毛冬青叶的化学成分研究

目的 研究毛冬青Ilex pubescens叶的化学成分。方法 采用正相硅胶、反相ODS、Sephadex LH-20等柱色谱及半制备高效液相色谱法进行分离纯化,并通过理化性质与光谱分析法鉴定化合物的结构。结果 从毛冬青叶70%乙醇提取物中分离鉴定了16个化合物,分别为大豆苷元（1）、染料木苷（2）、山柰酚-3-O-β-龙胆二糖苷（3）、山柰酚-3-O-β-刺槐双糖苷（4）、山柰酚-3-O-β-半乳糖苷（5）、槲皮素-3-O-β-龙胆二糖苷（6）、3β, 19α-二羟基齐墩果-12-烯-24, 28-二酸-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（7）、毛冬青皂苷A₁（8）、毛冬青素A（9）、2-羟甲基-3-咖啡酰氧-1-丁烯-4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（10）、2-咖啡酰甲基-3-羟基-1-丁烯-4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（11）、3, 4-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸（12）、3, 5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸（13）、1, 5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸（14）、4, 5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸（15）、2-苯乙基-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖基 (1→6)-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（16）。结论 化合物1～6、12～16为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

HPLC一测多评法同时测定双青咽喉片中10种成分

目的 建立HPLC一测多评法同时测定双青咽喉片中10种成分（柠檬酸、没食子酸、新绿原酸、绿原酸、隐绿原酸、异绿原酸B、异绿原酸A、异绿原酸C、甘草酸单铵及蒿酮）,验证此方法在双青咽喉片中应用的可行性和技术适应性。方法 以双青咽喉片所含的10种成分为指标成分,采用3种校正方法分别建立各成分与没食子酸的相对校正因子（f_k/s）,计算各成分的量,实现一测多评;同时采用外标法和回归方程法测定该10种成分的量,并比较3种f_k/s所得计算值与实测值的差异,以验证一测多评法的准确性和可行性。结果 3批双青咽喉片中10种成分的计算值与实测值间无显著差异。结论 3种校正方式的一测多评法控制双青咽喉片的质量是准确可行的。     

基于一测多评法测定银黄制剂中6种咖啡酰奎宁酸类成分的含量

[目的]建立测定银黄制剂中6种咖啡酰奎宁酸类成分(绿原酸、新绿原酸、隐绿原酸、异绿原酸A、异绿原酸B和异绿原酸C)含量的一测多评(QAMS)方法.[方法]采用Diamonsil C₁₈(4.6 mm×250.0 mm,5.0μm)色谱柱，以0.4%(体积分数)磷酸水溶液(A)-乙腈(B)为流动相进行梯度洗脱(流动速度为1.0 m L·min^-1，进样量10μL，检测波长327 nm，柱温30℃).以绿原酸(5-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸)为内参物，计算其他5种咖啡酰奎宁酸类成分的相对校正因子并计算该5种成分的含量，实现QAMS.同时采用外标法测定6种咖啡酰奎宁酸类成分的含量，并对两种方法测定的结果进行比较，验证QAMS法的可行性和准确性.[结果]在一定线性范围内，以绿原酸为内参，新绿原酸(3-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸)、隐绿原酸(4-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸)、异绿原酸C(4,5-O-二咖啡酰奎宁酸)、异绿原酸A (3,5-O-二咖啡酰奎宁酸)和异绿原酸B (3,4-O-二咖啡酰奎宁酸)5种成分的平均校正因子分别为1.224 3、0.956 9、0.814 1、0.8...     

福白菊化学成分LC-MSn定性分析及HPLC-UV法多成分含量测定

建立LC-MSⁿ法对福白菊化学成分进行定性研究,鉴定了22个化学成分,包括13个黄酮类成分和9个酚酸类成分;采用HPLC-UV法,同一色谱条件下测定福白菊中5种化学成分含量,包括:绿原酸(1)、木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(2)、木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷(3)、3,5-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸(4)、芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(5),建立5种化学成分的回归方程,线性关系均良好(r>0.999 9),加样回收率为98.72%~103.16%,采用此方法成功检测了10个福白菊样品中上述5种成分的含量。本文建立分析方法简便可靠,可定性及定量分析福白菊中的主要化学成分,适用于福白菊药材的质量分析。     

一测多评法同时测定预知子中4种三萜皂苷

目的 建立同时测定预知子中多种三萜皂苷成分的一测多评质量控制方法。方法 采用Alltech Apollo C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）;以乙腈和0.1%的磷酸水溶液为流动相梯度洗脱;以常春藤皂苷元3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷（皂苷P_D, saponins P_D）为内标物,考察在不同色谱柱、流动相系统、HPLC仪器条件下,皂苷P_D,与常春藤皂苷元3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→3)-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷（皂苷X, saponin X）、常春藤皂苷元3-O-β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷（皂苷B, saponin B）、常春藤皂苷元3-O-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷（皂苷A, saponin A）之间的相对校正因子,并利用该相对校正因子（RCF）计算皂苷X、皂苷 B和皂苷 A量。采用外标法同时测定药材中该4种成分的量,将测定值与计算值进行多种统计学检验,以验证该质控方法的准确性和可行性。结果 在不同的条件下,预知子中皂苷 P_D与皂苷 X、皂苷B及皂苷A的相对校正因子重现性良好,（RSD＝0.70%、0.56%、0.59%）,RCF分别为1.180、1.045、0.893。10批预知子中皂苷X、皂苷B及皂苷A的计算值与外标法实测值相比没有显著性差异（P＞0.05）。结论 采用一测多评法控制预知子的质量是准确的、可行的。     

HPLC法测定杏香兔耳风中绿原酸、3, 5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸和木犀草素

目的 建立杏香兔耳风中绿原酸、3, 5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸和木犀草素的测定方法。方法 采用高效液相色谱法测定杏香兔耳风中绿原酸、3, 5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸和木犀草素的量。色谱条件为Diamonsil^TM C₁₈柱（250 mm×40 mm, 5 μm）;流动相甲醇（A）-0.1%磷酸水（B）,梯度洗脱（0～15 min,28% A;15～25 min,28%～40% A;25～50 min,40% A）;体积流量1.0 mL/min;检测波长328 nm;柱温室温。结果 杏香兔耳风中绿原酸、3, 5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸和木犀草素的线性范围分别为0.132～1.32、0.078～0.78、0.034～0.34 μg,平均加样回收率分别为99.1%、103.1%、99.3%。结论 该方法快速简便、精密度好、灵敏度高,可用于杏香兔耳风中绿原酸、3, 5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸和木犀草素的同时测定。     

红鱼眼化学成分研究

目的 研究广西民间草药红鱼眼Phyllanthus reticulatus的化学成分。方法 利用硅胶柱色谱、凝胶柱色谱等手段进行分离纯化,并通过¹H-NMR、¹³C-NMR、MS等波谱学技术进行结构鉴定。结果 共分离得到8个化合物,分别鉴定为β-谷甾醇（1）、3, 4-二-O-甲基鞣花酸（2）、4, 4′-二-O-甲基鞣花酸（3）、3-O-甲基鞣花酸4′-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷（4）、橙皮素7-O-[(α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(6→1)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（5）、无羁萜（6）、二氢红花菜豆酸4′-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（7）、3, 3′-二-O-甲基鞣花酸（8）。结论 化合物2～8为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

中国沙棘籽粕中2个新的黄酮苷类化合物

目的 对中国沙棘Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. sinensis籽粕的化学成分进行研究。方法 采用多种色谱方法进行分离纯化,运用多种谱学方法鉴定化合物的结构。结果 从中国沙棘籽粕的70%乙醇提取物中分离得到3个化合物,分别鉴定为山柰酚-3-O-[(2E)-2, 6-二甲基-6-羟基-2, 7-辛二烯酰-(1→6)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷-7-O-[(2E)-2, 6-二甲基-6-羟基-2, 7-辛二烯酰-(1→3)]-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷（1）、山柰酚-3-O-[(2E)-2, 6-二甲基-6-羟基-2, 7-辛二烯酰-(1→6)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷-7-O-[(2E)-2, 6-二甲基-6-羟基-2, 7-辛二烯酰-(1→2)]-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷（2）、异鼠李素-3-O-β-D-芸香糖苷（3）。结论 化合物1和2均为新的黄酮苷,分别命名为沙棘黄酮苷A和沙棘黄酮苷B。     

黄荆的化学成分研究

目的 研究黄荆Vitex negundo的化学成分。方法 采用十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶（ODS）、葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex LH-20和硅胶柱色谱等色谱技术,对黄荆的化学成分进行分离纯化,通过波谱数据分析,鉴定了化合物的结构。结果 从黄荆95%乙醇提取物正丁醇萃取部位分离得到11个化合物,分别鉴定为异荭草素（1）、黄荆诺苷（2）、木犀草素7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（3）、异牡荆苷（4）、木犀草素3′-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸苷（5）、芹菜素7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（6）、山柰酚3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（7）、迷迭香酸甲酯（8）、5-O-咖啡酰基-奎宁酸甲酯（9）、咖啡酸（10）及银桦苷G（11）。结论 化合物5～11为首次从牡荆属植物中分离得到,化合物3、4为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

唐古特大黄化学成分研究

目的 研究蓼科大黄属植物唐古特大黄Rheum tanguticum根的化学成分。方法 采用硅胶和凝胶柱色谱方法进行分离,经核磁和质谱等波谱分析方法鉴定化合物结构。结果 分离得到16个化合物,分别鉴定为大黄酚（1）、大黄素（2）、大黄素甲醚（3）、大黄酚-1-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（4）、大黄酸（5）、芦荟大黄素8-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（6）、大黄素8-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（7）、林氏莲花掌素（8）、4-(4′-对羟基苯基)-2-丁酮-4′-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（9）、白黎芦醇4′-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（10）、白黎芦醇4′-O-β-D-(6″-O-没食子酰)-吡喃葡萄糖苷（11）、6-羟基酸模素-8-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（12）、表儿茶素-3-O-没食子酸酯（13）、儿茶素（14）、对羟基苯丙烯酸葡萄糖酯（15）、对羟基苯甲酸葡萄糖酯（16）。结论 化合物15、16为首次从唐古特大黄中分离得到。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.