同种异体带瓣主动脉行主动脉根部替换85例随访结果

目的:随访应用低温保存的同种异体带瓣主动脉行主动脉根部替换术的临床效果.方法:85例主动脉根部或瓣膜病变的患者行同种异体带瓣主动脉根部替换手术,术后随访1.5～91个月观察临床结果.结果:随访1.5～91(38.9±13.2)个月.术后早期病死率1.2%(1/85),远期病死率5.9%(5/85);与术前比较心功能明显改善(P＜0.01);术后随访心内膜炎发生率2.4%(2/85);生存者中瓣膜无或有轻度反流84%(66/79),中度反流16%(13/79).结论:同种异体带瓣主动脉根部重建手术效果可靠,成功率高且并发症低,尤适于治疗心内膜炎造成的瓣膜病.     

同种异体带瓣主动脉移植治疗累及主动脉瓣的感染性心内膜炎临床分析

目的:回顾分析30例应用低温保存的同种异体带瓣主动脉对累及主动脉瓣的感染性心内膜炎的治疗结果。 方法:30例主动脉瓣炎或脓肿患者采用低温保存的同种异体带瓣主动脉行主动脉根部置换手术,术后随访5-86个月观察临床结果。 结果:随访5-86(40.8±15.3)个月。术后早期死亡率3.3％(1/30),远期死亡率6.7％(2/30);与术前比较心功能明显改善(P<0.01);术后随访心内膜炎的发生率占6.7％(2/30);生存者中瓣膜无或有轻度反流81.5％(22/27),中度反流18.5％(5/27)。 结论:同种异体带瓣主动脉移植治疗感染性主动脉瓣炎或脓肿具有较好的疗效。     

83例主动脉根部疾病经典和非经典新术式外科治疗的临床经验和体会

目的:探讨主动脉根部病变外科治疗的经典和非经典术式的适应证和前景,总结经验教训。方法:2003年至2006年在8例新术式的基础上,我们对2000年至2004年北京安贞医院75例连续经典Bentall手术临床资料进行回顾性分析,根据保留瓣膜的主动脉根部成形术或重建术的适应证原则,即瓣环直径<28mm且瓣叶无明显病变,计算其潜在的应用百分率。结果:75例Bentall术死亡3例,死亡率为4.0%。4例改良Bentall术和4例保留瓣膜的主动脉根部成形术无手术和住院死亡,1例Yacoub术后第8个月因继发主动脉瓣返流而行2次瓣膜置换术。75例Bentall术中理论上适合进行瓣膜保留的主动脉根部成形术者有18例(24.0%)。结论:经典Bentall术依然是治疗主动脉根部病变和升主动脉扩张的标准术式,改良Bentall术理论上可能延长机械或生物瓣膜的使用寿命,更适合儿童马方综合征患者;尽管Yacoub术和David术存在主动脉瓣关闭不全(AI)复发的缺点,但是对主动脉瓣正常的根部病变是一种理想术式,并具有良好的应用前景。     

孙氏A2型主动脉夹层的细化分型及其应用

目的: 探讨孙氏 A2型主动脉夹层的细化分型及其应用,观察并分析疗效。方法: 选择2013年1月至2018年9月, 我院经外科治疗的孙氏A2型主动脉夹层患者408例,根据主动脉窦、冠状动脉开口受累程度及主动脉瓣膜交界剥离程度再细化分为三种类型,其中轻型180例,中型188例,重型40例。主动脉根部手术方式根据窦部受累情况选择以保留主动脉瓣的根部重建术为主的手术方式。主动脉弓部根据病情采用半弓置换、全弓置换及支架象鼻术。观察死亡率、严重并发症发生率、保留自体主动脉瓣膜比例及随访期间主动脉根部再次干预情况。结果:住院病死率5.4%,并发症发生率21.3%。三组保留自体主动脉瓣膜比例分别为100.0%、88.3%、62.5%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。随访6个月~6年,重型组有2例于术后6个月及2年出现重度主动脉瓣关闭不全,再次行主动脉瓣置换治愈;有12例（3.3%）出现中度主动脉瓣关闭不全,无临床症状,随访中;余患者无中量及以上主动脉瓣关闭不全及再次主动脉根部干预。结论: 对孙氏A2型主动脉夹层进一步细化分型更有助于临床医师制定手术策略,个体化采用以保留主动脉瓣的根部重建术为主的手术方式是可行的。     

应用自体肺动脉瓣置换病变主动脉瓣（附4例报告）

应用自体肺动脉瓣置换病变主动脉瓣、同种肺动脉瓣原拉重建右室流出道（Ross手术）治疗4例主动脉瓣病变患者,成功3例。1例主动脉瓣二瓣化畸形术后存在轻度主动脉瓣返流。超声心动图均提示主动脉根部及同种瓣良好。1例术中误伤自体肺动脉瓣,改机械瓣置换。认为用自体肺动脉瓣置换病变主动脉瓣效果满意,术中预防自体肺动脉瓣损伤和主动脉瓣返流是手术成功的关键,同种肺动脉瓣原位重建右室流出道可为常规选择的管道。     

一种简单易复制的A型主动脉夹层根部处理方式

目的 使用主动脉根部全间断褥式缝合、联合内引流技术治疗A型主动脉夹层,总结早中期结果。方法 回顾2018年6月至2020年12月我科行A型主动脉夹层手术患者46例。根据主动脉根部处理方式分为三组：根部间断缝合组18例,根部置换组（Bentall和Cabrol术组）17例,根部连续缝合组11例。对比三组间术前资料、围术期及随访结果。结果 全组男性32例（69.6%）,年龄（57.2±11.9）岁,发病24h内急诊手术29例（63%）。三组之间性别、年龄无明显差异,手术时机、术前心功能无差异,主动脉根部替换组术前窦部直径显著高于其他两组[置换组（44.2±8.3） mm , 间断组(35.9±3.2)mm ,连续组(35.9±4.0)mm, P<0.01）,主动脉瓣反流程度也更严重。35例患者全弓置换,8例行半弓置换,3例未行弓部手术。主动脉阻断时间（121.5±23.7）min,体外循环时间（262.2±78.8）min,根部置换组时间较长。存活39例（84.8%）,三组之间死亡率、术后ICU停留天数、输血量、术后住院时间无显著差异。随访3月~3年,无轻度以上主动脉瓣反流,心功能良好;随访CTA结果良好。结论 主动脉根部间断缝合联合内引流的方法操作简单、可复制性强,近期手术效果与其他方法相当,可作为现有手术方法的一种补充。     

升主动脉成形人工血管外包裹治疗儿童马方综合征

目的:探讨升主动脉外人工血管包裹术(Robicsek手术)对儿童马方综合征主动脉根部扩张症的诊治及疗效。方法:1996年9月至2001年7月共收治儿童马方综合征9例,其中6例存在主动脉根部扩张症,治疗采用升主动脉外人工血管包裹术。3例在全麻非体外循环下进行升主动脉外包裹手术;3例在体外循环下行升主动脉外包裹手术,其中2例伴有主动脉瓣关闭不全,1例行同种瓣移植,1例行机械瓣置换。结果:1例术后2 d死于急性左心衰竭,5例存活,随访2~5年效果满意。结论:升主动脉外包裹术是治疗儿童马方综合征主动脉根部扩张症的一种较好选择。     

Ross手术治疗主动脉瓣膜病变中期随访结果

目的:观察Ross手术治疗主动脉瓣膜病变的中期临床结果。方法:1998年3月至2003年11月我院完成的24例Ross手术病例,其中男性13例,女性11例,年龄3～34岁,平均(13.96±5.76)岁,所有患者均以主动脉病变为主,其中主动脉瓣二叶化畸形12例,手术在体外循环下进行,取自体肺动脉移植于主动脉瓣位,并行冠状动脉原位移植,同种肺动脉瓣移植于肺动脉瓣位。所有患者均用多普勒彩色超声心动图进行评估。结果:随访所有患者,随访时间4～78个月,平均(34.2±20.1)个月,均存活,没有感染、栓塞和再次手术。自体肺动脉瓣(新主动脉瓣)平均流速为(1.46±0.49)m/s,中度反流2例,重度反流1例。同种肺动脉瓣(新肺动脉瓣)平均流速为(1.73±0.99)m/s,1例跨瓣压差超过80mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa),2例中度反流。结论:Ross手术治疗主动脉瓣膜病变获得较好的中期疗效,尤其对不适合瓣膜成形和瓣膜置换术的儿童型主动脉瓣膜病变是一个很好的选择。     

主动脉根部瘤的外科治疗

1978年1月至1992年11月期间,阜外医院外科手术治疗主动脉根部瘤105例,手术方法分为四种:Bentall手术50例;Wheat手术21例;同种主动脉根部移植7例;非典型主动脉根部替换术27例。总手术死亡率12.4%,近四年来降至4.0%。手术存活的92例心功能明显改善;七年生存率75.4±12.3%。作者对影响主动脉根部瘤外科治疗效果的因素进行了分析,对手术方法和外科技术进行了探讨。     

仿“Z”字主动脉窦部成形技术在急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层中的应用

目的：评估仿“Z”字主动脉窦部成形技术在急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层中的临床疗效;方法：回顾性分析自2014年9月至2018年12月在武汉亚洲心脏病医院大血管中心共收治急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层412例,其中入组125例,包含主动脉瓣重度关闭不全患者60例。男性80例,女性45例;年龄 30-77岁,平均年龄（51.9±9.37）岁。该组患者根部处理均应用仿“Z”字主动脉窦部成形技术,远端半主动脉弓置换15例,全主动脉弓置换110例。全主动脉弓置换患者均置入“象鼻”支架。结果：全组体外循环时间（170±41.2）min;主动脉阻断时间（130.1±30.6）min;深低温停循环时间（25.1±5.9）min。术后随访1.5月—4.3年,术后所有患者主动脉瓣返流程度均为0-1级。 术后经食道超声检查即刻主动窦部残余夹层3例,分别随访1.5年、2.5年和3.0年,未形成动脉瘤,主动脉窦部直径分别为4.3cm、4.2cm和4.5cm。余患者随访期间未发现因主动脉瓣返流及窦部情况再次手术。结论;仿“Z”字主动脉窦部成形技术在急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层中的临床疗效较好,手术操作简单、易掌握、安全有效、易开展。尤其在合并主动脉瓣反流的患者中,避免了换瓣手术,缩短了手术时间,提高了患者的生活质量。     

主动脉瓣成形术治疗主动脉瓣反流的现状及进展

主动脉瓣成形术（aortic valve repair, AVr）保留了自体瓣膜结构的完整,具有良好的血流动力学指标,无需长期抗凝治疗,免除了人工瓣膜昂贵的经济负担,以及术后较低的瓣膜相关并发症,使得这项技术被广泛接受。AVr适合任何年龄的患者,尤其有利于青少年、孕妇及老年患者。本文将AVr治疗AI（aortic insufficiency, AI）的现状及进展做一综述。     

二瓣化畸形加速主动脉瓣钙化的机制研究进展

主动脉二瓣化畸形是最常见的先天性主动脉瓣发育异常,发病率约0.5%-2%,易并发主动脉瓣钙化、主动脉夹层、主动脉瘤等疾病。几乎所有的该类患者在成年期后都会出现主动脉瓣钙化,且发病年龄比三瓣化主动脉瓣者提前20年。为何二瓣化畸形容易出现主动脉瓣钙化加速,其机制仍存在许多争议。目前研究认为目前研究认为异常的遗传学表达、血流动力学、炎症反应及内皮功能障碍之间的相互作用可能是重要原因,本综述将从以上几个方面对其进行讨论。     

Quadricuspid aortic valves

Quadricuspid aortic valves (QAV) are a rare but well recognized cause of significant aortic regurgitation. The first case was found reported in 1862. Since then there have been 110 reported cases of QAV and we report 4 more. Previously, these were diagnosed at the time of surgery or postmortem examination. With advances in echocardiography, including harmonic imaging, and also the advent of transesophageal echocardiography, more cases are being diagnosed prior to surgery. We describe four more cases, three diagnosed preoperatively and one at the time of surgery, and then review the previously reported cases. Of the 114 cases reported, 46 had the aortic valve replaced, most commonly in the 5th and 6th decade of life. Hurwitz and Roberts classified quadricuspid valves according to the size of the leaflets. It has previously been believed that QAVs with four equal sized leaflets were less likely to develop significant aortic regurgitation; however, on review of the available cases, this would not appear to be the case. The preoperative diagnosis of QAVs is important as they can be associated with abnormally placed coronary ostium. Of the 114 cases reported, there are 10 reports of abnormally placed ostia. There has been at least one reported case of death occurring because of obstruction of an abnormally placed right coronary ostium by a prosthetic aortic valve.     

Transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation after aortic valve repair with HAART 300 device

We report the first successful case, to our knowledge, of CoreValve Evolut R (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN) implantation into a failed HAART 300 aortic annuloplasty device (BioStable Science & Engineering, TX). An 81‐year‐old man presented with severe symptomatic aortic regurgitation secondary to failure of the 21 mm HAART 300 device, which had been implanted 45 days previously. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) revealed grade 3 aortic regurgitation with central jet, without aortic valve stenosis. Because of the high risk for redo surgery, the heart team proceeded with femoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation. The 26 mm CoreValve Evolut R was deployed into the 21 mm HAART 300 device without difficulty or complications. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. The patient was discharged after 5 days. TTE showed a mean aortic valve gradient of 18 mmHg, with minimal paravalvular leak. Our experience suggests that CoreValve Evolut R implantation may be an attractive option in patients with failed HAART 300 aortic annuloplasty.     

Bicuspid aortic valve morphology when associated with coarctation of the aorta

Thirteen children and young adults with coarctation of the aorta as their principal cardiovascular abnormality, 11 with bicuspid aortic valves, were evaluated by orifice-view aortography to evaluate their aortic valvular morphology. For comparison 30 individuals with aortic valvular deformities but without coarctation of the aorta were similarly studied. Two distinct forms of bicuspid valves could be identified characterized by either the appearance of gross inequality of size of the two valve leaflets or an appearance wherein each leaflet closely approximated the size of the other, thus equally bicuspid. Excepting two individuals with normal, tricuspid, aortic valves, all of the patients with coarctation of the aorta had equally bicuspid aortic valves which contrasted to the group without coarctation in which the unequally bicuspid type predominated. This difference in bicuspid aortic valve morphology associated with coarctation of the aorta suggests a different developmental process involving the aortic valve as opposed to the situation in individuals without coarctation.     

Transaortic transcatheter aortic valve implantation within a previous bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement

This report documents the first reported case of transaortic transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) using the CoreValve ReValving system (Medtronic CoreValve System, Luxembourg), within a previous bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement. TAVI has become a recognized percutaneous treatment for patients with severe native or bioprosthetic aortic valve stenosis. However, as the number of patients screened for TAVI increases, a number of patients are found with absolutely no option for peripheral arterial access, either from the femoral or subclavian routes. Transaortic CoreValve placement offers an alternate minimally invasive hybrid surgical/interventional technique when peripheral access is not possible. A CoreValve prosthesis was implanted via the transaortic route in an 81‐year‐old woman with severe bioprosthetic aortic valve stenosis (21 mm Mitroflow pericardial valve, peak instantaneous gradient of 99 mmHg, effective valve orifice area (EOA) of 0.3 cm², as ilio‐femoral and left subclavian angiography revealed small calibre vessels (<6 mm). Access was achieved via a mini thoracotomy via the left anterior second intercostal space. The procedure went without complication. Post procedure the patient was transferred directly to the Cardiac Care Unit for recuperation. Post procedure echocardiography showed that the TAVI was well positioned with no para‐valvular leak and a reduction in peak instantaneous gradient to 30 mmHg and an increase in EOA to 1.5 cm². She was discharged on the third post‐procedural day in sinus rhythm with a narrow QRS complex. CoreValve implantation within previous surgical bioprosthesis is now an established treatment. The transaortic approach to transcatheter implantation is a promising recent development, when due to anatomical reasons, transfemoral or subclavian TAVI is not feasible. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.