鼠脑胶质瘤模型在局部缓释化疗研究中的应用

目的 :建立可重复性大鼠脑胶质瘤动物模型 ,并利用其探讨卡氮芥 -聚乳酸缓释剂 (BCNU -PLA)的抑瘤作用。方法 :30只Wistar大鼠 ,体重为 2 10± 2 0 g ,平分成 3组 ,Ⅰ组为假手术组 ;Ⅱ组为左侧尾状核接种C6胶质瘤细胞组 ;Ⅲ组为局部治疗组 ,接种C6胶质瘤细胞后第 5天植入BCNU -PLA。采用MRI及病理学检查方法 ,观察各组肿瘤生长情况。结果 :建立的大鼠C6脑胶质瘤动物模型稳定可靠 ,成瘤率为 10 0 % ,无远隔转移。Ⅰ组大鼠术后生存状态良好 ,无死亡。Ⅱ组大鼠平均生存期为 17.5± 1.6 5d。Ⅲ组平均生存期为 5 7.9± 4 6 .9d ,两组间差别有显著意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :鼠脑接种C6胶质瘤细胞 ,能产生可复制的单灶胶质瘤模型。用BCNU -PLA进行局部化疗可有效抑制胶质瘤细胞的生长。     

三氧化二砷抑制大鼠脑胶质瘤增殖

目的:观察三氧化二砷(As2O3)瘤内给药对大鼠脑胶质瘤的疗效,以探讨胶质瘤的有效化疗手段。方法:实验用65只(180±10)g SD大鼠,5只做正常对照,在60只大鼠纹状体部埋植导管,其中30只通过导管接种9L胶质瘤细胞株,建立在体脑胶质瘤模型。15只注入等量D-Hanks平衡盐,作为阴性对照;另15只为安查组,进行药物安全性研究。于植入瘤细胞第9 d,30只模型鼠随机分为肿瘤组与治疗组(各15只)。治疗组及安查组通过导管将As2O3(10μmol/L)注入瘤内。阴性对照组和肿瘤组注等量生理盐水。(1)阴性对照组、肿瘤组、安查组和治疗组于注射As2O38 d后各随机处死5只,迅速剥离脑组织,测量肿瘤体积,HE染色,观察组织形态变化,免疫组化检测PCNA含量。(2)阴性对照组、肿瘤组、安查组和治疗组各剩余的10只大鼠,逐日称量体重,观察其行为学变化,待其自然死亡后计算生存时间,并取脑,验证肿瘤的存在。结果:治疗组肿瘤明显小于肿瘤组,大鼠体重下降较肿瘤组为轻。肿瘤组平均生存期为25.8天,治疗组平均生存时间40天。但治疗组有两只未计入平均,一只生存178天,另一只在研究结束时被处死(达14个月),且处死后未发现肿瘤。结论:As2O3可通过减缓脑胶质瘤的增殖,缓解大鼠体重下降,延长模型动物生存时间,对大鼠脑胶质瘤具有明显治疗作用。     

低剂量棉酚与甾体激素联合用药对大鼠生精细胞凋亡的影响

采用检测细胞凋亡的微核 (MN)、原位末端标记检测 (ISEL)及单细胞凝胶电泳 (SCGE)等方法 ,研究低剂量棉酚与激素组合用药对大鼠生精细胞凋亡的影响 ,分析不同剂量棉酚 (高剂量 10 0mg/(kg·d)、中剂量 6 0mg/(kg·d)及低剂量 12mg/(kg·d) )及维持量棉酚对生精细胞凋亡及DNA的作用。结果表明不同剂量的棉酚G与单剂量激素H(甲基睾丸素 2 0mg/(kg·d)、炔雌醇 10 0 (g/(kg·d) )合并用药 6周后 ,生精细胞的凋亡系数和微核率随棉酚剂量的增大而增加。高和中剂量棉酚组的凋亡系数分别为 3 5 2 0± 0 4 6 5和 2 0 2 0± 0 0 17,显著高于对照组 (0 2 33± 0 0 88)(P <0 0 5 )。微核率在高剂量组为 2 7 6 33± 3 75 5 ,显著高于对照组 (5 6 0 0± 1 137) (P <0 0 5 ) ;而低剂量组 (3 5 6 7±0 86 9)反而显著低于对照组。服低剂量棉酚G +H 6周后继续服单独低剂量棉酚 (12mg/(kg·d) ) 12周 ,单细胞凝胶电泳未见生精细胞出现DNA单链断裂的彗星状细胞核 ,与高、中剂量组较多的出现率形成明显对照。结果提示低剂量棉酚与甾体激素组合用药在睾丸生精过程中互为调节 ,棉酚引起的生精细胞凋亡效应可在甾体激素的调节下降低而起保护作用     

内皮抑素对结肠癌增殖和转移抑制效应的实验观察

目的研究内皮抑素对结肠癌增殖和转移的抑制作用,并探讨基质金属蛋白酶13(MMP13)对结肠癌血管生成的作用。方法采用人结肠癌细胞株SW1116完整组织块于裸小鼠原位种植,建立结肠癌转移裸小鼠模型。种植后第1周开始皮下注射内皮抑素,每天1次,剂量为0mg/kg(对照组)、5mg/kg(实验Ⅰ组)、10mg/kg(实验Ⅱ组)、20mg/kg(实验Ⅲ组),共用6周。种植后第7周处死动物,测量原位肿瘤体积、抑瘤率,检测MMP13、微血管密度(MVD),观察腹膜、肝脏及其它脏器转移情况。结果内皮抑素剂量为0、5、10和20mg/kg时,原位肿瘤体积分别为(1.42±0.45)、(0.54±0.38)、(0.31±0.28)、(0.22±0.16)cm3;抑瘤率分别为0、62.0%、78.2%、84.5%;MMP13分别为81.8%、58.3%、42.9%、21.4%;MVD分别为(11.20±3.9)、(6.10±2.6)、(2.40±1.6)、(1.22±0.4);腹膜转移率分别为81.8%、50.0%、28.5%、7.1%;肝脏转移率分别为63.6%、33.3%、14.3%、0。实验Ⅰ～Ⅲ组与对照组相比,组间结肠癌增殖与转移的抑制作用差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论MMP13可能是结肠癌重要的促血管生成因素之一;内皮抑素通过抑制肿瘤血管生成,对裸小鼠结肠癌增殖和转移均有抑制作用。     

安君宁对吗啡依赖大鼠伏隔核内前阿黑皮素原表达的影响

目的:研究安君宁对吗啡依赖雄性SD大鼠伏隔核内前阿黑皮素原表达的影响。方法:30只体重180-220g的雄性SD大鼠,设对照并建立吗啡依赖模型后随机均衡分为5组:淀粉正常对照组,吗啡戒断并安君宁治疗12d、30d组,吗啡戒断并淀粉治疗12d、30d组。吗啡依赖模型的建立采用剂量递增10日法(5mg/kg/次￣50mg/kg/次,2次/日,腹腔注射)。安君宁干预方法:灌胃1g/kg/次,2次/日;对照组灌等量的淀粉。各组大鼠按预定时间麻醉、灌注、留取脑组织。采用原位杂交技术测定伏隔核(NAs)内前阿黑皮素原(POMC)mRNA水平。结果:安君宁干预组与干预对照组相比,NAs内POMC mRNA水平显著增高(P<0.05)(吗啡戒断12、30d时,安君宁干预组NAs内POMC mRNA水平分别为0.34±0.11、0.51±0.13,干预对照组分别为0.33±0.17、0.39±0.15。(xs±)×10-2)。结论:安君宁能促进吗啡依赖大鼠伏隔核内前阿黑皮素原表达的恢复。     

狼毒大戟对病毒性T细胞白血病的抑制作用

目的　研究中药狼毒大戟抗病毒性肿瘤机理。方法　 6 15近交系小鼠 5 0只 ,随机分为5组 ,其中设肿瘤对照组 (Ⅰ ) ,2种剂量的治疗组 (Ⅱ、Ⅲ ) ,药物对照组 (Ⅳ )和正常对照组 (Ⅴ )。治疗组和肿瘤对照组皮下接种L6 15白血病肿瘤株 ,治疗组及药物对照组每天经胃分别给予狼毒水浸出液1.8g kg( 36mg)、3.0g kg( 6 0mg) ,连续 1周。检测外周血白细胞总数 ,观察肿瘤细胞凋亡形态特征及DNA电泳图谱 ,并检测肿瘤细胞c myc和ras基因的表达。结果　 3.0g kg狼毒给药组外周血白细胞[( 0 .116 4± 0 .0 12 3)× 10 9 L]明显低于肿瘤对照组 [( 0 .2 199± 0 .10 99)× 10 9 L],P <0 .0 1。 1.8g kg和3 .0g kg狼毒药物组的细胞凋亡率 ( 2 3 .6 0 %± 2 .2 7% ) ,( 36 .40 %± 4.99% )均明显高于肿瘤对照组( 4.6 0 %± 0 .97% ) ,P <0 .0 1。在治疗组动物外周血中观察到大量的具有特征性的凋亡细胞和典型的DNA凋亡梯形电泳带。与肿瘤对照组相比 ,狼毒治疗组肿瘤细胞c myc和ras基因表达受到明显的抑制 (P <0 .0 1) ,表达强度也明显减弱。随着狼毒剂量增大 ,作用效果更为明显 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　狼毒大戟能抑制T淋巴细胞白血病的增殖 ,并可通过促进肿瘤细胞凋亡和抑制肿瘤细胞c myc和ras基因表达发挥抗病毒性肿瘤的作     

慢性肾衰大鼠继发甲状旁腺功能亢进时腺体钙敏感受体的观察

研究慢性肾衰 (CRF)继发性甲旁亢 (2°HPT)大鼠发病时及 1,2 5 (OH) 2 D3 治疗时甲状旁腺钙敏感受体 (PCaR)mRNA含量变化。采用肾大部分切除大鼠 2°HPT模型 ,动物分为CRF组 ,治疗组 ,假手术组。治疗组予以 1,2 5(OH) 2 D3(2 5pmol d× 10腹腔注射 ) ,31d后测定生化指标及PCaRmRNA含量 ,后者采用逆转录聚合酶链反应 (RT PCR)半定量法。(1)CRF组大鼠较假手术组血肌酐 (SCr) (6 9 30± 11 2 0vs 2 1 15± 8 2 0 μmol L ,P <0 0 5 )及甲状旁腺素 (PTH) (2 5 6± 72vs 41± 7pg mL ,P <0 0 5 )明显上升 ,治疗组PTH较CRF组明显下降 (112± 47vs 2 5 6± 72pg mL ,P <0 0 5 )。(2 )CRF组大鼠PCaRmRNA与假手术组含量无明显差异 (1 10 0± 0 15 3vs 1 0 74± 0 119) ,治疗组PCaRmRNA与CRF组含量无明显差异 (1 131± 0 10 8vs1 0 74± 0 119)。本实验 2°HPT模型PCaRmRNA表达无明显变化 ,1,2 5 (OH) 2 D3治疗肾大部切除 2°HPT大鼠对PCaRmRNA水平无显著影响     

巢蛋白和血管内皮生长因子在脑胶质瘤患者中的表达

目的:探讨巢蛋白和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在脑胶质瘤患者中的表达。方法:应用免疫组织化学法检测低级别人脑胶质瘤20例(低级别组)、高级别人脑胶质瘤23例(高级别组)和正常人30例(对照组)脑组织的巢蛋白表达及用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清VEGF在各组人群中的表达水平。结果:人脑组织巢蛋白的阳性细胞数在对照组、低级别组和高级别组分别为5.15±0.37、8.20±1.32和9.65±1.47,三组之间差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);血清VEGF浓度在对照组、低级别组和高级别组分别为(134.05±21.57)pg/ml、(411.75±11.29)pg/ml和(456.23±18.34)pg/ml,三组之间差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);并且脑胶质瘤患者血清VEGF浓度和其脑组织nestin的表达成正相关(r=0.363,P<0.05)。结论:人脑胶质瘤的分级越高,nestin和VEGF的表达就越强,两者均可成为判断脑胶质瘤患者预后的指标。     

不同浓度、剂量布比卡因用于剖宫产脊麻的效果比较

目的研究比较不同浓度、剂量,等比重布比卡因对产妇的麻醉效果及新生儿的影响,为临床麻醉提供参考依据。方法选择ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级初次足月妊娠拟择期剖宫产手术孕妇80例,随机分为A、B二组,每组各40例。均在左侧卧位下行腰-硬联合穿刺,L2-3进针,见脑脊液外流后,针斜面向下注入等比重布比卡因:A组:8mg(0·5%,1·6ml;配法:0·75%布比卡因2ml+脑脊液1ml);B组:9·6mg(0·6%,1·6ml;配法:0·75%布比卡因2ml+脑脊液0·5ml),20s注药完毕。记录麻醉前(基础值)和脊麻注药后1、3、5、7、10、15min各时间点的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、脉搏血氧饱合度(SpO2)。测定并记录麻醉起效时间、平面固定时间、最高麻醉平面点(胸,T)、麻醉完全消退时间、下肢阻滞的最大程度、麻醉并发症等。结果A组感觉阻滞起效时间长于B组(69·27±21·48vs52·43±27·61s,P<0·05);两组最高阻滞平面(T4·50±1·44vsT4·10±0·57)及最高阻滞平面的固定时间(7·69±1·36vs7·35±1·22min)相似(P>0·05)。A组麻醉完全消退时间快于B组(218·40±18·57vs256·22±16·72min,P<0·05);Bromage评分A组明显小于B组(2·03±0·68vs2·93±0·21,P<0·05);麻醉后B组低血压发生率明显高于A组(P<0·05)。两组病人的麻醉效果均优,肌松满意。所有新生儿的Apgar评分均在7分以上,无组间差异。结论两组病人均产生了良好的脊麻效果,权衡利弊剖宫产脊麻时应用8mg(0·5%,1·6ml)布比卡因更为安全合理。     

霉酚酸酯对MRL-lpr/lpr小鼠狼疮性肾炎的治疗作用

目的　采用MRL lpr/lpr自发狼疮小鼠观察霉酚酸酯 (MMF)对狼疮性肾炎的治疗作用 ,探讨其作用机制。方法　 12周龄雌性MRL lpr/lpr自发狼疮小鼠分别予以MMF(90mg·kg-1·d-1,po)、甲基强的松龙 (MPS) (2 5mg·kg-1·d-1,ip)、环磷酰胺 (CTX) (2 5mg·kg-1·w-1,ip)治疗 2 4周。分别测定3种不同药物对小鼠尿蛋白排泄量、动物死亡率的影响 ;放免法测定血清抗dsDNA抗体的变化 ;运用RT PCR和免疫组化方法观察治疗药物对小鼠肾组织表达ICAM 1、PAI 1的影响。结果　治疗 2 4周后 ,各治疗组与对照组相比 ,体重均有不同程度增长 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,尿蛋白排泄量明显下降 (P <0 .0 1) [治疗9个月时 ,对照组为 (11.9± 2 .8)mg/d ,MMF组 (5 .1± 1.2 )mg/d ,MPS组 (3.4± 0 .8)mg/d ,CTX组 (2 .9±0 .3)mg/d],动物累积死亡率明显降低 ,血清中抗dsDNA抗体水平均有一定程度的降低 (P <0 .0 1) [治疗 9个月后 ,对照组为 (6 1.6± 7.1) % ,MMF组 (2 8.7± 4.6 ) % ,MPS组 (37.6± 4.3) % ,CTX组 (4 0 .1± 5 .8) % ],肾间质炎细胞浸润、肾小球硬化及间质纤维化程度较对照组减轻 ;肾组织免疫组化、RT PCR结果表明 ,3种药物在基因转录、蛋白质表达水平可不同程度地降低肾组织内ICAM 1、PAI 1表达。结论　MMF对MRL lpr/lpr自发     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.