术后确诊的小细胞肺癌联合放化疗疗效分析

目的回顾性总结及评价手术后确诊的小细胞肺癌（SCLC）患者44例联合放化疗治疗的疗效。方法44例SCLC患者中,Ⅰ期15例（34.1%）,Ⅱ期13例（29.6%）,Ⅲ期12例（27.3%）,Ⅳ期4例（9.1%）,除肺段切除1例外均行肺叶或全肺切除,术后均用＂依托泊苷＋顺铂或卡铂＂或＂紫杉醇＋顺铂或卡铂＂方案化疗4～8个疗程,分别随访1,3,5年生存率。结果44例小细胞肺癌（SCLC）患者的1,3,5年总的生存率分别为84.3%、48.2%和18.1%。Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期患者采用术后联合放、化疗,可以获得较好疗效,Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期患者首选手术对生存率无益。结论手术后联合放、化疗对Ⅰ～II期的SCLC具有良好的治疗效果。     

拓扑替康与顺铂联合化疗结合同步放疗治疗晚期食管癌37例疗效观察

目的：观察国产拓扑替康（金喜素）与顺铂联合化疗结合同步放疗治疗晚期食管癌的疗效。方法：拓扑替康0.75mg/m2与顺铂20mg/m2静脉滴注连用5d,21d为1周期,连用至少2周期,结合^60Co同步放射治疗食管原发灶及纵隔DT 61Gy/5＋W,锁骨上等转移灶DT 60Gy/6W,化疗结束后48h常规使用集落刺激因子G-CSF 150μg/d,连用7-10d,治疗结束后4周评价疗效。结果：37例可评价疗效的患者中,完全缓解（CR）18例,部分缓解（PR）10例,微效（MR）3例,5例无效或进展。总有效率为75.6%（28/37）,1年生存率为70.3%（26/37）,2年生存率为51.4%（19/37）,3年生存率为24.3%（9/37）。主要毒副反应为Ⅱ-Ⅲ度骨髓抑制、放射性食管反应、恶心、呕吐、便秘与脱发。结论：拓扑替康（金喜素）与顺铂联合化疗结合同步放疗治疗晚期食管癌的疗效好,毒副作用轻。     

Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌多学科综合治疗的临床效果

目的：比较同时放化疗加巩固化疗（CCT）和同时放化疗（CRT）对Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌的近远期疗效及不良反应.方法：57例Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌分为2组,CRT组（28例）采用多西他赛和顺铂每周化疗同时放疗,放疗采用三维适形放疗,化疗采用多西他赛30mg/m2和顺铂20mg/m2,每周重复,共5周,CCT组（29例）先按CRT组方案治疗结束后再加用多西他赛75mg/m2和顺铂75mg/m2巩固化疗,每3周重复,共2周期.结果：CCT组和CRT组有效率分别为68.9%和53.6%,1、2、3年生存率及中位生存期CCT组分别为64.5%、36.2%、17.3%和18个月,CRT组为48.6%、21.2%、10.7%和13个月,有统计学差异.两组不良反应CCT组血液学毒性较CRT组明显.结论：Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌患者同期放化疗后巩固性化疗可提高近期疗效、中位生存期,含紫杉类与顺铂的化疗方案可认为是最佳的选择,但其不良反应也明显增加,作为标准治疗仍需临床试验证实.     

上皮性卵巢癌Ⅲ期的综合治疗及预后分析

目的:探讨细胞减灭术及化疗对Ⅲ期卵巢上皮性癌的治疗效果及影响因素。方法:回顾性分析1997年11月~2002年11月在我院治疗的35例Ⅲ期卵巢上皮性癌的临床治疗,其中术后无残留灶者33例,有残留灶>2cm者2例,术后均采用PCA方案(顺铂、表柔比星、环磷酰胺)或TP方案(顺铂、紫杉醇)行腹腔、静脉联合化疗。结果:Ⅲ期卵巢上皮性癌总的5年生存率为11%。化疗疗程数<4次的1年、3年、5年生存率均显著小于化疗疗程数≥6次者,而复发率均分别高于化疗疗效数≥6次者;TP方案化疗组的1年、3年、5年生存率均显著高于CAP组,复发率显著低于CAP组。结论:经细胞减灭术后,有无肿瘤残留灶、术后化疗疗程数、方案均与预后有关,对复发性卵巢癌再次或多次手术切除孤立病灶对生存期延长有影响。     

多西他赛联合顺铂行食管癌新辅助化疗的疗效观察

背景与目的：单一采用手术治疗进展期食管癌的效果较差,通过新辅助治疗能否改善进展期食管癌患者的预后是近年来食管癌治疗研究的热点,但仍存在争议。本研究旨在探讨多西他赛联合顺铂在食管癌新辅助化疗中的价值。方法：以多西他赛联合顺铂行食管癌新辅助化疗患者49例为研究组,观察化疗的有效率;以同期行单纯手术患者50例为对照组,比较2组手术切除率及术后1年生存率。结果：研究组49例患者均完成2个疗程的化疗,有48例行手术治疗,客观缓解率ORR（CR＋PR）为59.2%（29例）,术前分期明显降低。对照组50例均顺利完成手术。研究组和对照组行根治性手术切除率差异存在统计学意义（P〈0.05）。新辅助化疗后获得客观缓解患者的术后1年生存率与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：多西他赛联合顺铂行食管癌新辅助化疗有助于降低术前分期,提高根治性手术切除率和新辅助化疗后获得客观缓解患者的1年生存率。     

健择联合顺铂30例Ⅲ期食管癌术后化疗应用

[目的]探讨Ⅲ期食管癌术后辅助化疗的方案。[方法]60例Ⅲ期食管癌患者术后随机以健择联合顺铂方案或5-Fu联合顺铂方案化疗。实验组30例，术后以健择联合顺铂方案化疗。对照组30例，术后以5-Fu联合顺铂方案化疗。观察实验组及对照组3年生存率。并按WHO毒性反应分级标准评价健择联合顺铂方案及5-Fu联合顺铂方案的毒副反应。[结果]实验组3年生存率46．7％（14／30），对照组3年生存率42．86％（12／28），差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。实验组毒副反应以血液系统为主，患者耐受性良好；对照组血液系统及消化系统毒性较明显，部分患者需中断化疗。[结论]健择联合顺铂方案在Ⅲ期食管癌术后辅助化疗方面有较轻的毒副反应，值得进一步研究。     

射频消融联合支气管动脉灌注化疗治疗中晚期非小细胞肺癌26例

[目的]评价射频消融联合吉西他滨、顺铂经支气管动脉灌注化疗治疗中晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效。[方法]26例中晚期非小细胞肺癌患者,采用吉西他滨、顺铂经支气管动脉化疗灌注化疗,于首次化疗后3周左右在CT引导下对病灶进行射频消融治疗1次,随访并记录术后3个月、半年、1年的有效率、生存率与生活质量。并与单纯采用吉西他滨、顺铂经支气管动脉灌注化疗的27例对照组患者进行有效率与生存率的比较。[结果]联合组术后3个月、半年、1年有效率/生存率分别为92.3%/100%、76.9%/96.2%、46.2%/84.6%,对照组有效率/生存率分别为85.2%/100%、63.0%/85.2%、25.9%/66.7%,联合治疗组有效率与生存率均明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）。联合组生活质量高于对照组（P〈0.05）。[结论]射频消融联合吉西他滨、顺铂经支气管动脉灌注化疗治疗中晚期非小细胞肺癌具有较好的临床疗效,是一种较为理想、安全有效的综合性治疗手段。     

健择与诺维本联合顺铂方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床评价

目的；研究健择，诺维本，顺铂三药联合治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床应用价值。方法：30例Ⅲ期及Ⅳ期的非小细胞肺癌患者接受健择，诺维本及顺铂方案化疗后观察其疗效，副作用及生存期。结果：30例患者化疗3-6个周期后，Ⅲ期及Ⅳ期的有效率分别为65%和30%，总有效率为53.3%。中位生存期为12个月，Ⅲ期及Ⅳ期的1年生存率为65%和20%，总的1年生存率为50%，副作用主要为Ⅱ-Ⅳ度的骨髓抑制及Ⅰ-Ⅱ度的消化道反应。结论：健择，诺维本，顺铂联合化疗方案可有效地提高晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效，延长生存期，改善生活质量。     

手术切除不完全的Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌多学科综合治疗的探讨

目的：探讨多学科综合治疗对手术切除不完全的Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌的生存影响。方法：分析46例手术切除不完全的Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌患者（ⅢA32例，ⅢB14例）的远期疗效，比较术后化疗和术后化放疗对生存期的影响。结果：全组的中位生存期，1年，2年和3年生存率分别为15个月，69．6％，26．1％和13．1％；术后化疗组分别为15个月，65．2％，18．2％和9．1％，而术后化放疗组则分别为18．5个月，73．9％，34．8％和17．4％。两组的生存率无显著差别（P＞0．05）。结论：手术切除不完全的Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌经多学科综合治疗后生存率提高；与术后化疗相比，术后化放疗并不能显著延长生存率。     

平消胶囊配合化疗治疗中晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床研究

目的：观察平消胶囊配合化疗治疗中晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的疗效及毒副反应.方法：对118例中晚期非小细胞肺癌随机分组,治疗组用平消胶囊配合金喜素加顺铂（TP）方案化疗,对照组单用TP方案化疗.结果：治疗组有效率为63.49%,对照组为43.63%,两组对比有差异性（P＜0.05）.治疗组Ⅲ～Ⅳ度白细胞下降率为42.86%,血小板下降率为17.46%;对照组Ⅲ～Ⅳ度白细胞下降率85.45%,血小板下降率为38.18%,两组对比,也有明显差异性（P＜0.05）.结论：平消胶囊配合化疗既能增加疗效,又具有保护骨髓作用,值得临床应用.     

Compliance with guidelines and correlation with outcome in patients with advanced germ-cell tumours

PurposeTo evaluate prior compliance with guidelines in patients treated with salvage chemotherapy for advanced germ-cell tumours (GCT).Patients and methodsData concerning the initial management of patients requiring salvage chemotherapy for GCT at Institut Gustave Roussy between 2000 and 2010 were obtained and correlated with recommendations for treatment. Criteria of non-compliance were defined based on guidelines. Compliance with guidelines, predictive factors for non-compliance and the impact on outcome were analysed.ResultsAmong 82 patients treated in the salvage setting, guidelines to initial treatment were followed in only 41 cases (50%). The most common non-compliance criteria were non-adherence to the planned dose (16%), an inappropriate interval between first-line chemotherapy cycles (16%), the lack of post-chemotherapy surgery (16%) and a long interval to post-chemotherapy surgery (48%). Compliance with standard care was better in cancer centres than in other hospitals (private or public) (Odd Ratio (OR): 6.9, P = 0.001). A poor-risk status according to the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) was also predictive of compliance in univariate but not in multivariate analysis. No significant difference in outcome after salvage chemotherapy was observed. Patients relapsing after non-compliant first-line therapy tended to be more easily salvaged, which is consistent with the fact that their initial treatment was inadequate. Some of these relapses were therefore probably not due to true biologically refractory disease.ConclusionGuidelines for first-line treatment are adhered to in only half the patients requiring salvage chemotherapy. As the only predictive factor for non-compliance was the treating centre, centralisation of patients with GCT in well-trained hospitals should be recommended.     

Costs associated with complications are lower with capecitabine than with 5‐fluorouracil in patients with colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND:

Capecitabine, an oral alternative to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), has equal clinical efficacy and a favorable safety profile; however, its use may be limited because of unit cost concerns. In this study, the authors measured the cost of chemotherapy‐related complications during treatment with capecitabine‐ and 5‐FU–based regimens.

METHODS:

Patients with CRC who received at least 1 administration of capecitabine or 5‐FU during 2004 and 2005 were identified from the Thomson MarketScan research databases. Monthly frequency and cost for 23 complications were recorded. Logistic regression was used to predict complication probability. General linear models were used to predict monthly complication cost and total monthly expenditure.

RESULTS:

In total, 4973 patients with CRC met the inclusion criteria for this analysis. Although the most frequently observed complications were the same between capecitabine and 5‐FU (nausea and vomiting, infection, anemia, neutropenia, diarrhea), each was observed with greater frequency in 5‐FU–based regimens. The mean predicted monthly complication cost was significantly higher (by 136%) with 5‐FU monotherapy than with capecitabine monotherapy (difference, $601; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], $469‐$737). In addition, the mean predicted monthly complication cost for 5‐FU+oxaliplatin was higher than the cost with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (difference, $1165; 95% CI, $892‐$1595). When acquisition, administration, and complication costs were taken into consideration, there were no significant differences in the total cost between capecitabine regimens and 5‐FU regimens.

CONCLUSIONS:

Capecitabine compared well with 5‐FU–based therapy in patients with CRC and was associated with lower complication rates and associated costs. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.     

Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs

JOHNSTON S.R.D. (2010) European Journal of Cancer Care 19 , 561–563 Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs     

Experience with Impedance Phlebography Compared with Venography

Venography is a particularly reliable method for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis but is not suitable as a screening test. Impedance phlebography represents another attempt to discover a simple, non-invasive and reliable method of detecting deep venous thrombosis. It does not, however, meet these criteria.     

再放疗并同步使用Docetaxel在鼻咽癌放疗后复发病人中的应用

目的:不能手术切除的鼻咽癌放疗后再复发的病人,其治疗困难,化疗疗效差,而单独再放疗只能挽救一小部分病人,本文探讨再放疗并同步使用多西紫彬醇(Docetaxel)在鼻咽癌首次放疗后复发病人中可行性及毒副反应,并评价其疗效。方法:对11例鼻咽癌足量放疗后经组织病理学证实复发、而无法行手术及腔内放疗的患者进行了同步放化疗。放疗采用三维适形放疗,外照射鼻咽部,分次量为1.8Gy,总剂量为36Gy-39.6Gy。化疗采用Docetaxel,15mg/m2,每周一次,静脉滴注。结果:10%、33%的患者分别出现Ⅲ度、Ⅳ度皮肤反应,18%、10%的病人分别出现Ⅲ度、Ⅳ度黏膜反应,18%患者出现Ⅲ度恶心呕吐,27%的患者出现Ⅲ度-Ⅳ度白细胞下降,10%患者出现Ⅲ度血小板下降。1例患者因严重的黏膜反应致使治疗延迟2周。治疗结束后,9例(82%)患者达到CR,2例(18%)达到PR,反应率为100%。结论:对于放疗后局部复发的鼻咽癌患者,采用同步放化疗,3D-CRT同时每周使用Docetaxel是可行的,其毒性反应在可以接受的范围内,短期疗效显著。     

Protothecosis successfully treated with amikacin combined with tetracyclines

Summary We report a case of protothecosis in an 18-year-old female student caused by Prototheca zopfii successfully treated with amikacin combined with tetracyclines. Zusammenfassung Es wird über eine Protothecose, verursacht durch Prototheca zopfii, bei einer 18-j?hrigen Studentin berichtet, die erfolgreich mit Amikacin in Kombination mit Tetracyclinen behandelt wurde.