细针抽吸细胞学检查诊断甲状腺结节56例

1990～1994年,我们对56例甲状腺结节以细针穿刺抽吸并进行细胞学检查。男8例,女48例;年龄11～71岁。术前细针抽吸细胞学检查(下称术前)诊断为良性结节50例(均为甲状腺腺瘤),恶性结节6例(甲状腺乳头癌3例,甲状腺虑泡癌、甲状腺髓样癌、纤维肉瘤各1例)。56例均行手术及病理学检查(下称术后)。术前诊断为良性结节     

甲状腺结节细针抽吸细胞学与粗针穿刺组织学检查的对比研究

目的对比细针抽吸细胞学与粗针穿刺组织学检查,探讨其对甲状腺结节性质的诊断意义及其临床应用价值。方法选取我院64例甲状腺结节患者行细针抽吸细胞学与粗针穿刺组织学检查,以术后病理为金标准,对比研究64例甲状腺结节患者细胞学、组织病理学结果与术后病理结果。结果细针抽吸细胞学检查结果的准确率为84.4%;粗针穿刺组织学检查结果的准确率为90.6%;细针抽吸细胞学检查结果与粗针穿刺组织学检查结果经配对χ2检验,P=0.125>0.05,无统计学意义,细针抽吸细胞学与粗针穿刺组织学检查无显著性差异。结论细针抽吸细胞学与粗针穿刺组织学检查在诊断甲状腺结节性质方面均具有较高的准确性,但粗针穿刺组织学检查在临床实践中应用更为广泛。     

常规超声与B超引导下穿刺细胞学检查在诊断小病灶甲状腺结节中的对比

目的探讨超声引导下细针穿刺细胞学检查应用于小病灶甲状腺结节诊断的价值。方法小病灶甲状腺结节患者80例,对研究对象进行超声引导下细针穿刺细胞学检查和超声检查。以手术病理学检查或者随访结果作为金标准,判定超声引导下细针穿刺细胞学检查和超声检查对于小病灶甲状腺结节诊断的灵敏度和特异度。结果超声引导下细针穿刺细胞学检查结果显示,患者中良性56例,恶性15例,可疑恶性5例,取材不满意4例。金标准检查结果证实,良性结节62例,恶性结节18例。排除4例取材不满意的患者,超声引导下细针穿刺细胞学检查诊断灵敏度为98.75%,特异度为96.67%,超声检查的灵敏度为72.22%,特异度为96.36%,超声引导下细针穿刺细胞学检查的灵敏度和特异度均显著高于超声检查(P<0.05)。结论超声引导下细针穿刺细胞学检查对小病灶甲状腺结节具有较高的诊断灵敏度和特异度,值得推广应用。     

超声引导下细针穿刺细胞学检查在糖尿病患者甲状腺结节检查中的应用价值

目的探讨糖尿病患者甲状腺结节的诊断中超声引导下细针穿刺细胞学的使用价值。方法选取2017年1—12月间该院收治的糖尿病伴甲状腺结节患者共68例,分别对其行超声及超声引导下细针穿刺细胞学检查,以术后病理诊断为金标准,对比观察不同检查方法的良、恶性检出率、灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值。结果经术后病理证实,68例糖尿病伴甲状腺结节患者中37例为良性,31例为恶性,超声扫描检查出良性24例,恶性20例,其余24例未能明确性质,检出率为64.7%,细针穿刺细胞学检出良性33例,恶性26例,其余9例未能明确性质,检出率为86.8%,两者对比超声引导下细针穿刺细胞学明显优于普通超声扫描,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);超声检查灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值均明显低于细针穿刺细胞学检查,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对糖尿病伴甲状腺结节患者行超声引导下细针穿刺细胞学检查灵敏度、特异度较高,可为临床治疗提供依据。     

1201例患者甲状腺细针穿刺临床病理分析

目的 评价甲状腺细针穿刺的临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析1201例患者甲状腺细针穿刺的临床资料及其细胞病理诊断结果,临床资料包括甲状腺功能化验、甲状腺自身抗体检测以及甲状腺超声检查等.细胞病理诊断分为4类:未诊断,良性病变,可疑恶性和恶性.结果 1201例甲状腺细针穿刺的患者中,未诊断者114例(9.5%),良性病变者999例(83.2%),可疑恶性者67例(5.6%),诊断恶性者21例(1.7%).良性病变中占首位的是桥本甲状腺炎,共有468例,占良性病变的46.8%.细胞病理诊断桥本甲状腺炎的患者中,单结节占18.3%,甲状腺自身抗体阴性率为10.8%,甲状腺毒症占20.9%.在诊断恶性并行手术的17例患者中,16例手术后组织病理检查均为甲状腺癌.诊断恶性的准确率为94.1%.结论 甲状腺细针穿刺是甲状腺疾病诊断和鉴别诊断的可靠方法 .     

超声在甲状腺结节处理中的价值:123例甲状腺结节患者超声声像图分析

目的 评估超声在鉴别甲状腺良、恶性结节及制定结节处理方案中的作用.方法对123例甲状腺结节患者的146个结节行甲状腺超声及细针抽吸活检(FNAB),细胞学检查结果为恶性或可疑恶性者接受手术治疗,对超声、FNAB及手术病理进行对比分析.结果在146个结节中,43个结节由组织学诊断为恶性,102个结节主要由临床及细胞学诊断为良性.1个结节细胞学诊断为可疑恶性但失访.甲状腺结节低回声、边界不清、形态不规则、微钙化以及结节内部血流丰富等超声特征多见于恶性结节(P＜0.05).性别、年龄以及甲状腺结节数目、大小在良、恶结节中无明显差别.单独利用各项超声恶性征象筛选行FNAB的恶性甲状腺结节,准确性不足,漏诊恶性率大于25%,在具备上述超声恶性征象中任意一项或两项以上的结节中行FNAB,能够显著减少行FNAB例数,漏诊恶性率小于10%.结论联合各种超声特点,能够初步筛选行FNAB的高危甲状腺癌患者,减少实施FNAB例数,提高成本/效益比.     

甲状腺结节268例临床及病理分析

目的对268例因甲状腺结节住院手术治疗的患者资料进行回顾性分析。方法本组共研究268例于2003年8月至2008年8月在我院外科因甲状腺结节住院手术治疗且甲状腺功能正常的患者,对所有患者的临床、实验室检查及病理资料进行回顾性分析。结果268例中222例为结节性甲状腺肿（83.8%）,其中121例为单纯性结节性甲状腺肿,101例为结节性甲状腺肿伴出血、囊性变或腺瘤样增生。恶性肿瘤17例,其中甲状腺乳头状腺癌14例（5.2%）,甲状腺滤泡癌2例,甲状腺髓样癌1例。恶性肿瘤患者年龄多在30～49岁,均为查体发现。14例恶性肿瘤超声为低回声实性单结节,6例扫描冷结节。其余病例分别为甲状腺腺瘤、桥本氏病。结论本组甲状腺结节手术病例以良性疾病,尤其结节性甲状腺肿占多数。B超为低回声实性单发结节且扫描为冷结节者恶性可能性大。对无症状且甲状腺功能正常的甲状腺结节,应结合多种辅助检查综合判断结节性质,争取行甲状腺细针抽吸细胞学检查明确诊断,减少良性结节患者不必要的手术。     

甲状腺癌的早期诊断方法探讨

甲状腺结节常见，但因多无症状而不易早期发现，而且区分良恶性有一定难度。1997年3月至2003年8月，我们对随机抽取的9450例工人、教师、医务人员及机关干部进行了甲状腺普查。首先进行手法触诊，对甲状腺肿大者行B超检查．结节较大者行细针穿刺细胞学检查。结节微小者采用B超引导下细针穿刺细胞学检查，对疑诊甲状腺癌者行手术及术后病理检查，并进行了对比分析，以探讨甲状腺癌的早期诊断方法。     

甲状腺细针穿刺细胞病理学诊断甲状腺乳头状癌相关病例的临床观察

目的:研究甲状腺结节细针穿刺细胞病理学诊断甲状腺乳头状癌相关病例的临床观察.方法:本研究选取2018年12月—2020年01月在巴州医院接受甲状腺结节细针穿刺(FNAC)病理诊断198例受检者作为研究对象,198位患者均行甲状腺结节细针穿刺细胞病理学诊断,其中良性结节160例,每3-6月复查甲状腺彩超,恶性结节(均提示...     

高频超声联合TSH检测对甲状腺囊实性结节良恶性的诊断价值

目的分析高频超声联合血清促甲状腺激素(TSH)检测对甲状腺囊实性结节良恶性的诊断价值。方法选取符合甲状腺囊实性结节诊断标准的247例患者纳入实验。以甲状腺手术病理活检或细针穿刺抽吸病理活检的结果为"金标准";高频超声从甲状腺实质回声、结节回声边界、形态、纵横比、结节与甲状腺被膜的关系、结节内是否钙化及钙化类型、声晕、结节血流分布特征等方面对患者进行评估;并通过检测血清TSH水平,分析高频超声联合TSH检测对甲状腺囊实性结节良恶性的诊断价值。结果经过病理检查确诊的良性甲状腺囊实性结节159例,恶性甲状腺囊实性结节88例;高频超声检查对甲状腺囊实性结节良恶性的诊断灵敏度为76.10%、特异性65.91%、良性预测值80.13%及恶性预测值60.42%,与病理活检检测比较Kappa值=0.429,一致性一般;高频超声联合血清TSH表达水平检测对甲状腺囊实性结节良恶性的诊断灵敏度为90.57%、特异性89.77%、良性预测值94.12%及恶性预测值84.04%,与病理活检检测比较Kappa值=0.791,一致性较好;相较于高频超声检测,高频超声联合血清TSH表达水平检测对于甲状腺囊实性结节良恶性的诊断灵敏度、特异性、良性预测值及恶性预测值比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论高频超声联合血清TSH表达水平检测对于甲状腺囊实性结节良恶性的诊断价值高于仅使用高频超声检测。提示针对甲状腺囊实性结节良恶性的术前评估,高频超声联合血清TSH表达水平检测具有更高的诊断价值。     

The usefulness of 99mTc-SestaMIBI scan in the diagnostic evaluation of thyroid nodules with oncocytic cytology

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relevance of (99m)Tc-SestaMIBI (MIBI) scan in the diagnostic evaluation of thyroid nodules with oncocytic cytology. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty-four patients with a single (or prevalent) 'cold' solid nodule with Hurthle cells (HC) at fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) were studied. Cytological diagnosis of oncocytic metaplasia (OM) or HC tumor (HCT) was made when HC on the smear were comprised 10-75%, or >75%. Nodules concentrating MIBI at early and late (2 h after washout) stages were considered MIBI-positive. In all cases histological findings were obtained after total thyroidectomy. RESULTS: FNAC was malignant or suspect for malignancy in 16 cases (six HCT and 10 OM) and not suspect in eight (two HCT and six OM). Histological examination revealed 14 malignant tumors (11 HCT and three OM), and 10 benign thyroid lesions (three HCT and seven OM). Sensitivity of FNAC for malignancy was 92.8% and specificity was 70.0%; HCT were identified by FNAC in only 35.7% and OM in 70.0% of cases. No significant difference in MIBI positivity was found between malignant and benign thyroid nodules. The highest percentage of MIBI positivity was found in HCT (78.5%), but MIBI-positive nodules were also observed in thyroid lesions with HC metaplasia (40.0%). CONCLUSIONS: MIBI scintiscan has no value in differentiating malignant from benign HC thyroid neoplasias. Most HCT are MIBI-positive, but this scan is not sufficiently specific to differentiate true HC neoplasias from other thyroid lesions showing HC at FNAC, although an MIBI-negative scan strongly supports the absence of true HCT.     

体检发现的甲状腺结节的临床病理研究

目的 探讨体检发现的甲状腺结节甲状腺细针穿刺细胞学(FNAC)检查结果与甲状腺超声检查、组织病理结果之间的关系,分析结节的病因,评估甲状腺癌发生的危险性及FNAC的临床诊断价值.方法 分析体检发现的271例甲状腺结节患者甲状腺FNAC诊断结果,并与甲状腺超声检查、组织病理结果进行比较.结果 (1)FNAC显示,恶性及可疑恶性病变分别为1.48%和5.90%,良性病变占78.60%,以甲状腺肿(29.15%)、桥本甲状腺炎(26.57%)、甲状腺腺瘤(15.13%)多见.(2)FNAC诊断结果与甲状腺超声检查结果比较,96例单发结节FNAC诊断为恶性、可疑恶性的百分比分别为3.12%、7.29%;137例多发结节恶性、可疑恶性的百分比分别为0.73%、6.57%.108例直径≤1.5 cm结节恶性、可疑恶性的百分比分别为0.93%、7.41%;125例直径＞1.5 cm结节恶性、可疑恶性的百分比分别为2.40%、6.42%.99例实性结节恶性、可疑恶性的百分比分别为2.02%、12.12%;85例囊实性或囊性结节恶性、可疑恶性的百分比分别为2.35%、2.35%.仅实性结节可疑恶性的百分比高于囊性或囊实性结节(P=0.013).(3)24例FNAC结果与组织病理学结果比较,FNAC的诊断准确率75.00%,假阳性率25.00%,假阴性率0%.结论 体检发现的甲状腺结节的主要病因是甲状腺肿、桥本甲状腺炎和甲状腺腺瘤;FNAC检查是鉴别良、恶性甲状腺结节的一种高准确率的可靠方法;甲状腺超声检查检出的单发、实性、大结节任何单一因素不足以增加甲状腺癌的预测性.     

Evaluation of insulin-like growth factor II, cyclooxygenase-2, ets-1 and thyroid-specific thyroglobulin mRNA expression in benign and malignant thyroid tumours

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated three markers (insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and ets-1) of thyroid growth stimulation and cell transformation together with a thyroid-specific marker (thyroglobulin (Tg)) for their potential to differentiate benign and malignant follicular thyroid neoplasia (FN). DESIGN AND METHODS: mRNA expression levels were determined by real-time PCR in 100 snap-frozen thyroid samples: 36 benign thyroid nodules with different histology and function (19 cold (CTN) and 17 toxic thyroid nodules (TTN)), 36 corresponding normal thyroid tissues of the same patients, eight Graves' disease (GD) thyroids, 10 follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTC) and 10 papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC). RESULTS: Mean IGF-II and COX-2 levels were not significantly altered between benign and malignant thyroid nodules (IGF-II) or nodular (FTC, TTN, CTN) and normal thyroid tissues (COX-2). In contrast, eight- to tenfold upregulation of ets-1 was observed in PTC and three- to fourfold upregulation of ets-1 was observed in FTC (and GD) compared with benign thyroid nodules and normal thyroid tissues. In addition, thyroglobulin mRNA expression was markedly downregulated (50- to 100-fold) in FTC, PTC and GD samples compared with benign nodular and normal thyroid tissues. Hence an ets-1/Tg ratio >20 distinguished differentiated thyroid cancer from benign nodular or normal thyroid tissue. We then studied ets1- and Tg mRNA expression levels in fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) samples. However, in a consecutive series of 40 FNAC samples only equivocal results were obtained on 38 benign and two malignant (FTC) thyroid tumour samples. CONCLUSIONS: Upregulation of ets-1 and downregulation of Tg mRNA expression occur in differentiated thyroid cancer and may facilitate pre-operative identification of thyroid malignancy depending on further evaluation of these potentially promising markers in a larger series of benign and malignant thyroid tumours and their FNAC samples.     

Prevalence of RET/PTC rearrangement in benign and malignant thyroid nodules and its clinical application

Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is the primary means to distinguish benign thyroid nodules from malignant ones. About 20% of FNAC yields indeterminate results leading to unnecessary or delayed surgery. Many studies of tissue samples, the majority of which are retrospective advocate testing for RET rearrangements as a diagnostic adjunctive tool in thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytological findings. Because of the uncertain prevalence of RET rearrangements, its utility as a tumor marker is still controversial. The goal of this study was to establish the prevalence and the utility of testing for RET rearrangements in FNAC suspicious of cancer in a clinical setting. In this prospective study, we analysed a large series of thyroid aspirates by RT-PCR only and Southern blot on RT-PCR products for type 1 and 3 RET rearrangements. Results were compared with clinical findings, cytological diagnosis and final histopathology. By the higher sensitive Southern-blot on RT-PCR method, RET rearrangements were present in 36% of papillary thyroid carcinomas (RET/PTC-1, 12%; RET/PTC-3, 20%; both, 4%) and of 13.3% of benign nodules. By means of RT-PCR only, RET rearrangements were disclosed only in 14.3% of PTC and in 3.6% of benign nodules. No significant correlation was found between RET rearrangements and clinicopathological features of patients. These results indicate that molecular testing of thyroid nodules for RET/PTC must take into account of its high prevalence in benign nodules, inducing false positive diagnoses when the highly sensitive assay Southern-blot on RT-PCR is used. Its searching by means of RT-PCR only, has a specificity superior of conventional cytology and can be used to refine inconclusive FNAC.     

Immunohistochemical staining for thyroid peroxidase (TPO) of needle core biopsies in the diagnosis of scintigraphically cold thyroid nodules

Background  Cold thyroid nodules are common, in particular in iodine-deficient areas, but only a minority of them are malignant requiring surgery. Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) immunostaining of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) material has proven helpful in diagnosing cells from malignant lesions, but the procedure has its limitations in a routine setting.
Purpose  To improve diagnosis and reduce surgery rate, the FNAC procedure was replaced by needle core biopsy (NCB), which was routinely stained for TPO by the monoclonal antibody mAb 47.
Materials and methods  During a 5-year period 427 consecutive patients with a cold thyroid nodule were evaluated by ultrasound-guided NCB, which had been routinely stained for TPO in an automated immunostainer. Sensitivity and specificity and predictive values of the TPO immunostaining were estimated, based on the final diagnosis obtained from surgical resection.
Results  The majority of nodules with benign NCB diagnosis were not surgically removed, and thus a subgroup of 140 operated nodules formed the basis for the calculations. Sensitivity and specificity for benign and malignant lesions were 100% if the oxyphilic variant of adenomas and minimally invasive follicular carcinomas were excluded. By inclusion of these, the values fell to 89% and 97%, respectively. The predictive value of a positive test was 96% and the predictive value of a negative test was 97%.
Conclusion  TPO immunostaining was found to be a valuable adjunct to morphology in the diagnosis of cold thyroid nodules of the nonoxyphilic type.     

Value of repeat ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration in thyroid nodule with a first benign cytologic result: impact of ultrasound to predict malignancy

This study aimed to investigate the value of repeat ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNAC-US) in benign thyroid nodules and determine the ultrasound (US) predictors of malignancy in this group of nodules. The authors studied 35 of 143 nodules with initially benign cytological result who underwent serial re-biopsy (FNAC-US). By means of surgery, malignancy histology results were confirmed in 10 (28.5%) cases (G1) versus 25 (71.5%) benign nodules (G2). The clinical, lab, scintigraphyc, and US features were compared between the two groups to predict malignancy in thyroid nodules with initially benign cytological result. The cytological finding of 28/35 nodules were change to indeterminate cytology (Bethesda system category III or IV) at second and/or ≥third cytological study. In this group of 28 cases, 23 (82.1%) was identified until the third procedure. The interval between first and third re-biopsy was 13?months (median). There were no differences in age, gender, thyrotropin (TSH) levels, thyroid auto-antibodies, or thyroid dysfunctions. The scintigraphy showed cold nodule in 80% of G1 versus 78.9% of G2 (NS). Sonographic studies showed malignant suspected US features in G1: microcalcifications, central flow, hypoechogenicity, and border irregularity. This study suggests repeating FNAC-US in nodules with first benign cytologic result and suspicious US features of malignancy for at least two times (until the third FNAC) in about 13?months horizon.     

Complex thyroid nodules with nondiagnostic fine needle aspiration cytology: histopathologic outcomes and comparison of the cytologic variants (cystic vs. acellular)

Management of complex thyroid nodules (CTN) is a common dilemma due to their high prevalence and frequent nondiagnostic fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). In order to know the rate of malignancy, we reviewed our experience about histopathologic diagnosis of CTN with nondiagnostic FNAC, and we analyzed if cytological variants of nondiagnostic FNAC indicated different histopathologic outcomes. We conducted a review of 927 consecutive aspirations performed between 2003 and 2008. We selected patients without history of radiation, with echographic CTN, and nondiagnostic FNAC, who underwent surgery. We analyzed histopathologic results and compared patients with benign and malignant nodules, and searched for differences between patients with cystic changes in FNAC (C-FNAC), and patients with acellular or only bloody FNAC (A-FNAC). Thirty-six patients were included (mean age 45.7?±?13?years; 30 females). Four patients had malignant nodules; all were papillary carcinomas. Patients with benign nodules had a similar profile to patients with malignant nodules. Patients with C-FNAC (n?=?21) were younger (41.3?±?12.6 vs. 51.8?±?11.2?years; P?相似文献   

超声弹性成像应变率比值法在甲状腺病变诊断中的价值

目的：研究甲状腺病变采用超声弹性成像应变率比值法（下称比值法）的可行性。方法选取196例患者共238个甲状腺结节,对比该研究方法与病理诊断结果的差异性。结果病理学诊断结果显示良性结节196个,恶性结节42个。比值法诊断良性结节190个,恶性结节48个。比值法以＜3．3为良性,≥3．3为恶性,诊断恶性结节特异性为85．71％,敏感性为93．88％。比值法结果与病理诊断结果比较差异无统计学意义（ P＞0．05）。结论超声弹性成像应变率比值法可有效鉴别甲状腺病变状态,临床上可结合病理诊断降低误诊率。     

细针穿刺细胞学与甲状腺结节鉴别诊断

甲状腺结节是常见的甲状腺疾病,正确区分其良、恶性为治疗关键.细针穿刺细胞学检查在甲状腺结节的鉴别诊断中发挥了重要作用,在其基础上,应用分子诊断、多基因检测及基凶芯片等现代技术可进一步提高诊断的准确率,对于明确诊断、减少治疗费用、指导外科治疗具有极大作用.现丰要就细针穿刺细胞学用于甲状腺结节的鉴别诊断作相关阐述.     

术前甲状腺结节的良恶性鉴别——附1367例甲状腺结节临床资料分析

目的探讨临床特征及术前各种辅助检查在判断甲状腺结节良恶性方面的价值。方法对1999—2004年上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院1367例甲状腺结节手术患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果1367例甲状腺结节中良性病变1141例(83.47%),恶性病变226例(16.53%)。辅助检查中,B超检查敏感度、特异度、诊断准确度分别为2.11%,99.27%,83.19%;CT检查分别为22.58%,86.00%,70.99%;细针穿刺(FNA)细胞学检查分别为65.12%,95.08%,82.69%。多因素回归分析结果显示,患者较年轻,存在实性、质地偏硬的结节,结节伴钙化或颈部无痛性淋巴结肿大者恶性可能性较大。结论临床症状、体征、甲状腺B超及FNA对恶性甲状腺病变均有一定的提示作用,尤其是FNA在判断结节性质方面具有较高的敏感度、特异度及诊断准确度。