复方小儿湿疹微乳的制备及经皮渗透研究

目的 以中药复方小儿湿疹方有效部位为模型药物,制备治疗小儿湿疹的经皮给药复方微乳。方法 通过单因素试验及伪三元相图的绘制筛选微乳组分,并以药物体外经皮渗透速率进一步优化微乳处方。结果 优选的复方小儿湿疹微乳处方为肉豆蔻酸异丙酯-Cremophor EL-丙三醇-水（6.5∶29.25∶29.25∶35）,平均粒径为（24.54±0.22）nm,Zeta电位为（?26.5±0.2）mV;黄连生物碱、丹皮酚稳态透皮速率（J_s）分别为114.70、74.09 μg/(cm²·h),比原湿疹洗剂的J_s分别提高了17和10倍。结论 复方小儿湿疹微乳性状均一、澄清透明,质量稳定,透皮性能好。     

酮洛芬微乳凝胶的制备及透皮机制

制备酮洛芬微乳凝胶,研究其体外透皮特性及可能的机制。以伪三元相图为基础、累积渗透量和皮肤滞留量为指标,用改进的 Franz扩散池考察微乳处方中各成分的用量及凝胶基质的存在对离体鼠皮透皮特性的影响。运用DSC、HE染色法和荧光标记技术进行透皮机制研究。结果表明,酮洛芬微乳与微乳凝胶体外透皮8 h的皮肤滞留量分别为(705.13±33.18)和（502.75±28.54）μg/cm²,是溶液对照组的4.66和3.22倍。微乳与微乳凝胶处理后,皮肤角质层类脂结构被破坏,细胞间隙增加,香豆素标记制剂主要分布于皮肤表层和毛囊等部位。     

鬼臼毒素醇质体的体外经皮渗透特性研究

目的 研究鬼臼毒素醇质体经皮渗透特性。方法 通过体外经皮渗透试验,比较鬼臼毒素在大鼠皮肤中的稳态透皮速率和皮肤滞留量,分别考察以醇质体、酊剂、脂质体、30%乙醇混悬液以及鬼臼毒素与空白醇质体物理混合物作为载体,鬼臼毒素经皮渗透特性。结果 鬼臼毒素醇质体的12 h皮肤滞留量为8.17 μg/cm²,高于其他各组;稳态透皮速率小于鬼臼毒素载药量为0.5%的脂质体组及乙醇混悬液组（P＜0.05）,与其他对照组无显著差异。结论 醇质体具有较大的皮肤滞留量及较小的透皮速率。     

雷公藤红素纳米结构脂质载体的制备及其体外透皮研究

目的 制备雷公藤红素纳米结构脂质载体（nanostructured lipid carriers,NLC）,考察其性质并进行体外透皮研究。方法 采用溶剂挥散法制备雷公藤红素NLC,并对其微观形态、粒径、Zeta电位、包封率及体外释放行为进行研究,用Franz扩散池考察其透皮吸收行为,HPLC法测定雷公藤红素的量。结果 雷公藤红素NLC平均粒径为（132.3±25）nm,Zeta电位为（?26.5±3.4）mV,包封率为（88.64±0.37）%,NLC的微观形貌呈类球形粒子。雷公藤红素NLC中药物的体外释放符合Higuchi方程（Q＝0.096 2 t^1/2－0.040 6,r＝0.995 1）,其12 h药物累积透皮量虽低于雷公藤红素溶液,但皮肤滞留量是雷公藤红素溶液的11.59倍。结论 所制备的雷公藤红素NLC可以显著增加药物在皮肤中的滞留量,有望开发为雷公藤红素的新型局部给药制剂。     

孕二烯酮-炔雌醇双层贴剂的制备及体内外评价

目的： 制备孕二烯酮与炔雌醇复方的双层避孕贴剂,并考察其体外的特性和体内的避孕效果。方法： 采用迭层浇注技术实现药物7日内的恒速释放,利用偏振光显微镜观察药物的分布,并进行含量均匀度、黏性、刺激性、释放以及经皮渗透实验评价制剂的体外特性,通过抗着床以及抗生育实验考察其避孕效果。结果： 药物的体外释放符合Higuchi方程;孕二烯酮的每日渗透量约为7.5 μg/cm²,炔雌醇约为3.0 μg/cm²,且两者的体外经皮渗透呈现零级过程,渗透速率分别达到0.377 μg/(cm²·h)和0.092 μg/(cm²·h);经皮给药组的胚胎数为零,其子宫系数与空白对照组相比明显减小（P<0.01）。结论： 当释放层与贮库层的药物比例为1∶4时,双层的经皮给药系统可以维持药物的7 d平稳释放,体内评价证明其避孕效果良好。所制备的贴剂有望成为新型的非口服避孕制剂。     

盐酸青藤碱醇质体的制备及其性质考察

目的 研究盐酸青藤碱醇质体的最佳制备工艺,并考察不同促渗剂对其体外经皮渗透的影响和该制剂的皮肤过敏性。方法 采用注入法制备盐酸青藤碱醇质体,以包封率为评价指标,通过正交设计优化最佳制备工艺;同时对其形态、Zeta电位、粒径大小进行分析;以氮酮为阳性促渗剂,研究丁香精油等不同促渗剂预处理离体小鼠腹部皮肤24 h后,对盐酸青藤碱24 h累积渗透量的影响。以豚鼠为动物模型,进行皮肤过敏性试验。结果 所得青藤碱醇质体平均包封率为（66.18±1.84）%,平均粒径为（102.2±10.4）nm,Zeta电位为（?52.4±1.5）mV。2%丁香酚预处理皮肤组,盐酸青藤碱醇质体24 h的累积渗透量为412.493 2 μg/cm²,大约是醇质体组（未促渗）的1.6倍、水溶液组（未促渗）的5.8倍。该制剂外用对皮肤无致敏性。结论 优选得到的盐酸青藤碱醇质体处方和制备工艺合理,醇质体稳定性良好,经皮给药安全。2%丁香酚可显著提高盐酸青藤碱的体外渗透效果。     

药用库拉索芦荟活性多糖的护肤特性研究

目的 研究库拉索芦荟多糖的保湿特性、经皮吸收特性以及皮肤安全性。方法 采用超声辅助提取芦荟活性多糖,并通过人体皮肤水分含量和水分散失量测试法对所制备的芦荟活性多糖的保湿特性（包括锁水、保水两个方面）进行评价;Franz扩散池体外透皮吸收法评价其透皮吸收特性;人体斑贴试验评价其皮肤安全性。结果 与空白对照组比较,库拉索芦荟多糖可显著提高皮肤水合状态（P＜0.05）,同时降低经皮失水（P＜0.05）;多糖质量浓度为5%时,皮肤渗透速率达到0.251 0 mg/(h?cm²),24 h累计渗透量达（4.151 9±0.046 2）mg/cm²;人体皮肤斑贴试验中全部评定为0级反应。结论 库拉索芦荟活性多糖对皮肤具有显著的保湿功效以及较强的皮肤渗透力,并且高度安全,可作为优良的保湿添加剂在化妆品等肤用产品中广泛应用。     

药用库拉索芦荟活性多糖的护肤特性研究

目的 研究库拉索芦荟多糖的保湿特性、经皮吸收特性以及皮肤安全性。方法 采用超声辅助提取芦荟活性多糖,并通过人体皮肤水分含量和水分散失量测试法对所制备的芦荟活性多糖的保湿特性（包括锁水、保水两个方面）进行评价;Franz扩散池体外透皮吸收法评价其透皮吸收特性;人体斑贴试验评价其皮肤安全性。结果 与空白对照组比较,库拉索芦荟多糖可显著提高皮肤水合状态（P＜0.05）,同时降低经皮失水（P＜0.05）;多糖质量浓度为5%时,皮肤渗透速率达到0.251 0 mg/(h?cm²),24 h累计渗透量达（4.151 9±0.046 2）mg/cm²;人体皮肤斑贴试验中全部评定为0级反应。结论 库拉索芦荟活性多糖对皮肤具有显著的保湿功效以及较强的皮肤渗透力,并且高度安全,可作为优良的保湿添加剂在化妆品等肤用产品中广泛应用。     

消炎镇痛巴布膏剂的体外透皮吸收研究

目的 对消炎镇痛巴布膏剂中的主药丹参透皮特性进行研究,优选消炎镇痛巴布膏剂最佳渗透促进剂。方法 以丹酚酸B和丹参酮II_A为指标性成分,采用Franz扩散池法进行体外透皮吸收实验,用HPLC法测定丹酚酸B和丹参酮II_A在不同促渗剂下的透皮吸收速率和累积透皮渗透量。结果 丹酚酸B和丹参酮II_A在不同的促渗剂下具有不同的透皮吸收量,在氮酮-丙二醇（1∶1）促渗条件下,巴布剂中丹酚酸B和丹参酮II_A透皮吸收速率分别为3.62、1.35 μg/(cm²·h)（大鼠皮肤）,24 h累积渗透量分别为88.72、16.12 μg/cm²,分别是不含促渗剂的巴布膏剂透皮吸收速率的6倍和10倍。结论 以氮酮-丙二醇（1∶1）作为渗透促进剂,对水溶性丹酚酸B和脂溶性丹参酮II_A都有较好的促渗作用。     

苦参碱自微乳化制剂的制备工艺研究

目的 制备苦参碱自微乳制剂,并对其进行质量评价。方法 通过溶解度试验、伪三元相图的研究,筛选出苦参碱自微乳最佳处方;在此基础上制备苦参碱自微乳制剂,建立HPLC法测定自微乳中苦参碱的方法;对自微乳的外观、形态、粒径及其分布、Zeta电位、载药量和稳定性进行考察。结果 苦参碱自微乳最佳处方为苦参碱-油酸-油酸乙酯-EL-40-异丙醇（0.5∶0.15∶0.15∶0.35∶0.35）;制备的苦参碱自微乳为澄明液体,流动性、稳定性好,遇水形成O/W型微乳,平均粒径（68.00±0.07）nm（n＝3）,平均载药量为42.689 mg/mL（n＝3）。结论 自微乳制剂制备工艺简单、性质稳定,为苦参碱自微乳制剂的进一步研究奠定基础。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.