静脉窦区凹陷性颅骨骨折的微创手术治疗

目的 探讨静脉窦区凹陷性颅骨骨折的微创手术治疗情况.方法 选取45例静脉窦区凹陷性颅骨骨折患者的临床治疗情况进行回顾性分析,本组患者均采取微创手术治疗,探讨临床手术情况.结果 本组患者手术均顺利完成,凹陷性骨折引起的压迫得到消除;手术过程中有13例出现静脉窦损伤,包括9例上矢状窦损伤和4例横窦损伤;术中40例患者出血较少,未进行输血处理,其余5例患者的顶部矢状窦存在较大出血;29例实行了I期凹陷性颅骨骨折修复及固定处理;本组患者临床症状和神经功能均在较短时间内得到显著改善,随访3~18个月,均恢复到正常水平.结论 采取微创手术治疗静脉窦区凹陷性颅骨骨折,损伤小,安全性高,临床疗效显著,临床应用和推广价值重大.     

颅脑损伤手术中矢状窦破裂紧急处理体会(附11例临床分析)

我院1999~2005年共收治11例颅脑损伤导致上矢状窦破裂患者,通过急诊手术治疗,取得满意效果,现报道如下。1临床资料1.1一般资料男9例,女2例;年龄18~55岁,平均年龄32岁;颅骨凹陷性粉碎性骨折致矢状窦破裂6例,颅骨线形骨折致矢状窦破裂2例,开放性颅脑损伤术中误伤3例;外伤至手术时     

手术治疗上矢状窦破裂9例报告

我院自 1 997年 1 2月～ 2 0 0 0年 5月共收治颅脑损伤导致上矢状窦破裂 9例 ,通过急诊手术治疗 ,取得满意效果 ,现报告如下。1　临床资料1 .1　一般资料男 7例 ,女 2例 ;年龄 1 8～ 5 8岁 ,平均年龄35岁 ;颅骨凹陷性粉碎性骨折致矢状窦破裂 6例 ;颅骨线形骨折致矢状窦破裂 2例 ;开放性颅脑损伤术中误伤 1例 ;外伤至手术时间平均为5小时。1 .2　部位及症状矢状窦损伤情况 :前三分之一处 3例 ,中三分之一处 5例 ,后三分之一处 1例 ;伤后意识障碍 8例 ,合并有颅内血肿脑挫裂伤 6例 ,一侧肢体不同程度肌力减退及感觉障碍 6例 ,失血性休克 4例。…     

上矢状窦损伤的救治体会

目的总结分析上矢状窦损伤的诊断和治疗方法,杜绝医源性损伤。方法回顾性分析11例上矢状窦损伤患者的受伤机制、诊断及手术治疗方法。结果本组11例患者中3例是局部凹陷骨折压迫所致的闭塞性损伤,有2例直接刀砍伤、5例为骨折刺伤撕裂所致的开放性出血,1例为择期坐位手术损伤后气栓、血栓闭塞性损伤。6例行延长切口,骨窗开颅;5例瓣状开颅,3例骨瓣一期回置,2例行去骨瓣减压。上矢状窦损伤均一期修复,7例撕裂出血者预后良好;3例凹陷骨折压迫所致的闭塞性损伤,其中1例恢复良好,2例术前脑疝患者术后1例3周清醒轻瘫、1例昏迷5个月后苏醒、偏瘫;1例气栓、血栓闭塞性损伤者持续昏迷高热1周后死亡。结论强调上矢状窦解剖生理特性,结合病史体征及CT等影像学检查及早明确诊断,迅速正确的手术,完善的麻醉监测,合理控制血压及体位防止大出血、气栓血栓形成危及生命是成功救治的关键。     

显微手术切除矢状窦旁脑膜瘤

目的 讨论上矢状窦旁脑膜瘤的微创治疗方法,以提高手术治疗效果.方法 回顾分析我院1996-2005年收治的46例上矢状窦旁脑膜瘤手术治疗经验.结果 46例中全切除36例,次全切除10例.4例病人术后一侧偏瘫,一例下肢瘫,随访1-8年,5例复发行第2次手术.结论 矢状窦旁脑膜瘤手术效果取决于肿瘤生长部位、侵犯矢状窦的范围.了解矢状窦是否通畅、保护中央静脉及其它引流静脉,显微手术分块切除肿瘤及受侵犯的颅骨、脑膜、静脉窦壁,是根治肿瘤,防止肿瘤复发的重要因素.     

骨片孤立术治疗上矢状窦损伤1例

顶骨中线凹陷性骨折压迫上矢状窦导致下肢瘫痪较少见，手术取出下陷的骨折块极易引起上矢状窦破裂大出血，危及病人生命。我院采用骨片孤立术治疗1例，效果良好，现报道如下：     

上矢状窦损伤的救治

目的：总结分析上矢状窦损伤的诊断和治疗方法,杜绝医源性损伤。方法：回顾性分析2001年7月－2007年3月我院收治的11例上矢状窦损伤的受伤机制、诊断、手术方法及术中控制体位、血压的应用。结果：本组11例病人其中3例是局部凹陷骨折压迫所致的闭塞性损伤,有2例直接刀砍伤、5例为骨折刺伤撕裂所致的开放性出血, 1例为择期坐位手术损伤后气、血栓闭塞性损伤。6例行延长切口,骨窗开颅;5例瓣状开颅,3例骨瓣一期回置,2例行去骨瓣减压;上矢状窦损伤均一期修复,7例撕裂出血者预后良好;3例凹陷骨折压迫所致的闭塞性损伤其中1例恢复良好,2例术前脑疝患者术后1例3周清醒轻瘫、1例昏迷5个月后苏醒、偏瘫;1例气、血栓闭塞性损伤者持续昏迷高热1周后死亡。结论：强调上矢状窦解剖生理特性,结合病史体征及CT等影像学检查及早明确诊断,迅速正确的手术、完善的麻醉监测、合理控制血压及体位防止大出血、气血栓形成危及生命是成功救治的关键。     

颅内静脉窦损伤(附42例分析)

<正> 在颅脑损伤中,颅内静脉窦的损伤亦属常见,起因多见于颅骨凹陷形骨折、盲管伤、穿通伤,亦可见于颅骨线形骨折。因解剖部位关系,以上矢状窦损伤为最常见,横窦损伤少见。静脉窦损伤出血凶猛,病情变化快,死亡率高。因此,必须熟悉静脉窦损伤的临床特点,早期做出诊断,手术前做好充分准备,以避免手术中措手不及。现将我院1965年8月—1983年12月底,经手术证实有不同程度静脉窦损伤的42例报告如下,并对其诊断和治疗加以讨论。     

静脉窦损伤处理(附43例临床分析)

本文结合静脉窦损伤43例临床资料分析,对诊断和治疗问题进行了讨论。43例中,22例治愈,21例死亡。颅骨线状骨折,尤其是凹陷状骨折经过静脉窦,出现大出血和脑受压症状,应考虑本病。对有活动性窦出血,出现失血性休克和伴有颅内血肿者,应行紧急手术。损伤较轻,可用明胶海绵压迫止血;损伤重者,用海绵压迫并行硬膜缝合固定常可奏效;对前1/3矢状窦严重损伤且止血困难者可行结扎。     

外伤性上矢状窦损伤15例手术治疗临床分析

目的总结外伤性上矢状窦损伤的手术治疗经验,以指导对此类患者的治疗。方法 15例外伤性上矢状窦损伤患者手术治疗的临床资料进行回顾性总结,分析上矢状窦损伤治疗的手术时机、手术方法及术中控制性低血压的应用,探讨不同上矢状窦损伤的手术原则、手术策略以及术中和术后处理等方面的问题。结果术后随访3个月,按照格拉斯哥预后评分（GOS）标准,恢复良好9例;中残3例;重残1例;死亡2例。结论尽早救治、术前充分准备、选择正确的手术方法是成功救治外伤性上矢状窦损伤的关键。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.