Laparoscopic cholecystectomy and choledocholithotomy in patients with a previous gastrectomy

BACKGROUND:

An increased incidence of cholelithiasis has been widely reported after truncal vagotomy and after gastric resection. In the early phase of patient selection, previous gastrectomy has been considered a relative contraindication to laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). In this study, we examined the management of LC in patients with previous gastrectomy.

STUDY DESIGN:

LC was attempted on 1,260 consecutive patients. Of these patients, 29 had a previous gastrectomy. Surgical procedures that had been performed included Billroth I gastrectomies (15), Billroth II gastrectomies (10), and total gastrectomies (4). There were 23 cases of cholelithiasis, 4 chronic cholecystitis, 2 gallbladder polyps, 1 porcelain gallbladder, and 1 gallbladder cancer. Nine patients were diagnosed with stones in their common bile duct or common hepatic duct.

RESULTS:

Preoperatively, seven of nine patients with common bile duct stones were subjected to endoscopic sphincterotomy, and the stones were removed successfully from five of these patients. In the remaining two patients, common bile duct stones were removed by laparoscopic choledocholithotomy by choledochotomy. The LC was completed in 26 patients (90%) who had undergone previous gastrectomy. In 449 patients who had previous abdominal surgery without a gastrectomy, only 4 patients (0.9%) required open surgery. In contrast, three patients (10%) with previous gastrectomy required open surgery. No major complications were recorded in this study series, and no residual or retained stones were seen during a followup period of 3 months.

CONCLUSIONS:

Clear visualization of anatomic structures and landmarks, and scrupulous hemostasis are needed to perform a safe LC in these patients. We conclude that in our study patients, a previous gastrectomy is considered an indication for LC and laparoscopic choledochotomy.     

Totally laparoscopic gastrectomy with various types of intracorporeal anastomosis using laparoscopic linear staplers: preliminary experience

Background We analyzed our preliminary clinical data for totally laparoscopic gastrectomy (TLG) in order to evaluate its effectiveness in terms of minimal invasiveness, technical feasibility, and safety. Methods Forty-five consecutive patients who underwent TLG in our institution between June 2004 and February 2006 were enrolled in this study. There were 26 men and 19 women, with a mean age of 58.8 years and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 23.2. In all cases, only laparoscopic linear staplers were used for intracorporeal anastomosis. Results The reasons that gastrectomy was performed were adenocarcinoma in 41 cases, benign disease in three cases and gastrointestinal stromal tumor in one case, and the types of surgery were distal gastrectomy (40), total gastrectomy (four) and pylorus-preserving gastrectomy (one). Among the distal gastrectomies, Billroth I (25) was the most frequent procedure, followed by uncut Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy (14) and Billroth II (one), respectively. The mean operation time was 314 minutes, the mean anastomotic time was 41 minutes, the mean number of staples used was eight, and the mean estimated blood loss was 150 ml. There was no case of conversion to an open procedure. The first flatus was observed at 2.9 days, and liquid diet was started at 3.7 days. The mean number of postoperative analgesic use, except for patient-controlled analgesia (PCA), was 1.4 times, and the mean postoperative hospital stay was 11 days. Postoperative complication occurred in six patients (13.3 %), but no postoperative mortality occurred. There were two cases of delayed gastric empting and one case of anastomotic leakage, anastomotic stenosis, intraabdominal bleeding, and ventral hernia each. All of the patients recovered well with conservative or surgical management. Conclusions TLG with intracorporeal anastomosis using laparoscopic linear staplers was safe and feasible, and we were able to obtain acceptable surgical outcomes in terms of minimal invasiveness.     

腹腔镜胃手术的临床应用

目的 探讨经腹腕镜胃手术的临床价值。方法 １９９２年１２月至１９９９年１月应用腹腔镜技术治疗胃疾病患者６１例。年龄２９．０￣７８．０岁,平均５７．４岁。其中Ｂ－Ⅱ式胃大部切除术１７例,Ｂ－Ⅰ式胃大部切除术１例,近端胃次全切除术２例,高选择性迷走神经切除术５例,胃造瘘术３例,胃壁良性肿瘤切除术３３例。５４例手术完全在腹腔镜下进行在腹腔镜下进行（８８．５％）,７例行腹腔镜辅助下胃手术（１１．５％）。结     

腹腔镜胃部分切除术15例的体会

目的 :探讨腹腔镜胃大部切除术的方法及优缺点。方法 :为 15例患者行腹腔镜胃部分切除术。结果 :15例均成功完成手术 ,行B -Ⅱ式胃大部分切除术 12例 ,其中 1例术中切断胃体时因切割器故障中转开腹 ;胃局部楔形切除 1例 ;胃恶性肿瘤根治切除 2例。手术时间 2 10 5min(14 0～ 2 80min)术中平均出血10 0ml。无并发症发生 ,术后 7 8(5～ 10d)出院。胃恶性肿瘤术后随访 1～ 12月 ,无复发转移。结论 :腹腔镜胃切除术患者安全 ,创伤小 ,恢复快     

胃三角吻合术与Billroth I吻合术在腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术中的短期疗效比较

目的：比较胃三角吻合术与Billroth I吻合术在腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术中短期疗效。 方法：选取解放军总医院2009—2013年间37例行腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术的早期胃癌患者资料,其中14例行胃三角吻合术（三角吻合组）,23例行Billroth I吻合术（Billroth I吻合组）,比较两组术中及术后的相关指标。 结果：与Billroth I吻合组比较,三角吻合组手术时间延长,但术中出血量降低,止痛泵使用时间、术后排气时间、拆线时间均缩短,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）;两组住院时间方面差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。术后病理显示,三角吻合组近、远端切缘距肿瘤的平均距离均明显大于Billroth I吻合组（均P<0.05）。两组术后并发症与不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论：三角吻合能一定程度减少腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术患者的创伤、疼痛,降低腔镜下操作难度及感染的风险,加速患者胃肠道功能恢复。

     

胃癌合并胆囊结石同期手术治疗58例临床分析

目的探讨胃癌合并胆囊结石同期手术治疗的可行性及临床效果。方法对58例胃癌合并胆囊结石病人同时行手术治疗,并与同期58例单纯胃癌手术病人进行对照分析。结果两组病人的手术时间、术中出血量、术后3d引流量、住院时间、术后并发症等比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。化疗完全结束3个月后随访结果显示,两组病人的营养状况、胃切除术后胃肠道并发症发生率等情况相近,差异亦无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对胃癌合并胆囊结石的病人同时行胃癌根治术与胆囊切除术是安全可行的,不增加手术风险与远期胃切除术后胃肠道并发症发生率。     

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with a history of gastrectomy

PURPOSE: Previous gastrectomy has been considered a relative contraindication to laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of LC in patients with a history of gastrectomy. METHODS: From a database of 1 104 consecutive patients with symptomatic gallstone disease, who underwent LC between April 1992 and January 2007, 51 (4.6%) had undergone previous gastrectomy: for gastric cancer (n = 36) or gastroduodenal ulcer (n = 15). We compared the operative time, blood loss, conversion rate, morbidity rate, diet resumption, and postoperative hospital stay between patients with, and those without, a history of gastrectomy. RESULTS: The incidence of common bile duct stones was significantly higher (33.3% vs 8.6%, P < 0.001) and operative time was significantly longer (111.2 min vs 77.9 min, P < 0.001) in the patients with a history of gastrectomy. There was no significant difference in operative time between the first-half and second-half periods. Conversion to an open cholecystectomy was required in two patients. There was no significant difference between the two groups in blood loss, conversion rate, morbidity rate, diet resumption, or postoperative hospital stay. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a safe and effective treatment for symptomatic gallstone disease in patients with a history of gastrectomy, although previous gastrectomy is associated with an increased need for adhesiolysis and a longer operative time.     

完全腹腔镜残胃癌根治术26例临床分析

目的探讨完全腹腔镜近端残胃癌根治术的安全性、可行性及近期疗效。方法回顾性分析福建省立医院2016年1月至2019年6月收治因胃良性病变曾行远端胃大部切除、BillrothⅡ式吻合术后的残胃癌病人,行腹腔镜近端残胃癌根治术,腔内Roux-en-Y吻合术重建消化道的26例病人临床资料。结果26例病人中肿瘤位于残胃底贲门9例,位于残胃空肠吻合口17例。病人均顺利完成腹腔镜残胃切除D2淋巴结清扫术及腔内Rouxen-Y食管空肠吻合重建消化道。手术时间(152.3±21.3)min,重建消化道时间(38.6±12.5)min,术中出血量(55.1±21.8)mL。平均清扫淋巴结(28.1±7.4)枚。上切缘距食道贲门连接线中位距离2.5(2.1,4.6)cm,距肿瘤上界中位距离5.5(4.1,6.2)cm,上切缘均未见阳性。辅助切口平均长度(4.1±0.8)cm。术后肛门排气时间(29.5±11.2)h,流质进食时间(19.1±8.6)h,术后住院时间(7.8±1.9)d。术后并发症:Clavien-Dindo分级Ⅰ级发生率为3.8%(1/26),辅助切口感染1例。Ⅱ级发生率为7.7%(2/26),其中炎性肠梗阻1例,腹腔感染1例,予保守治疗痊愈。无Ⅲ级以上并发症,无吻合口漏、出血、梗阻及手术相关死亡。26例病人均存活获得随访,平均随访时间9.2个月。食管空肠吻合口大小(4.6±0.5)cm,Roux-en-Y滞留综合征发生率为7.7%(2/26),反流性食管炎11.5%(3/26),无吻合口狭窄、未见肿瘤复发或转移者。结论应用完全腹腔镜技术行近端残胃癌术根治因胃良性病变行远端胃大部切除术后(BillrothⅡ式吻合)的病人安全可行,具有术中出血量少,术后恢复时间短等优点,并有满意的近期效果。     

Early international results of laparoscopic gastrectomies

Background: The first totally laparoscopic Billroth II gastrectomy was performed in 1992. To date, laparoscopic gastrectomy has been performed by a small number of surgeons around the world and the laparoscopic approach has been extended to Billroth I and total gastrectomy. The aim of this study is to review the state of laparoscopically performed gastrectomies in the international scene. Methods: Questionnaires were prepared and sent to every surgeon in the world known by the authors or their contacts to have performed a laparoscopic gastrectomy. A questionnaire survey was started in July 1994 and completed by November 1994. Data collected included age, sex, type of gastric resection, technique of reconstruction after resection, average duration of surgery, time to liquid and solid intake, postoperative hospital stay, complications, and opinions of the surgeons. Results: Sixteen surgeons contributed to this study. A total number of 118 cases of laparoscopic gastrectomies, comprising Billroth I (11), Billroth II (87), vagotomy and antrectomy (10), and total gastrectomy (10) had been performed. The indications were gastric and/or duodenal ulcers and benign and malignant gastric tumors. Conclusions: Laparoscopic gastrectomy was found to be superior to the open technique by 10 of 16 surgeons because of faster recovery, less pain, and better cosmesis. The procedure was an expensive and long operation according to four. Two surgeons were uncertain of any benefit because of limited experience. Received: 7 August 1996/Accepted: 28 October 1996     

Gastric outlet obstruction by a lost gallstone: Case report and literature review

IntroductionSpilled gallstones from a laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be a source of significant morbidity, most commonly causing abscesses and fistulae. Preventative measures for loss, careful removal during the initial surgery, and good documentation of any concern for remaining intraperitoneal stones needs to be performed with the initial surgery.Case reportAn 80-year-old male with a history of complicated biliary disease resulting in a cholecystectomy presented to general surgery clinic with increasing symptoms of gastric outlet obstruction. CT imaging was concerning for a malignant process despite negative biopsies. A distal gastrectomy and Billroth II reconstruction was performed and final pathology showed dense inflammation with a single calcified stone incarcerated within the gastric wall of the inflamed pylorus and no malignancy.DiscussionStones lost during laparoscopic cholecystectomy are not innocuous and preventative measures for loss, careful removal during the initial surgery, and good documentation of any concern for remaining intraperitoneal stones.ConclusionThis is the first case of gastric outlet obstruction caused by an intramural obstruction of the pylorus from a spilled gallstone during a laparoscopic cholecystectomy and subsequent inflammation. This is an etiology that must be considered in new cases of gastric outlet obstruction and can mimic malignancy.     

Symptomatic gallstones after sleeve gastrectomy

Background

Cholelithiasis is a common complication after bariatric surgery. Pure restrictive procedures such as sleeve gastrectomy and gastric banding theoretically should result in less gallstone formation because the food continues to follow the normal gastrointestinal transit, maintaining the enteric–endocrine reflex intact. To the authors’ knowledge, the literature has no studies that analyze the incidence of gallstone formation after sleeve gastrectomy. This study aimed to compare the rates of symptomatic gallstones between laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG).

Methods

A retrospective chart review of patients who underwent laparoscopic RYGBP and SG between 2004 and 2006 was performed. The patients with previous cholecystectomy, known gallstones with or without concomitant cholecystectomy, and previous weight-reduction operations were excluded from the analysis. The outcome measures were the numbers of patients who had experienced symptomatic and complicated gallstones. Using Cox regression analysis, comparisons was made between the patients with laparoscopic RYGBP (group A) and those with laparoscopic SG (group B).

Results

Groups A excluded 174 (26%) of 670 patients, and group B excluded 27 (34.2%) of 79 patients. The patients in group A had a significantly higher preoperative body mass index (BMI) than those in group B. Additionally, more group A than group B patients had a BMI exceeding 45 and more than a 25% loss of original weight. No significant difference in the development of symptomatic (8.7% vs. 3.8%; p = 0.296) or complicated (1.8% vs. 1.9%; p = 0.956) gallstones was noted between the two groups

Conclusions

There was no significant difference in symptomatic or complicated gallstone disease between the patients treated with laparoscopic SG and those treated with laparoscopic RYGBP. Routine prophylactic cholecystectomy should not be recommended for weight reduction during laparoscopic SG.     

How frequently and when do patients undergo cholecystectomy after bariatric surgery?

BackgroundRapid weight loss after bariatric surgery is associated with gallstone formation, and cholecystectomy is required in up to 15% of patients. Prophylactic cholecystectomy or prophylactic ursodiol administration in the postoperative period have been suggested to address this problem. The objectives of this study were to investigate the frequency and timing of cholecystectomies after bariatric surgery and to determine the associated risk factors in patients who underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB), laparoscopic adjustable gastric band (LAGB), or laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG).MethodsData prospectively collected in an institutional database were analyzed. Differences among the 3 procedures and the effects of ursodiol administration, patient demographic characteristics, postoperative weight loss, and individual surgeon practices on cholecystectomy rates were examined. Survival analysis and proportional hazard models were used.ResultsOf 1398 patients, 109 (7.8%) underwent cholecystectomy with a median follow-up of 49 (range 12–103) months. Cholecystectomy frequency was 10.6% after LRYGB, significantly higher than 2.9% after LAGB (P<.001), and 3.5% after LSG (P = .004). The frequency was highest within the first 6 months (3.7%), but declined over time to<1% per year after 3 years. Ursodiol administration did not affect cholecystectomy rates (P = .97), and significant intersurgeon variability was noted. Excess weight loss (EWL)>25% within the first 3 months was the strongest predictor of postoperative cholecystectomy (P<.001). Cox hazards model revealed 1.25 odds ratio per 10% EWL within 3 months, and odds ratio .77 per decade of life. In addition, white patients had 1.45 times higher cholecystectomy rates than did black patients. Preoperative body mass index, gender, and surgeon did not affect cholecystectomy rates.ConclusionBariatric surgery is associated with a low frequency of postoperative cholecystectomy, which is highest early after surgery and mainly determined by the amount of EWL within the first 3 months. The results of the present study do not support routine prophylactic cholecystectomy at the time of bariatric surgery in asymptomatic patients.     

Intracorporeal Billroth 1 reconstruction by triangulating stapling technique after laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer

As the laparoscopic operations for gastric cancer have increased, the intracorporeal reconstruction of the digestive tract has received attention because the procedure offers a good visual field regardless of the patient's figure. We performed laparoscopic gastrectomies with regional lymph node dissection on 586 gastric cancer patients between March 1998 and June 2006: 465 distal gastrectomies, 42 proximal gastrectomies, and 79 total gastrectomies. Intracorporeal anastomosis was carried out in 303, 36, and 69 of the above cases, respectively. The intracorporeal Billroth 1 reconstruction was performed in 226 out of the 303 cases who underwent distal gastrectomy and intracorporeal anastomosis. The "triangulating stapling technique" (TST) that uses laparoscopic linear stapling devices was adopted for 196 of these 226 cases; in the remaining 30, circular stapling devices for conventional open gastrectomy (CEEA) were used. In the initial 115 cases of distal gastrectomy, hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS) was used, and then we shifted to totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (TLDG) without HALS. In this paper, we concentrated on the techniques and results of intracorporeal Billroth 1 reconstruction by TST. Reducing postoperative wounds was possible TLDG by TST, compared with HALS and the extracorporeal anastomosis, that is, laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy. Complications from anastomosis resulted in leakage in 2 HALS-TST patients and in 1 TLDG-TST patient, and anastomotic stenosis and bleeding were observed in each 1 case of reconstruction that used CEEA. Intracorporeal Billroth 1 reconstruction by TST is a safe procedure that provides a good visual field regardless of the patient's figure and a feasible technique for reconstruction after laparoscopic distal gastrectomies.     

Comparison of cholecystectomy cases after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass,sleeve gastrectomy,and gastric banding

BackgroundRapid weight loss after bariatric surgery has been a factor of inducing gallstones postoperatively. Many studies have reported increased gallstone formation after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB). However, not many studies have compared symptomatic gallstone frequencies between LRYGB, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), and laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB). The aim of our study is to evaluate symptomatic cholelithiasis cases requiring cholecystectomy after each bariatric procedure.MethodsBetween January 2009 and August 2011, a total of 937 patients underwent bariatric surgery at our institution. Of these patients, 598 had primary LRYGB, 197 had LSG, and 142 had LAGB. We excluded patients with previous cholecystectomy or concomitant cholecystectomy at the time of bariatric procedure. A retrospective review of a prospectively collected database was performed for all patients.ResultsOf 367 LRYGB patients, 5.7% (n = 21) had symptomatic gallstones. Of 115 LSG patients, 6.1% (n = 7) required cholecystectomy, and of 104 LAGB patients, .0% (n = 0) developed symptomatic gallstones. The differences in the occurrences of symptomatic gallstones between LRYGB and LSG were not statistically significant (P>.88). However, statistical significance was present between LRYGB and LAGB (P<.02), as well as between LSG and LAGB (P<.02). Mean percentage of excess weight loss (%EWL) at 24 months was 85.7%, 58.8%, and 38.3% in LRYGB, LSG, and LAGB patients, respectively. There was no complication related to the cholecystectomy procedure.ConclusionsFrequency of symptomatic gallstones after LRYGB and LSG was not significantly different and after LAGB was significantly lower. Slow and less amount of weight loss would have contributed to the low rate of symptomatic gallstone formation in the LAGB patients. (Surg Obes Relat Dis 2013;0:000–00.) © 2013 American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery. All rights reserved.     

Laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with regional lymph node dissection for gastric cancer

Background Recent advances in surgical techniques have led to widespread acceptance of laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer. We performed distal gastrectomy with regional lymph node dissection in 235 patients with gastric cancer located in the middle and lower third of the stomach. Methods In 171 cases, reconstruction was done using the Billroth I method intracorporeally and the aid of laparoscopic linear stapling devices. The Billroth II and Roux-en-Y methods were used in the remaining 56 and eight patients, respectively, Results Patients who underwent laparoscopic distal gastrectomy had a more rapid postoperative recovery than those treated via the open approach. Postoperative complications with this technique were within a permissible range. In terms of the survival curve, there was no statistical difference between the laparoscopic group diagonesed as clinical T2N0 (c T2N0) Preoperatively and the open group. Conclusion The laparoscopic technique is not only less invasive, but is also similarly safe and curative compared to open gastrectomy.     

腹腔镜下不同胃肠道重建方式对胃癌合并糖尿病患者术后血糖的影响

目的:探讨腹腔镜下胃大部切除后不同吻合方式对胃癌合并2型糖尿病患者血糖的影响。方法:选择66例腹腔镜手术治疗的胃癌合并2型糖尿病患者作为研究对象,其中毕Ⅰ式组26例,毕Ⅱ式组24例,Roux-en-Y组16例。检测并对比3组患者术前、术后3个月口服葡萄糖耐量试验(oral glucose tolerance test,OGTT)空腹及负荷后血糖值、糖化血红蛋白等水平。结果:术前3组患者糖化血红蛋白水平、2 h血糖、OGTT空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素水平、稳态模型评估胰岛素抵抗(homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance,HOMA-IR)相当(P>0.05)。术后3个月,毕Ⅱ式组、Roux-en-Y组糖尿病治疗缓解率分别为66.67%、87.50%,均高于毕Ⅰ式组(19.23%,P<0.05),OGTT空腹血糖、OGTT 2 h血糖水平、糖化血红蛋白水平、空腹胰岛素水平、HOMA-IR均低于毕Ⅰ式组(P<0.05)。结论:胃癌合并2型糖尿病患者采用毕Ⅱ式、Roux-en-Y吻合术可降低患者血糖,Roux-en-Y吻合术较毕Ⅱ式降低血糖的效果更明显。     

Application of robotics in general surgery: initial experience

Robotic surgery was recently approved for clinical use in general abdominal surgery. The aim of this study was to review our experience with the da Vinci surgical system during laparoscopic general surgical procedures. Eighteen patients underwent robotically assisted laparoscopic abdominal surgery between June 2002 and March 2003. Main outcome measures were operative time, room setup time, robotic arm-positioning and surgical time, blood loss, conversion to laparoscopy, length of stay, and morbidity. The types of robotically assisted laparoscopic procedures were excision of gastric leiomyoma (n = 1), Heller myotomy (n = 1), cholecystectomy (n = 2), gastric banding (n = 2), Nissen fundoplication (n = 4), and gastric bypass (n = 8). The mean room setup time was 63 +/- 14 minutes, and the mean robotic arm-positioning time was 16 +/- 7 minutes. Conversion to laparoscopy occurred in two (11%) of 18 cases because of equipment difficulty (n = 1) and technical difficulty (n = 1). Estimated blood loss was 91 +/- 71 mL. The mean operative time was 156 +/- 42 minutes, and the robotic operative time was 27% of the total operative time. The mean length of hospital stay was 2.2 +/- 1.5 days. There was one postoperative wound infection and one anastomotic stricture. Robotically assisted laparoscopic abdominal surgery is feasible and safe; however, the theoretical advantages of the da Vinci surgical system were not clinically apparent.     

Effect of laparoscopic cholecystectomy on gastric emptying and dyspepsia

Background

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become the gold standard for treatment of symptomatic gallstone disease. Nonresolution of dyspepsia postoperatively is of major concern nowadays. The present study was conducted to study the effect of laparoscopic cholecystectomy on gastric emptying in symptomatic gallstone disease using ^99mTc sulfur colloid scintigraphy. This pilot study sought to obtain preliminary data and to establish a base for further detailed study.

Methods

A total of 25 patients with a diagnosis of symptomatic gallstone disease scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included in the study. All patients underwent gastric scintigraphic emptying study preoperatively and 2 weeks after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was done as a day care procedure.

Results

Mean ± standard deviation preoperative gastric percentage clearance was 51.36 ± 12.67 %. Preoperative gastric emptying half-time was 62.72 ± 21.59 min. Forty percent of patients experienced dyspeptic symptoms before surgery. Twenty-four percent of patients had dyspeptic symptoms during postoperative follow-up at 2 weeks. Postoperative percentage gastric clearance was 49.92 ± 13.17 %. Postoperative gastric emptying half-time was 64.12 ± 19.13 min. Statistical analysis revealed no significant effect of laparoscopic cholecystectomy on gastric emptying parameters.

Conclusions

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy does not alter gastric emptying or stomach percentage clearance in gallstone patients who have preoperative delayed gastric emptying on scintigraphy. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has no effect on gastric emptying in symptomatic gallstone patients.     

Predictors of gallstone formation after bariatric surgery: a multivariate analysis of risk factors comparing gastric bypass, gastric banding, and sleeve gastrectomy

Background  Risk factors for gallstone formation in the general population have been well studied while those after weight reduction surgery are unknown. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for the development of symptomatic gallstones after bariatric surgery. Method  Retrospective review was performed for patients who underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP), adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) or sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) between 2004 and 2006. Statistical evaluation was performed using a univariate and multivariate analysis. Risk factors, including age, gender, preoperative body mass index (BMI), BMI > 45 kg/m², diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, types of operation, and weight loss >25% of original weight, were analyzed for their association with postoperative symptomatic gallstones formation. Results  670 laparoscopic RYGBP, 47 LAGB, and 79 LSG were performed in our institute. Preoperative gallbladder disease, as indicated by presence of gallstones or sludge on preoperative transabdominal ultrasound, or previous cholecystectomy, were found in 25.3, 14.9, and 30.4% of patients who subsequently had RYGBP, LAGB, and LSG, respectively. A total of 586 patients were included for analysis. Mean follow-up was 25.9 (range 12–42) months. Overall rate of symptomatic gallstone formation was 7.8% and mean time for its development was 10.2 (range 2–37) months. Incidence of symptomatic gallstones with complications as initial presentation was found in 1.9% of the patients. Logistic regression analysis showed that only postoperative weight loss of more than 25% of original weight was associated with symptomatic gallstones formation [B = 1.482, SE = 0.533, odds ratio 4.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.549–12.498, p = 0.005]. Conclusions  Traditional risk factors for gallstone formation in the general population are not predictive of symptomatic gallstone formation after bariatric surgery. Weight loss of more than 25% of original weight was the only postoperative factor that can help selecting patients for postoperative ultrasound surveillance and subsequent cholecystectomy once gallstones were identified. Accepted as poster, SAGES 2008 and presented April, 10–12th. An erratum to this article can be found at