应用阻抗心动图测量脉搏波传导时间

为了研究射血前时间对用脉搏波传导时间进行连续血压测量的影响,本文设计并实现一种用阻抗心动图确定脉搏波起始点计算脉搏波传导时间的方法,在深呼使血压产生波动的过程中,采用此方法与心电R波峰值作起始点的方法进行对比实验.实验结果表明,用这种方法测量脉搏波传导时间随呼吸的变化曲线与血压变化的规律相一致.与用心电R波法相比,阻抗心电图法可以有效避免射血前时间变化对PWTT测量结果的影响,是一种准确测量脉搏波传导时间的方法.     

基于小波阈值法的脉搏波去噪算法

目的消除可穿戴式脉搏波监测设备在连续测量中由于运动造成的运动伪差,保证设备准确性和稳定性。方法通过选取合适的小波基、小波最大分解层数、阈值函数和阈值方法,对脉搏波信号进行小波阈值处理,提出了一种基于小波阈值法去除脉搏波噪声的算法。并针对在脉搏波信号采集过程中出现的基线漂移、工频干扰和运动伪差,与加窗傅里叶变换去噪后的结果进行对比。结果在信噪比、均方差和平滑度等关键指标上,小波阈值法的效果更优。利用db9小波基对脉搏波信号进行6层小波分解,设置启发式阈值所得到的处理效果最好。结论该算法能够有效抑制工频干扰和运动干扰,使信噪比提高22 dB,均方差接近于0,且平滑度降为原来的11%,实现脉搏波信号采集中干扰的有效去除。     

基于小波分解的颈动脉波特征提取算法

目的:利用小波变换的时频局域化性质,检测出存在于颈动脉波信号(CAP)中的奇异点和奇异角,并且精确检测奇异角出现的位置。方法:小波变换具有多分辨率等特点,能够通过放大信号的任意细节部分进行时域分析。采用离散小波变换法结合db1小波能够检出脉搏信号中的奇异U角。利用计算CAP时域特征点的小波变换极大值坐标来精确定位脉搏时域特征点,通过检测脉搏的特征参数以及脉搏的突变特征参数,可以客观判定人体脉搏变化规律。结果:CAP信号WT分解很好地抑制了各种病理性、基线漂移等干扰,为进一步进行特征提取创造了条件,基于第一细节信号d1的特征点定位几乎不受各种病理性、基线漂移等干扰的影响,定位比其他传统处理技术更为准确。结论:本文提出了基于小波分解的颈动脉波特征点提取算法,取得高达100%的检测率。在含有大量噪声和伪差的脉搏信号中,仍具有较高正确检出率和良好的抗噪性。根据计算得到CAP信号时域特征点的小波变换极大值的坐标,再利用极大值表征准确测定脉象时域特征点的坐标,能够克服脉搏时域特征点定位不准的问题。     

用有创血压验证示波法测量血压的准确性

本文用山羊有创血压作对比研究了示波法无创测量血压的准确性.示波法一般通过袖带放气过程中脉搏波包络线顶点来估计平均压,而用幅度系数算法来估计收缩压和舒张压.虽然示波法能提供较为准确的平均压,但是估计收缩压和舒张压却存在较大误差.用5只山羊进行了试验,以研究幅度系数在不同个体之间的变异性.在用示波法测量山羊血压的同时记录山羊的有创血压.根据放气过程中的袖带内脉搏波包络线和用有创法得到的收缩压和舒张压,计算出每只羊的幅度系数.结果显示5只羊的幅度系数呈现出较大的离散性.究其根源在于,幅度系数法采用的系数是用统计方法得到的,它针对群体而不是个体,是一种经验算法.采用幅度系数算法的示波法血压测量技术不够准确,必须寻找一种新的血压测量方法.     

基于小波变换的QRS波检测

目的　将小波变换应用于ECG信号QRS波检测,提高QRS波的正确检测率。方法　利用二进Marr小波对ECG信号按Mallat算法进行变换;从等效滤波器的角度分析了信号奇异点(R波峰值点)与其小波变换模极大值的关系;探讨二次微分小波与一次微分小波在奇异点分析时性能上的差异,在检测中还运用了一系列策略以增强算法的抗干扰能力。结果　经MIT/BIH标准心律失常数据库验证,QRS波的正确检测率高达99.8%。结论　小波技术在ECG信号消噪和精确定位显示良好的性能;不同的小波函数直接影响结果和后续的检测策略。     

基于LabVIEW的电子血压测量仪

针对传统血压测量方法需要气囊,佩戴不舒适,不能连续动态测量的缺点,设计了基于LabVIEW的电子血压测量仪。该仪器使用Arduino单片机采集心电和脉搏波信号,并通过Wi-Fi把数据发送到LabVIEW上位机进行处理计算和显示。该仪器使用心电贴片和压电脉搏波传感器替代传统充气式袖带,可进行无创连续血压测量。实验数据结果显示,该电子血压测量仪满足AAMI标准。     

基于小波多分辨分析的脑干听觉诱发电位特征提取

本文应用小波变换方法从背景噪声中提取出脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)信号并进行特征识别。首先我们讨论了母小波和小波变换算法的选择,发现双正交母小波bior5.5和稳定离散小波变换(SWT)最适合BAEP信号的小波多分辨分析。通过D6尺度小波系数的相关性分析,发现相关性大于0.4的单次刺激记录具有较高的信噪比,使得仅数次刺激的叠加平均就能清晰地识别出BAEP信号的各个波。最后我们用此方法来挑选各次刺激记录,对每10次记录进行叠加平均和小波滤波结合消噪,并正确识别和计算出BAEP信号各个波的潜伏期。实验证明本方法通过小波系数相关性分析能有效选取单次刺激的BAEP记录,在大大减少刺激次数的同时,达到了更好的消噪效果。     

基于小波变换的脉搏信号分析仪的设计

脉搏信号中含有丰富的人体生理信息,对心血管疾病的预防和诊治有着重要的指导作用。本文采用COM组件技术将基于小波变换的脉搏信号去噪和特征提取MATLAB算法程序无缝集成到LabVIEW中,实现了虚拟脉搏信号分析仪的设计。实验结果证明该分析仪采用的自适应阈值小波消噪方法的消噪效果优于传统的软、硬阈值法,提取的脉搏信号各尺度能量值可以用来作为区分心血管疾病患者和正常人群的特征值,扩展的网络传输功能经实际应用具有非常实用的价值。     

反射式血氧饱和度检测系统研制

反射式血氧仪可以有效避免使用范围受限,但反射式脉搏血氧信号十分微弱,容易受噪声干扰使血氧参数的提取难度加大。为获得高质量有效的反射式容积脉搏波,系统设计中提出一种基于集成芯片AFE4490的脉搏血氧信号检测方案,对比几种基于小波变换的滤波算法去噪效果,完成对血氧信号较优的去噪处理。系统样机经调试后,基本实现反射方式对脉搏血氧饱和度的检测功能。     

基于光电容积脉搏波的无袖带血压测量技术研究进展

无袖带血压监测技术由于低生理/心理负荷等特点，在健康监测领域具有广阔的应用前景。其中，基于光电容积脉搏波的无袖带血压测量技术能够获取连续动态的血压参数，有效弥补传统袖带血压测量不便、间断测量等不足。本文对基于光电容积脉搏波的无袖带血压测量技术的研究进展进行综述。首先从传感测量和数据处理方面介绍了光电容积脉搏波信号的获取与分析方法。然后简述了传统的基于脉搏波速度理论进行血压测量的研究，重点分析了该领域的主要研究方向：基于形态学参数的机器学习方法研究以及基于序列学习的深度网络研究。最后对基于光电容积脉搏波的无袖带血压测量技术所面临的挑战及其应对策略进行了深入分析和详细讨论，以期为该领域的相关研究提供参考。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.     

A comparative study of the effects of dimebon,obsidan, finoptin,and cordaron on the functional state of ischemic focus and size of necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction

Dimebon, an antihistamine agent, exerts a moderate antianginal effect, improving the function of ischemic focus in the myocardium and decreasing the necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction. Dimebon is less active than obsidan, finoptin (except for the size of the necrotic zone), and cordaron. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 12, pp. 642–644, December, 1996     

Effects of sex steroid hormones on lipid peroxidation and glutathione antioxidant system in rat skin

Effects of estradiol and testosterone on the intensity of lipid peroxidation and contents of glutathione redox system components in the dermis and epidermis of rat skin were studied. Only estradiol induced considerable dose-dependent and tissue-specific biphasic antioxidant effects on the skin. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 12, pp. 663–666, December, 1999     

Adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells on surface-modified PEEK substrata

A series of surface-functionalized poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) films has been prepared by selective wet-chemistry; they are hydroxylated polymer (PEEK-OH) obtained by reduction, aminated polymer (PEEK-[]-NH2) prepared by coupling a diisocyanate reagent to PEEKOH (PEEK-[]-NCO) followed by hydrolysis, and carboxylated and aminocarboxylated polymers (PEEK-[]-GABA and PEEK-Lysine) resulting from the coupling of aminoacids to PEEK-[]-NCO. The aminated and carboxylated substrata promoted the adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells in the presence of serum. Fibronectin (FN), an extra-cellular matrix protein, has been covalently fixed and/or adsorbed on various PEEK substrata, in the presence or not of a polymeric surfactant (Pluronic F68). The performances of the FN-grafted substrata (PEEK-[]-FN(1) and PEEK-[]-FN(2)) were significantly higher than those of reference substrata simply coated with FN (PEEK-OH(+FN)(1) and (2), PEEK-[]-NH2(+FN)(1) and (2)), considering the adhesion and spreading of CaCo2 cells in the absence of serum. Moreover, the stability of the adherent cells on the FN-adsorbed substrata dramatically depended on the experimental conditions applied during the PEEK coating with FN.     

THE ODYSSEY – A JUNGIAN PERSPECTIVE: INDIVIDUATION AND MEETING WITH THE ARCHETYPES OF THE COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS

Homer's epic tale of the 20-year return of Odysseus from the Trojan War is investigated with particular reference to Jung's theory of individuation. Odysseus' meetings with 'the anima' in the form of goddesses, sirens and female monsters and his visit to Hades demonstrate the confrontation and humanization of aspects of the archetypal level of the psyche, central to Jung's theories of psychic growth and development. Jung's important ideas of the psychoid level and the transcendent function are explored and linked both to his investigations into medieval alchemy and with findings from contemporary neuroscience. The importance of Jung's constructive method of the interpretation of dreams and myths is shown to be central.