乳腺肿块的高频及彩色多普勒超声诊断与病理对照分析

目的探讨高频声像图与彩色多普勒血流(CDFI)对乳腺良恶性肿块的诊断价值,尤其是乳腺增生症的高频声像图所见与病理组织类型的关系,以提高超声对乳腺肿块的诊断符合率。方法对196例乳腺肿块患者的高频声像图及彩色多普勒血流作详细观察记录,将乳腺肿块分为3组,即乳腺增生病81例、乳腺癌70例、乳腺纤维腺瘤45例,与病理学组织类型进行对比研究。结果乳腺增生病,乳腺癌,乳腺纤维腺瘤的高频声像图表现,如肿块的边界、内部回声、肿块数目、钙化、衰减及彩色血流的表现,与病理对照均有不同的特征性表现,但也有一部分有重复交叉的表现。各组肿块的敏感性,特异性,准确率,阴性及阳性预测值,乳腺增生组敏感性89%,特异性96.5%,准确率93%,阴性预测值93%,阳性预测值95%;乳腺癌敏感性89%,特异性94%,准确率92%,阴性预测值96%,阳性预测值89%;乳腺纤维腺瘤敏感性89%,特异性93%,准确率92%,阴性预测值96%,阳性预测值80%。结论乳腺肿块的高频声像图与病理组织学类型对照具有特征性表现,结合CDFI有很大的临床应用价值,可提高诊断乳腺肿块的诊断符合率。     

能量多普勒超声对乳腺良恶性肿瘤血流形态学及动力学指标的分析

目的:将能量多普勒超声用于乳腺良恶性肿瘤血流形态学及动力学的分析,试图为临床提供更多的乳腺癌早期诊断有价值的信息。方法:术前1周运用能量多普勒超声对76例乳腺良恶性肿瘤患者原发灶的血流形态学以及动力学指标进行分析。结果:能量多普勒检测乳腺良恶性肿瘤的彩色血流分级总体统计学有显著性差异(P<0·05),Ⅲ级血流信号的检出是乳癌的非常重要的指标(P<0·05)。但χ2分割后发现良恶性肿瘤在血流分级Ⅱ级有部分重叠,且25%的良性肿瘤可检出Ⅲ级血流信号。良性肿瘤以分支型和散在星点状为主,其中散在星点状为最多见的良性肿瘤血管形态学特征。恶性肿瘤以中央穿入型和分支型为主(P<0·05),其中中央穿入型为最多见的恶性肿瘤血管形态学特征。只有肿瘤内部的Vmax在鉴别乳腺肿瘤良恶性方面统计学有显著性差异(P<0·05),肿瘤周边血管的血流动力学参数和肿瘤内的RI在鉴别乳腺肿瘤的良恶性方面无统计学意义。如果用百分位数法求得肿瘤内部Vmax:13cm/s为鉴别乳腺肿瘤的良恶性的最佳界值,其敏感性,特异性分别为86%,83%。结论:能量多普勒超声对乳腺良恶性肿瘤血流形态学及动力学指标的检测可为临床提供更多的乳腺癌早期诊断的有价值的信息。     

高频彩超对腮腺肿瘤的诊断与鉴别诊断价值

目的:探讨超声对腮腺肿瘤的诊断与鉴别诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的173例腮腺肿瘤的声像图资料。结果:173例腮腺肿瘤中,良性159例,超声诊断符合率71.1%(113/159),恶性14例,超声诊断符合率71.4%(10/14)。良性病变常表现为形态规则边界清楚的肿块,以混合瘤居多,其次为腺淋巴瘤;恶性病变常表现为形态不规则,边界不清晰的肿块,以黏液表皮样癌居多。良恶性肿瘤在形态、边界、包膜、有无液化(囊实混合)、钙化及CDFI等表现方面差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:高频彩超是腮腺良恶性肿瘤鉴别诊断的重要方法。     

乳腺叶状肿瘤与纤维腺瘤高频超声特征的对比分析

目的:探讨高频超声对乳腺叶状肿瘤与纤维腺瘤的诊断价值。方法:对术前行高频彩色多普勒超声检查、并经手术病理证实的48例乳腺叶状肿瘤和128例纤维腺瘤的超声声像图和临床资料进行回顾性对比分析。结果:高频超声声像图显示2组在肿瘤形状、内部回声、有无钙化及无回声区、后方回声、血流信号分级方面差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:高频超声声像图示肿块呈欠规则或不规则形,内部回声不均匀,见钙化及无回声区,后方回声增强,彩色血流分级呈Ⅱ或Ⅲ级,均视为乳腺叶状肿瘤与纤维腺瘤的鉴别要点。     

应用高频彩超诊断乳腺肿瘤的临床价值

目的:探讨高频彩色多普勒超声检查对乳腺肿瘤的诊断价值.方法:将27例患者行乳腺肿块切除的术前超声检查与术后病理结果对照分析.结果:高频彩色多普勒超声检查对检出乳腺肿瘤的良、恶性诊断符合率分别为89%及94%.结论:高频彩色多普勒超声检查对乳腺肿瘤的诊断有较高的临床应用价值.     

乳腺分叶状肿瘤的超声表现与病理对照分析

目的:分析乳腺分叶状肿瘤的超声表现,提高对该病的认识。方法:回顾性分析我院18例经手术病理证实的乳腺分叶状肿瘤患者的临床及影像资料,探讨其超声表现。结果:18例中,病理为良性者14例,交界性3例,恶性1例。乳腺超声主要表现为分叶状肿块11例;最大径≥3cm 7例;11例内部回声不均匀。乳腺超声与病理诊断的符合率为55.5%。结论:乳腺分叶状肿瘤的超声表现有一定特征性,肿瘤分叶状形态及不均匀内部回声是其特征性表现。     

超声检查诊断乳腺良、恶性肿瘤的价值

目的:探讨乳腺良、恶性肿瘤的二维和彩色多普勒超声的特征性改变.材料和方法:超声检查82例乳腺肿块,并与手术病理对照,分析良、恶性肿瘤的声像图特点.结果:乳腺恶性肿瘤形态不规则,边界呈毛刺状,包膜不完整或无包膜,特别是病灶内微小钙化点与穿支血管的检出率分别为44.2%(23/52)和82.7%(43/52),明显高于良性肿瘤(P<0.01).结论:超声检查对乳腺肿瘤的诊断与鉴别诊断有重要价值,如肿块中探查到微小钙化点/穿支血管,常提示乳腺癌.     

乳腺叶状肿瘤的高频超声特征及临床分析

目的探讨乳腺叶状肿瘤(phyllodes tumor of the breast,PTB)的高频超声特征及其鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法分析我院32例乳腺叶状肿瘤和38例纤维腺瘤的高频彩色多普勒超声图像及病理资料,综合相关信息行鉴别诊断。结果两组患者在形态、包膜、内部回声、囊性变、后方回声等二维超声声像图特征方面比较存在显著差异,且差异具有统计学意义;而在钙化方面,两组比较无明显差异。乳腺叶状肿瘤组患者的血流分级情况与纤维腺瘤组比较存在显著差异,且差异具有统计学意义。结论乳腺叶状肿瘤高频超声表现有一定的特点,但乳腺良性、交界性与恶性叶状肿瘤的高频超声表现无明显差别,仍需进一步研究。     

乳腺肿块85例彩色多普勒超声图像分析

目的评价高频彩色多普勒显像(CDFI)超声对乳腺肿块的诊断价值。方法对手术病理证实的85例乳腺肿块的连缘形态、内部钙化、后方回声、周围组织及CDFI血流信号情况等彩超图像进行分析。结果超声与手术病理对照,超声诊断符合率91%,绝大多数的恶性肿块超声特点:外形不规则,内回声不均,砂粒样钙化、后方衰减,纵横径比值>0.77,CDFI检出血流信号99%左右,RI>0·75等,但也有例外,特别是小乳癌。结论彩色多普勒超声对乳腺肿块检出率100%,且肿块性质的判定对临床手术有较高的指导价值。     

20MHz超高频超声对乳腺小病灶诊断的优越性

目的 :探讨 2 0MHz超高频超声在乳腺小病灶诊断中的价值。方法 :分别用一般高频超声及 2 0MHz超高频超声对 3 0例乳腺病灶进行观察 ,二者相互结合、相互弥补 ,对乳腺病灶作出诊断。结果 :3 0例乳腺病灶包括乳腺癌 5例 ,纤维腺瘤 10例 ,乳腺小囊肿 3例 ,炎性包块 3例 ,瘤样增生 4例 ,导管内乳头状瘤 4例 ,脂肪瘤 1例 ,超声诊断符合率 87%。结论 :2 0MHz超高频超声对乳腺小病灶的诊断有独特的优越性 ,对鉴别其囊实性、良恶性及病灶定位有较高的价值     

乳腺肿块的热断层成像分析

目的:探讨乳腺肿块在热断层成像系统(TTM)中热源的特点。方法:将乳腺肿块106例病人进行TTM检查,与病理结果对照,从乳腺异常热源的形态、结构、深度及热辐射值来分析良、恶性病变在TTM上的表现。结果:病理结果恶性病变49例,良性病变57例,TTM在乳腺良、恶性肿瘤诊断与病理诊断的符合率为89.5%和91.9%,良、恶性肿瘤热辐射值分别为1.822和2.599(P<0.001),深度在良、恶性肿瘤中也有明显差异。结论:恶性病变的形态多不规则,结构密实,热辐射值较高,良性病变则相反;TTM在乳腺良、恶性肿瘤的鉴别诊断中有重要的价值。     

乳腺癌的彩色多普勒及高频超声表现(附82例分析)

目的 探讨乳腺癌的高频超声图像特征及彩色多普勒血流表现。方法回顾性分析82例经手术、病理证实为乳腺癌的高频超声表现及彩色多普勒血流特征：结果乳腺癌的高频超声图像像，如肿块的形态、边界、内部回声、钙化、衰减及彩色多普勒血流，有一定的特征。结论高频超声与彩色多普勒技术联合应用诊断乳腺癌，其诊断符合率会有一定的提高。     

彩色多普勒密度量化值在诊断乳腺肿块中的价值

目的:通过与半定量分析方法的比较,评价计算机辅助定量分析彩色多普勒信号密度在乳腺癌诊断中的应用价值.材料和方法:50例乳腺肿块患者(恶性37例,良性13例),分别用半定量和计算机辅助定量分析方法检测,比较这两种方法对良、恶性乳腺肿块鉴别诊断的灵敏度、特异度和准确性.结果:良、恶性乳腺肿块CDFI等级间的差异无显著性.而良、恶性乳腺肿块CDFI密度量化值间的差异存在显著性,P＜0.01.以CDFI密度量化值大于3.62(良性乳腺肿块的CDFI密度量化平均值)作为乳腺恶性肿块的诊断标准:准确性76.0%,特异度83.8%,灵敏度53.8%,均高于CDFI等级法.结论:信号密度量化分析方法由于在对彩色血流信号的识别上,并没受到主观因素的影响,因此较半定量分析方法能更客观和可靠地反映肿块内的血供情况.     

高频超声与X线钼靶对早期乳腺癌的诊断价值

目的 分析比较高频超声、X线钼靶单独及两者联合应用对早期乳腺癌的诊断价值.方法 体检发现乳腺包块、怀疑乳腺肿瘤的258例患者,行高频超声、X线钼靶的单独检查和联合检查,并行手术治疗.对照分析手术病理与影像学表现.结果 258例患者,手术病理证实早期乳腺恶性肿瘤135例,良性乳腺肿瘤123例.对于诊断早期乳腺癌,联合检查的敏感性优于单独的高频超声检查或X线钼靶检查(P<0.05),准确性优于X线钼靶检查(P<0.05),特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、假阳性、假阴性等指标3组间均无显著差异(P均>0.05).对于早期乳腺癌患者,高频超声和X线钼靶相比,检出的钙化灶较少(18.3% vs 36.5%,P<0.01),能够发现更多的乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移(69.0% vs 33.3%,P<0.01).结论 高频超声与X线钼靶的单独和联合检查对于早期乳腺恶性肿瘤均为可靠的影像学诊断方法,联合应用诊断早期乳腺癌具有较高的敏感性和准确性.     

Benign breast lesions that simulate malignancy: magnetic resonance imaging with radiologic-pathologic correlation

The typical appearance of benign breast conditions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is well established and diagnosis is usually easy. However, cases of benign breast lesions that are extremely difficult to differentiate from malignant breast tumors are occasionally encountered in MRI of the breast because overlap between benign and malignant lesions characteristics is found. This article describes the MRI features of a variety of suspicious breast conditions that were confirmed to be benign in the histopathologic study. We evaluated both enhancement kinetics and lesion morphological information to differentiate malignant from benign lesions. We also correlated the MRI findings with clinical data, and mammographic, ultrasound, and pathologic findings. Lesions evaluated included benign proliferative breast disease, fibroadenoma, intraductal papilloma, granular cell tumor, pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia, fat necrosis, mastitis, inflammatory granuloma, epidermal inclusion cyst, and benign intramammary lymph node.     

Phyllodes tumors of the breast

The aim of this study was to describe the clinical, mammographic, and sonographic findings of phyllodes tumor of the breast and correlate them to the benign or malignant pathological nature of the lesion and its clinical behavior. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical, radiologic, and pathologic findings of 12 cases of phyllodes tumors diagnosed in our hospital in the past 6 years, 6 of which were malignant. The surgical management and clinical course of the patients were also reviewed. Mammographically, soft tissue masses ranging from 2.5 to 15 cm were present in all patients. One patient had a mixed fat and water density mass and 2 patients had masses associated with coarse calcifications. At sonography, all tumors were well circumscribed; two of them were homogeneously hypoechoic, and the rest had heterogeneous internal echoes. Eight patients showed internal cystic areas. None of these characteristics proved to be useful in ascertaining the benign or malignant nature of the tumor. At surgery, 5 patients underwent mastectomy and 7 patients local excision of the tumor. Three of the later tumors, one benign and two malignant, recurred after several months. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy suggested the diagnosis of phyllodes tumor in only 3 cases. After surgery, six tumors were classified as benign and six as malignant, three of which being of low-grade malignancy. None of the clinical or radiologic characteristics of the tumors were useful in predicting their histological nature or their behavior after surgery. Preoperative fine-needle aspiration biopsy often misdiagnosed the tumor as benign fibroadenoma. Only the histopathologic features of the excised mass proved to be helpful in assessing malignancy. Received: 3 July 1997; Revision received: 18 December 1997; Accepted: 28 April 1998     

计算机X线成像钼靶X线摄影联合医学影像存储与传输系统对乳腺肿瘤的诊断价值

目的探讨计算机X线成像（CR）钼靶X线摄影联合医学影像存储与传输（PACS）系统对乳腺良、恶性肿瘤的诊断价值。方法回顾分析,对50例经手术病理证实的乳腺肿瘤患者采用头尾位（CC位）、内外侧斜位（LMO位）,必要时加摄侧位及局部点片,并与术后病理结果对照分析。结果①根据CR钼靶X线摄影联合PACS系统影像表现特点,50例乳腺肿瘤中,44例诊断为乳腺癌,5例为乳腺增生,1例为纤维腺瘤。②病理证实50例乳腺肿瘤患者43例为乳腺癌,2例为重度不典型增生,4例为轻度不典型增生,1例为乳腺纤维腺瘤。结论CR钼靶X线摄影联合PACS系统是乳腺恶性肿瘤的最主要和最有价值的诊断方法。     

Atlas of breast magnetic resonance imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the breast has become important not only for assessing the extent of breast cancer for breast-conserving surgery but also for the evaluation and diagnosis of other benign and malignant pathologies. We radiologists therefore need to know the appropriate indications for performing breast MRI and understand the MRI features of breast disease. We herein review and discuss the application of current pulse sequences and the imaging strategies for MRI of breast pathologies. We will illustrate the MRI features of various breast pathologies including malignant tumors such as invasive and noninvasive ductal carcinoma, special types of invasive carcinoma (mucinous, apocrine, lobular carcinoma, spindle cell carcinoma, and so on), inflammatory carcinoma, semimalignant tumor (phyllodes tumor), benign tumors (fibroadenoma, intraductal and intracystic papilloma), inflammatory conditions, and postsurgical changes. We will also demonstrate three-dimensional fusion images of MR ductography and breast MRI of patients with nipple discharge.     

超声弹性成像对乳腺肿瘤良恶性的鉴别诊断价值

 目的 探讨超声弹性成像技术对乳腺良恶性肿瘤的鉴别诊断价值。方法 对我院186例患者的205个乳腺肿块,行超声弹性成像检查,评分采用改良5分法,4~5分为恶性,1~3分为良性,并以病理诊断作为金标准。结果 灵敏度80%,特异度98.7%,准确率94.1%,阳性预测值95.2%,阴性预测值93.9%,一致性检验χ²为138.9,P<0.01。被误诊为良性的肿块分别是浸润性癌4例,黏液腺癌1例,髓样癌3例,纤维腺癌2例;被误诊为恶性的均为纤维腺瘤。结论 超声弹性成像检查在鉴别诊断乳腺肿瘤良恶性方面准确率较高。