旋转皮瓣加植皮法矫治隐耳畸形

目的:介绍一种矫正隐耳畸形简单、可靠的方法。方法:分析我科自2000年~2004年应用耳廓上部三角形皮瓣向下旋转加植皮法,矫治的隐耳畸形患者56例(74耳),其中双侧18例,术后随访3个月～4年。结果:所有被矫治的隐耳均获得了满意而稳定的外形。结论:本手术方法简单、切口隐蔽、损伤小、效果佳,是矫正隐耳畸形较理想的手术方法。     

Below-knee amputation using a medial saphenous artery-based skin flap

BACKGROUND: A modified below-knee (BK) amputation with the medial saphenous artery-based skin flap coverage was designed to preserve a functional BK stump for those who were unable to receive the conventional long posterior flap or skew-type amputation. METHODS: In designing, the medial skin flap was outlined with the margins beginning 1 to 2 cm medial to the tibial crest to close to the middle of the posterior calf, with the length of the flap being equal to the transverse diameter of the leg at the anticipated level of bone section. The posterior margin of the flap was placed close to the middle of the posterior calf or adjacent to the interrupted posterior skin incision line. After elevation of the medial skin flap and performance of the rest of the procedure with the standard BK amputation methods, the posterior muscle mass was carried anteriorly to cover the bony stump and the medial skin flap was brought laterally to cover the defect. RESULTS: This modified BK amputation was successfully done in a total of nine patients during the period January 1998 to January 2004. There were four females and five males, with ages ranging from 44 to 74 years (average 59.1 years). All the skin flaps survived completely without major complications, except for one patient who developed a wound infection. CONCLUSIONS: With a skin flap that was perfused by a direct cutaneous vessel, saphenous artery, and innerved by the saphenous nerve, the medial saphenous artery-based flap used in the modified BK amputation comprises one valuable alternative when conventional techniques are unsuitable.     

Pectoral skin flap as a reliable and simple model for vascularized composite skin transplantation research

In this study, the authors explored the feasibility of transplanting a "pectoral skin flap" as an alternative model for composite skin allotransplantation research. Genetically inbred male Lewis rats (LEW; RT1l) (n = 13), weighing 250 to 300 gr, were used as recipients and Brown Norway rats (BN; RT1n) (n = 8) rats were used as donors. Five Brown Norway rats had bilateral and three had unilateral flap harvest with a total of 13 flap transplantations to Lewis rats. All flaps were transplanted to the groin regions of the recipients and microsurgical anastomoses with 10-0 nylon were performed between the axillary vessels of the flaps and the femoral vessels of the recipient animals. The mean operation time was 55 min, with an ischemia time of 25 min. All transplantations were successful immediately postoperatively. The recipient animals were treated with Cyclosporine A (16 mg/kg/day) from the day of the surgery for 1 week, and then discontinued. One flap developed infection at postoperative day 11 and one flap had partial (50 percent) necrosis. The early signs of rejection started 8 to 9 days after the cessation of the immunosuppressive treatment, and all flaps were acutely and uniformly rejected within 3 to 4 days. The feasibility of harvesting two flaps from one donor animal allowed saving donor animal lives and reducing donor-specific variables.     

超量扩张皮瓣修复大面积皮肤缺损

目的：讨论超量扩张皮瓣用于修复大面积缺损的可行性和风险。方法：24例患者置入83枚扩张器，进行超过额定容积的注水扩张。对注水过程、并发症和术后效果进行分析评价。结果：随扩张器注水增加，皮瓣面积也有增加。扩张皮瓣转移后成尊尚好，效果较满意，但是当超额定容积后并发症有所增多。结论：超量扩张是获得大面积皮瓣的有效方法，但应注意防治并发症。     

皮片及皮瓣移植治疗手瘢痕挛缩畸形体会

目的:对皮片及皮瓣移植术在手瘢痕挛缩畸形治疗中的疗效进行分析,证实该法确切的临床疗效。方法:以徐州仁慈医院整形美容科2010年3月~2012年3月收治的56例手瘢痕挛缩畸形患者为研究对象,用随机数字表法将其分为两组,每组28例。一组研究对象使用皮片及皮瓣移植术对瘢痕进行修复,为观察组;一组研究对象仅使用瘢痕切除和软组织松解术进行修复,为对照组。修复后对研究对象随访1年的瘢痕恢复情况及关节功能进行评价、比较及统计学分析。结果:观察组研究对象瘢痕修复良好24例,瘢痕基本消失3例,无显著改善1例,修复良好率为85.7%,高于对照组67.9%的修复良好率,且具有显著差异性(P<0.05);在关节功能恢复良好率的比较中观察组优于对照组,且具有显著差异性(P<0.05)。结论:皮片及皮瓣移植术应用于手瘢痕挛缩畸形治疗能够显著提高瘢痕修复良好率及关节功能恢复良好率,具有显著的疗效和重要的临床价值。     

皮瓣转移或移植修复小腿皮肤缺损

目的探讨小腿部皮肤缺损显微外科修复的方法.方法采用小腿内侧、外侧、前外侧肌间隙血管蒂皮瓣、腓肠肌皮瓣局部转移,股前外侧皮瓣、胸脐皮瓣、背阔肌皮瓣等移植修复小腿皮肤缺损,对合并骨缺损者采用小腿外侧骨皮瓣、肩胛骨皮瓣移植、髂骨皮瓣或骨瓣与皮瓣组合移植修复,根据受区的血管损伤情况设计四种血液循环重建方法.结果本组临床应用97例,33例带血管蒂皮瓣转移全部成活,64例游离皮瓣移植中7例术后出现血液循环危象,经探查4例成活,3例失败.结论皮瓣转移或移植是修复小腿部皮肤缺损的良好方法,但应根据创面修复原则及不同的伤情选择治疗方法.     

Intussusception of a transferred jejunal flap in cervical esophagus reconstruction

Although jejunal flaps have been used frequently for esophageal reconstruction, and the techniques for transfer, as well as subsequent modification, have been well described, a variety of complications still poses problems for both physicians and patients. The challenge exists in avoidance and management of complications. The purpose of this report is to present an unusual but severe complication involving a jejunal flap that was transferred to the neck for esophageal reconstruction. Intussusception of the jejunal flap occurred 1 year after flap transfer due to redundancy of the transferred segment. The patient was a child who had esophageal reconstruction for severe dysphagia that was due to a previous history of radiation injury. The disorder was successfully treated surgically with manual reduction of the intussuscepted segment, followed by shortening of the jejunal flap to prevent future recurrence. One should keep in mind that redundancy of the reconstructed esophagus may cause dysphagia due to kinking or, in this case, intussusception, which may result in necrosis of a segment of the transferred jejunum. One of the measures that should be taken during the initial reconstruction to prevent these serious complications is to perform the final inset of the jejunal flap after revascularization. This allows for proper assessment of jejunal length, which undergoes a significant change after restoration of the vascular supply.     

Vaginoplasty in male transsexuals using penile skin and a urethral flap

OBJECTIVES: To describe and present the results of a one-stage vaginoplasty in male-to-female sex reassignment surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The present technique is based on penile disassembly and the use of all penile components for vaginoplasty (except the corpora cavernosa). The neovagina consists of two parts; a long vascularized urethral flap and a pedicled island tube skin flap created from the penile skin. The urethral flap is embedded into the skin tube. The tube, consisting of skin and the urethral flap, is inverted, thus forming the neovagina. The new vagina is inserted into the previously prepared perineal cavity between the urethra, bladder and rectum. The neovagina is then fixed to the sacrospinous ligament. The labia minora and majora are formed from remaining penile and scrotal skin. The new method was used in 89 patients (mean age 28 years, range 18-56) with a mean (range) follow-up of 4. 6 (0.25-6) years. RESULTS: Good cosmetic and functional results were obtained in 77 of the 89 patients (87%). Importantly, the neovagina produced in most patients was of satisfactory depth and width. There was only one major complication, a rectovaginal fistula caused by intraoperative injury to the rectum. CONCLUSIONS: The technique produces a vagina with more normal anatomical and physiological characteristics than those produced by other methods, as all the penile components are used (except for the corpora cavernosa) to form almost normal external female genitalia. Vaginoplasty using pedicled penile skin with a urethral flap is a good alternative to other methods of vaginoplasty in male-to-female sex reassignment surgery.     

应用小阴唇扩张皮瓣的阴道形成术

目的　探索应用软组织扩张器扩张小阴唇组织 ,以小阴唇扩张皮瓣行阴道形成术的方法。方法　选择 3cm× 5cm、5 0ml肾形扩张器 ,置入小阴唇内外侧壁之间及阴唇间沟 ,扩张小阴唇 ,以获取足够面积的小阴唇组织。于尿道膀胱与直肠间造穴 ,翻转蒂在阴唇后联合处的小阴唇双叶皮瓣 ,以小阴唇皮瓣衬覆阴道腔壁 ,完成阴道形成术 ;术后夜间佩带模具 3～ 6个月。结果　本组5例经术后 6个月～ 2年随访 ,4例已结婚 ,性生活满意 ;外阴形态正常 ,再造阴道外口大于 2横指 ,深度≥ 8cm ,具有感觉和分泌功能 ,接近生理需要。结论　应用软组织扩张器扩张小阴唇形成阴道是诸多阴道形成术中较为理想的方法 ,其损伤小 ,并发症少 ,再造阴道接近解剖及生理状态。     

阴股沟皮下蒂皮瓣Ⅰ期阴道成形术

目的探索阴道再造的理想方法。方法自1989年以来,我们设计了阴股沟皮下蒂皮瓣Ⅰ期阴道成形术。结果用于70例,皆获成功,效果满意。结论阴股沟皮瓣阴道成形术创伤小,操作简单,供区隐蔽,能保持外阴的正常形态,再造阴道具有感觉,以及足够的深度和宽敞度。本术式已趋成熟定型,易于推广,是一种较为理想的阴道再造方法。     

Face resurfacing using a cervicothoracic skin flap prefabricated by lateral thigh fascial flap and tissue expander

Background: Resurfacing of facial massive soft tissue defect is a formidable challenge because of the unique character of the region and the limitation of well‐matched donor site. In this report, we introduce a technique for using the prefabricated cervicothoracic skin flap for facial resurfacing, in an attempt to meet the principle of flap selection in face reconstructive surgery for matching the color and texture, large dimension, and thinner thickness (MLT) of the recipient. Materials: Eleven patients with massive facial scars underwent resurfacing procedures with prefabricated cervicothoracic flaps. The vasculature of the lateral thigh fascial flap, including the descending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex vessels and the surrounding muscle fascia, was used as the vascular carrier, and the pedicles of the fascial flap were anastomosed to either the superior thyroid or facial vessels in flap prefabrication. A tissue expander was placed beneath the fascial flap to enlarge the size and reduce the thickness of the flap. Results: The average size of the harvested fascia flap was 6.5 × 11.7 cm. After a mean interval of 21.5 weeks, the expanders were filled to a mean volume of 1,685 ml. The sizes of the prefabricated skin flaps ranged from 12 × 15 cm to 15 × 32 cm. The prefabricated skin flaps were then transferred to the recipient site as pedicled flaps for facial resurfacing. All facial soft tissue defects were successfully covered by the flaps. The donor sites were primarily closed and healed without complications. Although varied degrees of venous congestion were developed after flap transfers, the marginal necrosis only occurred in two cases. The results in follow‐up showed most resurfaced faces restored natural contour and regained emotional expression. Conclusion: MLT is the principle for flap selection in resurfacing of the massive facial soft tissue defect. Our experience in this series of patients demonstrated that the prefabricated cervicothoracic skin flap could be a reliable alternative tool for resurfacing of massive facial soft tissue defects. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2009.     

A novel technique for closing a tracheocutaneous fistula using a hinged skin flap

We present the case of a 73-year-old man with successful closure of a persistent tracheocutaneous tissue defect that resulted from poor wound healing after a temporary tracheostomy was performed during treatment for drug-induced anaphylactic shock. We repaired the tracheal defect using a cutaneous flap with its cutaneous surface positioned to cover the tracheal lumen. The advantage of our method is that it minimizes the suturing required and results in fewer problems with anastomotic insufficiency. This is a simple, rapid method for treating tracheocutaneous fistulas.     

Reconstruction of an Achilles tendon skin defect using a local fascial flap

We report a case in which a distally based fascial turnover flap supplied by the perforators of the posterior tibial and peroneal arteries was used to resurface a sizeable skin defect overlying the Tndo-Achilles. The flap can be raised easily with minimal donor site morbidity and provides a good gliding surface for the underlying tendon without adding unnecessary bulk.     

600例股前外侧皮瓣移植术的临床应用经验

目的总结股前外侧皮瓣移植术的临床应用经验。方法回顾分析1988至2003年间所开展600例625块股前外侧皮瓣移植手术的记录资料，对皮瓣的血管蒂及其血管变异类型、手术切口的操作顺序及皮瓣皮支缺如类型的改制等方面进行总结。结果皮瓣移植共625块，术中放弃移植7块，术后发生血管危象17例，经探查及相应处理后完全成活10例，部份坏死3例，完全坏死4例，成功率97．8％。皮瓣血管蒂以降支及外侧支为蒂者545块，以横支或高位皮支为蒂者45块，以降支、横支联合为蒂者10块，以其它血管为蒂者18块，无供血皮支或手术误伤7块，血管变异率仅占4．06％。结论股前外侧皮瓣移植成功率高、血管变异少，是修复四肢软组织缺损的优良供区。