrument will provide clinicians additional insight into the different aspects of quality of life that are important to adolescents with mental health problems. Therefore, we consider the AQOL-MHS a vital patient-centered outcome measure for assessment strategies in the prevention and treatment of this population.     

大学生体育锻炼知信行与生命质量的关系

目的了解大学生体育锻炼与健康知、信、行及生命质量的特点,为教育部门的干预研究提供参考。方法采用问卷调查法,对河北地区高校986名大学生的生命质量与体育锻炼因素间的关联进行调查。结果大学生的生命质量男生高于女生,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。主要原因与体育锻炼因素不同有关。体育锻炼与健康知识、态度、信念和行为对大学生生命质量性别差异影响较大。结论学校应高度重视通过体育教育途径提高大学生参与体育锻炼的程度,促进和提高大学生的生命质量水平。     

Quality of Life and Mental Health Status of Arsenic-affected Patients in a Bangladeshi Population

Contamination of groundwater by inorganic arsenic is one of the major public-health problems in Bangladesh. This cross-sectional study was conducted (a) to evaluate the quality of life (QOL) and mental health status of arsenic-affected patients and (b) to identify the factors associated with the QOL. Of 1,456 individuals, 521 (35.78%) were selected as case and control participants, using a systematic random-sampling method. The selection criteria for cases (n=259) included presence of at least one of the following: melanosis, leucomelanosis on at least 10% of the body, or keratosis on the hands or feet. Control (non-patient) participants (n=262) were selected from the same villages by matching age (±5 years) and gender. The Bangladeshi version of the WHOQOL-BREF was used for assessing the QOL, and the self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ) was used for assessing the general mental health status. Data were analyzed using Student''s t-test and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), and the WHOQOL-BREF and SRQ scores between the patients and the non-patients were compared. The mean scores of QOL were significantly lower in the patients than those in the non-patients of both the sexes. Moreover, the mental health status of the arsenic-affected patients (mean score for males=8.4 and females=10.3) showed greater disturbances than those of the non-patients (mean score for males=5.2 and females=6.1) of both the sexes. The results of multiple regression analysis revealed that the factors potentially contributing to the lower QOL scores included: being an arsenic-affected patient, having lower age, and having lower annual income. Based on the findings, it is concluded that the QOL and mental health status of the arsenic-affected patients were significantly lower than those of the non-patients in Bangladesh. Appropriate interventions are necessary to improve the well-being of the patients.Key words: Arsenic, Arsenic contamination, Cross-sectional study, Mental health, Quality of life, Whoqol-Bref, Bangladesh     

Life Course Outcomes on Mental and Physical Health: The Impact of Foster Care on Adulthood

Objective. We compared the prevalence rates of mental health and physical health problems between adults with histories of childhood foster care and those without.Methods. We used 2003–2005 California Health Interview Survey data (n = 70 456) to test our hypothesis that adults with childhood histories of foster care will report higher rates of mental and physical health concerns, including those that affect the ability to work, than will those without.Results. Adults with a history of childhood foster care had more than twice the odds of receiving Social Security Disability Insurance because they were unable to work owing to mental or physical health problems for the past year, even after stratifying by age and adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics.Conclusions. Childhood foster care may be a sentinel event, signaling the increased risk of adulthood mental and physical health problems. A mental and physical health care delivery program that includes screening and treatment and ensures follow-up for children and youths who have had contact with the foster care system may decrease these individuals’ disproportionately high prevalence of poor outcomes throughout their adulthood.More than 250 000 US children enter foster care every year and almost 20% of them reside in California.1 Children living in foster care, compared with other children, disproportionately come from low-income families, are ethnic and racial minorities,2 and have higher rates of physical, psychological, and social problems.3–6 The current literature suggests that the psychosocial concerns noted for some children who enter foster care persist as they get older and are manifested as severe social problems, including high rates of teen pregnancy, substance abuse, and arrests.7,8 Disproportionately high percentages of children who have a history of foster care, compared with those who do not, exhibit mental health problems.9,10At age 18 years, when adolescents “age out” or are emancipated from the foster care system, the newly independent young adults have very little support and encounter astonishingly high rates of unemployment and homelessness.11,12 Mental health, social, and other concerns appear to continue among children who have experienced foster care throughout their youth.Although the idea that a childhood event could have adulthood risks and ramifications is not new, there is a resurgence of interest in this paradigm, as it may be possible to intervene and reduce or prevent adulthood sequellae.13 Almost a decade ago, a study using a sample drawn from a large Southern California managed care program (i.e., Kaiser Permanente’s Adverse Childhood Experiences or ACE) examined the prevalence of several adverse childhood events (e.g., psychological, physical, and sexual abuse) and household dysfunction (e.g., parental substance abuse, mental illness, incarceration, and domestic violence) and found a correlation between the number of adverse childhood events and several adulthood risk factors for death (e.g., smoking, obesity, depressed mood, alcoholism, and drug use).14The life course approach, the idea that an event or injury occurring in childhood could manifest health risks and ramifications later in adulthood, notes that the timing of an event in the life trajectory is important. There are critical periods in a lifetime when a dramatic event at a point in childhood is more likely to have a serious effect in adulthood, but the same dramatic event may have lesser effects if it occurs at another time point. For example, some investigations have found that adults’ health status and morbidity and mortality rates were linked to their father’s job and education levels when they were children.15–17Researchers studying homeless populations have found that childhood histories of foster care are correlated with the presence of adulthood mental disorders.18–20 Yet, these studies used samples consisting of only homeless adults. Are these findings generalizable to all adults with histories of childhood foster care? We compared prevalence rates of mental health and physical health problems between 2 groups of adults: those with histories of childhood foster care and those without. Accordingly, we hypothesized that adults who have had childhood histories of foster care, compared with those who have not, will report higher rates of mental and physical health concerns, including those that affect the ability to work.     

大学贫困生生活状况与心理健康状况调查

目的 了解当前高校贫困生的生活和心理健康状况，为高校学生心理健康教育提供参考依据。方法采用分层整群抽样法，对广州市6所高校1132名本、专科大学生进行调查，其中贫困生193名，从非贫困生中随机抽取382名作为对照组。结果贫困生的主要经济来源仍为家庭；贫困生的月均生活总支出、月均社交娱乐费用均低于非贫困生；贫困生在人际关系、自信、受外界影响、适应性、爱情5个因子的得分均显低于非贫困生。在193名贫困生中，有26名在过去1a内有过自杀意念。经Logistic回归分析，影响贫困生自杀意念的主要因素有家庭期望值过高、在乎别人对自己的看法、对大学学习生活的适应性差。结论对于高校贫困生应多给予关爱，在生活和心理上加以引导，鼓励他们树立坚强的自信心，以便使他们更好地适应大学生活和学习。     

Estimating a Preference-Based Index for Mental Health From the Recovering Quality of Life Measure: Valuation of Recovering Quality of Life Utility Index

BackgroundThere are increasing concerns about the appropriateness of generic preference-based measures to capture health benefits in the area of mental health.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to estimate preference weights for a new measure, Recovering Quality of Life (ReQoL-10), to better capture the benefits of mental healthcare.MethodsPsychometric analyses of a larger sample of mental health service users (n = 4266) using confirmatory factor analyses and item response theory were used to derive a health state classification system and inform the selection of health states for utility assessment. A valuation survey with members of the UK public representative in terms of age, sex, and region was conducted using face-to-face interviewer administered time-trade-off with props. A series of regression models were fitted to the data and the best performing model selected for the scoring algorithm.ResultsThe ReQoL-Utility Index (UI) classification system comprises 6 mental health items and 1 physical health item. Sixty-four health states were valued by 305 participants. The preferred model was a random effects model, with significant and consistent coefficients and best model fit. Estimated utilities modeled for all health states ranged from ?0.195 (state worse than dead) to 1 (best possible state).ConclusionsThe development of the ReQoL-UI is based on a novel application of item response theory methods for generating the classification system and selecting health states for valuation. Conventional time-trade-off was used to elicit utility values that are modeled to enable the generation of QALYs for use in cost-utility analysis of mental health interventions.