带指固有神经背侧支筋膜皮瓣修复手指软组织缺损

目的探讨以伤指指背筋膜为蒂、带指固有神经背侧支的岛状皮瓣顺行或逆行转移修复指背或指腹软组织缺损的方法。方法2005年1月～2006年8月,收治17例22指中末节外伤软组织缺损,应用沿手指近、中节背侧指固有神经背侧支行走方向,设计并切取筋膜蒂皮瓣,修复缺损。切取皮瓣时蒂部带一矩形皮瓣,以减轻转位后皮瓣蒂部的张力。皮瓣顺行转移时不需缝合神经,逆行转移时与受区神经缝合。皮瓣切取范围不超过手指侧中线,切取面在腱周浅层,皮瓣转移轴线沿指固有神经背侧支走向。结果本组17例22指皮瓣全部成活。结论采用带指固有神经背侧支的筋膜岛状皮瓣转移修复指腹或指背皮肤软组织缺损,是一种简单、安全,行之有效的手术方法。     

修薄胸脐皮瓣修复四肢创面

目的探讨应用修薄后的带蒂或游离胸脐皮瓣对四肢软组织缺损的修复效果。方法采用带蒂胸脐皮瓣修复上肢软组织缺损12例,游离移植修复上、下肢软组织缺损9例。在切取皮瓣时进行修薄,靠近皮瓣中央部需在显微镜下修剪。结果20例皮瓣成活良好,1例坏死。获随访17例,随访时间4个月～5年,皮瓣覆盖处肌腱和骨质无继发坏死、感染;15例皮瓣较周缘皮肤基本平齐或高出2～4mm,2例肥胖患者皮瓣稍显肿胀,但不影响肢体功能。结论应用修薄后的游离或带蒂胸脐皮瓣修复四肢软组织缺损,皮瓣面积大,血管解剖恒定,口径粗,易成活,其外形及功能恢复良好。     

颌颈部带蒂皮瓣在颜面部软组织缺损修复中的应用

由交通事故、意外伤害等因素造成的面颊部软组织缺损因影响美观、咀嚼等功能，对伤员的身心健康及生活质量造成很大影响。常用修复面颊部缺损的区域带蒂皮瓣有颈侧皮瓣、颈胸皮瓣、胸锁乳突肌皮瓣等。我科采用颌颈部带蒂皮瓣（含颈阔肌或不含颈阔肌）修复面颊部软组织缺损10例，收到较好效果，现将2例典型病例报告如下。     

腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣修复小腿及足踝部软组织缺损

目的：观察腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣转位修复小腿及足踝部软组织缺损的效果。方法：设计带筋膜蒂的腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣，逆行转位修复小腿及足踝部软组织缺损15例，观察皮瓣成活情况及治疗效果。结果：本组15例中2例皮瓣部分坏死，其余全部一次成活。结论：腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣创伤小，手术简单，血供可靠，是修复小腿及足踝部软组织缺损的理想皮瓣。     

腹部“翼型”带蒂皮瓣在手部创伤缺损修复术中的应用

对52例手部创伤后皮肤软组织缺损患者,采用腹部"翼型"带蒂皮瓣修复,皮瓣均100%成活,伤口愈合良好,并发症少。腹部"翼型"带蒂皮瓣是修复手部创伤软组织缺损的良好方法。     

髂腹股沟皮瓣带蒂移植修复腕手部软组织缺损

目的 :评价髂腹股沟皮瓣带蒂移植修复腕、手部软组织缺损的应用价值。方法 :采用髂腹沟皮瓣带蒂移植修复腕、手部软组织缺损 6 7例 ,其中急诊外伤 5 4例 ,后期修复 13例。结果 :皮瓣全部成活 ,腕、手部功能恢复。结论 :该皮瓣血运丰富 ,皮瓣面积大 ,蒂长 ,供区隐蔽 ,抗感染力强 ,手术操作简单安全。不失为腕、手部软组织缺损修复首选皮瓣。     

腹部双叶带蒂真皮下血管网皮瓣在手指皮肤缺损修复中的应用效果

目的探究腹部双叶带蒂真皮下血管网皮瓣修复手指皮肤缺损的临床效果。方法选取2013年7月~2015年2月收治的46例手指脱套伤患者,采用随机数字法分为两组,对照组23例,采用传统带蒂的皮下脂肪层腹部皮瓣修复;观察组23例,采用腹部双叶带蒂真皮下血管网皮瓣修复,分析并比较两组的治疗效果。结果观察组断蒂14d毛细血管充盈时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);断蒂后6、9个月,观察组感觉功能恢复评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);断蒂后6个月,观察组近端指间关节及掌指关节运动角度大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);断蒂后9个月,观察组手指功能及外观恢复状况的满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论腹部双叶带蒂真皮下血管网皮瓣修复手指皮肤缺损,皮瓣血运状况更好,术后手指运动功能恢复可观,避免了二次分指手术,患者满意。     

手指侧方逆行岛状皮瓣修复指端软组织缺损

我们自1991年12月至1992年12月应用手指侧方逆行岛状皮瓣修复指端软组织缺损11例。其中急性手指外伤6例,烧伤后远节指关节骨外露3例,烧伤疤痕切除后远节指关节肌腱外露2例。供瓣部位皆在受伤手指根部侧面。本文认为手指侧方逆行岛状皮瓣修复指端软组织缺损,操作简单,皮瓣成活率高,一般可一次修复创面,病程较短;手指不用固定,供瓣区较隐蔽。优于其它修复手指端软组织缺损的带蒂皮瓣。     

指固有动脉背支掌背逆行皮瓣修复手指中、远节皮肤缺损的临床观察

手指皮肤软组织缺损是显微外科最为常见的疾病,其最主要的治疗方法即为皮瓣修复,目前临床使用较多的传统皮瓣修复,需要二次手术断蒂,且皮瓣欠饱满。皮肤感觉恢复差,而手背皮肤质地好,皮下脂肪少。是修复手指软组织缺损的良好供区。我科白2007年1月。2011年12月应用指固有动脉背支掌背逆行皮瓣修复手指中、远节皮肤缺损56例,皮瓣修复手指软组织缺损全部成活,取得了较好的疗效,现报道如下。     

腓肠神经营养血管远端蒂皮瓣治疗足踝部软组织缺损

目的：探讨腓肠神经营养血管远端蒂皮瓣治疗足踝部软组织缺损的效果。方法：以小腿腓肠神经营养血管为蒂设计并切取皮瓣,逆行转移修复踝部、足跟部、足背及足内侧皮肤软组织缺损26例。结果：26例皮瓣中除1例修复前足内侧皮瓣远端发生脂肪液化外,余25例皮瓣全部成活。随访1~12个月,皮瓣色泽、质地、弹性良好,无破溃发生。结论：腓肠神经营养血管蒂皮瓣是修复踝部、足跟部、足背及足内侧皮肤软组织缺损的理想方法。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.