血浆纤维蛋白原、血脂水平和冠心病的关系

目的探讨血浆纤维蛋白原(Fib)、血脂水平与冠心病的关系。方法收集59例经冠状动脉造影证实为冠心病的患者,22例经冠状动脉造影证实无冠状动脉病变的对照者,测定其血浆Fib和血清胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)。根据冠状动脉造影结果将冠心病组分为1支、2支和3支病变组,观察其Fib及TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C的水平及与冠状动脉病变程度的关系。血浆Fib水平与血脂进行回归分析。结果冠心病组的血浆Fib及TC、LDL-C明显高于对照组(P<0.05),HDL-C低于对照组(P<0.05),Fib、TC和LDL-C水平随冠状动脉病变支数增加而升高(P<0.05)。Fib、TC和LDL-C冠状动脉狭窄分数相关(r=0.666、0.378和0.429P<0.001)。Fib和LDL-C相关(r=0.534P<0.01)。结论血浆Fib水平的升高及血脂异常和冠心病有密切关系,并且和冠状动脉病变程度相关。血浆Fib水平和LDL-C相关。     

绝经后女性高血压并发不稳定型心绞痛患者血清脂蛋白(a)水平的变化

目的:研究女性高血压并发不稳定型心绞痛患者血清脂蛋白(a)[Lp(a)]水平的变化。方法:对124例拟诊为不稳定型心绞痛的女性高血压患者分别测定血总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和Lp(a)水平,并行选择性冠状动脉造影明确诊断。结果:冠状动脉造影确诊为冠心病者77例(冠心病组),血清TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C和Lp(a)水平分别为(6·11±1·15)、(1·89±1·06)、(3·92±1·31)、(1·04±0·25)mmol/L和(279·84±309·31)mg/L。冠状动脉造影除外冠心病者(对照组)47例,血清TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C和Lp(a)水平分别为(5·59±1·02)、(1·85±0·78)、(3·08±0·71)、(1·20±0·59)mmol/L和(187·13±145·42)mg/L。冠心病组血清TC、TG、LDL-C和HDL-C水平与对照组比较差异无统计学意义,而Lp(a)较对照组显著升高(P<0·05)。Lp(a)水平与TC和LDL-C呈正相关。结论:女性高血压并发不稳定型心绞痛患者血清Lp(a)水平升高。     

肺癌患者血脂代谢特点及其临床意义

目的分析肺癌患者的血脂代谢特点及血脂水平与肺癌临床特征关系。方法收集2015年1月至2021年6月在江苏省人民医院入院治疗的460例肺癌患者临床特征及血脂实验室检查结果, 主要包括:总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、脂蛋白(a)[LP(a)], 同时选取460例健康体检者为对照组。运用SPSS26.0比较各组间血脂水平并对其与临床特征的相关性进行分析。结果与对照组相比, 肺癌患者TC、HDL-C、LDL-C明显降低, LP(a)水平升高(均P<0.05)。不同病理类型肺癌患者血脂水平存在一定差异, 与鳞癌患者相比, 腺癌患者血清TC、HDL-C、LDL-C水平明显升高, 差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);小细胞肺癌组与鳞癌相比, 血清HDL-C明显升高(P<0.05);腺癌患者与小细胞肺癌患者之间血清TC、TG、HDL-C及LDL-C水平差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。TC水平升高时, 肺癌发生的风险减少(OR=0.692, 95%CI:0.509～0.941);而LP(a)水平升高时...     

高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与老年冠心病的相关性

目的分析高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)与老年冠心病的相关性。方法对疑似冠心病的老年患者330例进行冠脉造影检查,根据冠脉造影将患者分为冠心病组(258例)及对照组(72例),检测两组HDL-C、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平。结果冠心病组血清HDL-C显著低于对照组(P<0.05),TC及LDL-C显著高于对照组(P<0.05);冠心病组随着冠状动脉病变支数的增加,HDL-C逐渐下降(P<0.05),而TC及LDL-C逐渐升高(P<0.05);330例个体HDL-C正常者冠心病检出率显著低于HDL-C降低者(56.1%vs 96.2%,P<0.01);HDL-C、TC及LDL-C与冠状动脉病变严重程度显著相关(P<0.05)。结论 HDL-C参与冠心病的发生,且与病变严重程度显著相关,可作为判定冠心病患者病情严重程度的指标之一。     

脂蛋白a水平与冠脉病变的相关性研究

目的:通过对冠心病患者的血脂水平进行监测,阐明各种血脂指标对冠心病危险因素的预测价值。方法:行冠状动脉造影术的患者,其中冠心病79例,男39例,女40例,对照组61例,男26例,女35例,测定其总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)及脂蛋白 a(Lpa)水平。结果:冠心病患者TC、TG、LDL和HDL水平与对照组无明显差异,Lpa水平较对照组明显升高(P<0.05),Lpa水平与冠状动脉狭窄程度呈正相关(r=0.90,P<0.01)。结论:Lpa与冠状动脉粥样硬化范围及程度相关。     

老年冠心病患者高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与冠状动脉狭窄程度的相关性

目的 评价高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)与老年冠心病(CHD)患者冠状动脉狭窄程度的相关性.方法 选择行冠脉造影的住院患者279例,其中临床确诊为CHD患者228例,用Gensini评分系统对冠状动脉造影结果评分,按评分结果CHD患者分为轻度狭窄组、中度狭窄组和重度狭窄组,分别检测各组患者的总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、HDL-C、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),游离脂肪酸(FFA)、载脂蛋白A1(ApoA1)、载脂蛋白B(ApoB)、脂蛋白LP(a),进行one-way ANOVA检验和Logistic回归分析.结果 CHD组HDL-C、ApoA1较非CHD组显著降低,而TC和LDL-C显著增加,随冠脉狭窄严重程度的升高,TC水平升高而HDL-C水平降低.Logistic回归分析结果显示HDL-C与CHD及冠状动脉狭窄程度呈负相关,而TC与CHD及冠状动脉狭窄程度呈正相关.结论 HDL-C异常与老年CHD患者的关系密切,可作为老年CHD患者的独立危险因素.     

脂蛋白a水平与冠脉病变的相关性研究

目的通过对冠心病患者的血脂水平进行监测,阐明各种血脂指标对冠心病危险因素的预测价值.方法行冠状动脉造影术的患者,其中冠心病79例,男39例,女40例,对照组61例,男26例,女35例,测定其总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)及脂蛋白a(Lpa)水平.结果冠心病患者TC、TG、LDL和HDL水平与对照组无明显差异,Lpa水平较对照组明显升高(P＜0.05),Lpa水平与冠状动脉狭窄程度呈正相关(r=0.90,P＜0.01).结论Lpa与冠状动脉粥样硬化范围及程度相关.     

血清胆红素、尿酸及血脂与冠心病患者冠脉狭窄程度的相关性研究

目的 探讨血清胆红素、尿酸及血脂与冠心病(CHD)患者冠状动脉狭窄程度之间的关系.方法 抽取CHD患者与同期健康对照组清晨空腹静脉,检测血清胆红素、尿酸(uric acid,UA)、血脂.所有患者均行冠状动脉造影检查,并计算Gensini积分.结果 与对照组相比,CHD组血清总胆红素(total bilirubin,TBIL)、直接胆红素(direct bilirubin,DBIL)、间接胆红素(indirect bilirubin,IBIL)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)浓度明显低于对照组(P<0.01);CHD组血清尿酸、总胆固醇(TC)、血清三酰甘油(triglyceride,TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平明显高于对照组(P<0.01);血清TBIL、DBIL、IBIL、HDL-C水平随着Gensini积分的增加而降低,呈负相关(P<0.01),血清UA、TC、TG、LDL-C水平随着Gensini积分的增加而升高,呈正相关(P<0.01).结论 血清胆红素浓度降低、尿酸升高、血脂异常与冠状动脉狭窄程度密切相关,对CHD患者冠脉病变程度的预测有一定的价值.     

急性心肌梗死患者血脂变化分析

目的分析急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者发病2 d内血脂变化情况,观察高血压病、糖尿病患者血脂变化规律。方法收集160例冠心病患者,其中80例AMI患者,合并高血压病46例,合并糖尿病32例;80例稳定型心绞痛(SAP)患者,合并高血压病48例,合并糖尿病36例。测定两组患者入院2 d内血清三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、脂蛋白LP(a)水平,进行比较,并观察高血压病、糖尿病患者血脂的变化。结果 AMI组发病2 d内TC、LDL-C水平明显低于SAP组(P<0.05),TG、LP(a)、HDL-C水平两组间无统计学意义。高血压病组和糖尿病组TG、TC、LDL-C水平均高于非高血压病和非糖尿病组,但LP(a)、HDL-C水平无统计学意义。结论在急性心肌梗死患者中血脂水平存在动态变化,早期可能出现一过性降低,故不能作为临床调脂治疗的依据。高血压病、糖尿病患者存在血脂异常。     

吸烟与男性急性冠状动脉综合征患者高敏C反应蛋白、脂蛋白(a)及血脂水平的关系

目的研究吸烟与男性急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者血浆高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、脂蛋白(a)[LP(a)]和血脂水平的关系。方法纳入2016年1月至2017年1月中国人民解放军武汉总医院心内科收治的男性ACS患者181例,其中不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)66例、急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死(NSTEMI)60例、急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)55例。收集吸烟、饮酒情况并测定血浆hs-CRP、LP(a)、血脂[三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)]水平。分析不同吸烟情况下[非吸烟组(A组)、已戒烟组(B组)、吸烟组(C组)]男性ACS患者的血浆hs-CRP、LP(a)及血脂水平差异,并进行亚组分析。结果 (1)3组间年龄、体质指数(BMI)、饮酒情况、收缩压、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白水平差异均无统计学意义(均为P0.05);3组间hs-CRP、HDL-C水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(均为P0.001),而LP(a)、TG、TC和LDL-C水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(均为P0.05);3组间冠状动脉造影及支架情况差异无统计学意义(均为P0.05);(2)亚组分析显示,在NSTEMI和STEMI患者中,3组间的hs-CRP水平差异有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01),且hs-CRP水平呈上升趋势,而在UAP患者中3组差异无统计学意义(均为P0.05);在STEMI患者中,3组间的HDL-C水平差异有统计学意义(均为P0.01),且HDL-C水平呈下降趋势,而在UAP和NSTEMI患者中差异均无统计学意义(均为P0.05)。结论不同吸烟情况与男性ACS患者血浆hs-CRP、HDL-C水平密切相关,而与LP(a)、TG、TC、LDL-C水平无关,吸烟能导致hs-CRP水平升高,HDL-C水平降低,而戒烟能很大程度地改善hs-CRP、HDL-C水平。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.