Reconstruction of Ⅴ and Ⅷ bepatic veins in right lobe (without middle hepatic vein) living donor liver transplantation

Objective To summarize the experience of reconstruction of Ⅴ and Ⅷ hepatic veins in right lobe (without middle hepatic vein) living donor liver transplantation. Methods The clinical data of 55 cases of living donor liver transplantation of right lobe without middle hepatic vein were analyzed, and Ⅴ and Ⅷ hepatic veins were reconstructed. All donors underwent evaluation on the basis of vascular anatomy, GRWR and graft volume/ESLV. Fifty-one grafts underwent reconstruction of Ⅴ and Ⅷ hepatic veins with cold-storage cadaveric iliac veins. Great saphenous vein, varicose umbilical veins, recipient intrahepatic portal veins and recipient intrahepatic veins were used respectively in the remaining 4 cases. Results One recipient died of obstruction of out-flow on the postoperative day 43. One recipient was converted to cadaver donor liver transplantation at the 7th day after operation, because of acute liver function failure. The remaining 53 cases recovered successfully. Conclusion Reconstruction of Ⅴ and Ⅷ hepatic veins with proper materials in right lobe (without middle hepatic vein) living donor liver transplantation is feasible, and the effect is satisfactory.     

Reconstruction of Ⅴ and Ⅷ bepatic veins in right lobe (without middle hepatic vein) living donor liver transplantation

Objective To summarize the experience of reconstruction of Ⅴ and Ⅷ hepatic veins in right lobe (without middle hepatic vein) living donor liver transplantation. Methods The clinical data of 55 cases of living donor liver transplantation of right lobe without middle hepatic vein were analyzed, and Ⅴ and Ⅷ hepatic veins were reconstructed. All donors underwent evaluation on the basis of vascular anatomy, GRWR and graft volume/ESLV. Fifty-one grafts underwent reconstruction of Ⅴ and Ⅷ hepatic veins with cold-storage cadaveric iliac veins. Great saphenous vein, varicose umbilical veins, recipient intrahepatic portal veins and recipient intrahepatic veins were used respectively in the remaining 4 cases. Results One recipient died of obstruction of out-flow on the postoperative day 43. One recipient was converted to cadaver donor liver transplantation at the 7th day after operation, because of acute liver function failure. The remaining 53 cases recovered successfully. Conclusion Reconstruction of Ⅴ and Ⅷ hepatic veins with proper materials in right lobe (without middle hepatic vein) living donor liver transplantation is feasible, and the effect is satisfactory.     

Reconstruction of Ⅴ and Ⅷ bepatic veins in right lobe (without middle hepatic vein) living donor liver transplantation

Objective To summarize the experience of reconstruction of Ⅴ and Ⅷ hepatic veins in right lobe (without middle hepatic vein) living donor liver transplantation. Methods The clinical data of 55 cases of living donor liver transplantation of right lobe without middle hepatic vein were analyzed, and Ⅴ and Ⅷ hepatic veins were reconstructed. All donors underwent evaluation on the basis of vascular anatomy, GRWR and graft volume/ESLV. Fifty-one grafts underwent reconstruction of Ⅴ and Ⅷ hepatic veins with cold-storage cadaveric iliac veins. Great saphenous vein, varicose umbilical veins, recipient intrahepatic portal veins and recipient intrahepatic veins were used respectively in the remaining 4 cases. Results One recipient died of obstruction of out-flow on the postoperative day 43. One recipient was converted to cadaver donor liver transplantation at the 7th day after operation, because of acute liver function failure. The remaining 53 cases recovered successfully. Conclusion Reconstruction of Ⅴ and Ⅷ hepatic veins with proper materials in right lobe (without middle hepatic vein) living donor liver transplantation is feasible, and the effect is satisfactory.     

Reconstruction of Ⅴ and Ⅷ bepatic veins in right lobe (without middle hepatic vein) living donor liver transplantation

Objective To summarize the experience of reconstruction of Ⅴ and Ⅷ hepatic veins in right lobe (without middle hepatic vein) living donor liver transplantation. Methods The clinical data of 55 cases of living donor liver transplantation of right lobe without middle hepatic vein were analyzed, and Ⅴ and Ⅷ hepatic veins were reconstructed. All donors underwent evaluation on the basis of vascular anatomy, GRWR and graft volume/ESLV. Fifty-one grafts underwent reconstruction of Ⅴ and Ⅷ hepatic veins with cold-storage cadaveric iliac veins. Great saphenous vein, varicose umbilical veins, recipient intrahepatic portal veins and recipient intrahepatic veins were used respectively in the remaining 4 cases. Results One recipient died of obstruction of out-flow on the postoperative day 43. One recipient was converted to cadaver donor liver transplantation at the 7th day after operation, because of acute liver function failure. The remaining 53 cases recovered successfully. Conclusion Reconstruction of Ⅴ and Ⅷ hepatic veins with proper materials in right lobe (without middle hepatic vein) living donor liver transplantation is feasible, and the effect is satisfactory.     

Reconstruction of Ⅴ and Ⅷ bepatic veins in right lobe (without middle hepatic vein) living donor liver transplantation

Objective To summarize the experience of reconstruction of Ⅴ and Ⅷ hepatic veins in right lobe (without middle hepatic vein) living donor liver transplantation. Methods The clinical data of 55 cases of living donor liver transplantation of right lobe without middle hepatic vein were analyzed, and Ⅴ and Ⅷ hepatic veins were reconstructed. All donors underwent evaluation on the basis of vascular anatomy, GRWR and graft volume/ESLV. Fifty-one grafts underwent reconstruction of Ⅴ and Ⅷ hepatic veins with cold-storage cadaveric iliac veins. Great saphenous vein, varicose umbilical veins, recipient intrahepatic portal veins and recipient intrahepatic veins were used respectively in the remaining 4 cases. Results One recipient died of obstruction of out-flow on the postoperative day 43. One recipient was converted to cadaver donor liver transplantation at the 7th day after operation, because of acute liver function failure. The remaining 53 cases recovered successfully. Conclusion Reconstruction of Ⅴ and Ⅷ hepatic veins with proper materials in right lobe (without middle hepatic vein) living donor liver transplantation is feasible, and the effect is satisfactory.     

Reconstruction of Ⅴ and Ⅷ bepatic veins in right lobe (without middle hepatic vein) living donor liver transplantation

Objective To summarize the experience of reconstruction of Ⅴ and Ⅷ hepatic veins in right lobe (without middle hepatic vein) living donor liver transplantation. Methods The clinical data of 55 cases of living donor liver transplantation of right lobe without middle hepatic vein were analyzed, and Ⅴ and Ⅷ hepatic veins were reconstructed. All donors underwent evaluation on the basis of vascular anatomy, GRWR and graft volume/ESLV. Fifty-one grafts underwent reconstruction of Ⅴ and Ⅷ hepatic veins with cold-storage cadaveric iliac veins. Great saphenous vein, varicose umbilical veins, recipient intrahepatic portal veins and recipient intrahepatic veins were used respectively in the remaining 4 cases. Results One recipient died of obstruction of out-flow on the postoperative day 43. One recipient was converted to cadaver donor liver transplantation at the 7th day after operation, because of acute liver function failure. The remaining 53 cases recovered successfully. Conclusion Reconstruction of Ⅴ and Ⅷ hepatic veins with proper materials in right lobe (without middle hepatic vein) living donor liver transplantation is feasible, and the effect is satisfactory.     

Reconstruction of Ⅴ and Ⅷ bepatic veins in right lobe (without middle hepatic vein) living donor liver transplantation

Objective To summarize the experience of reconstruction of Ⅴ and Ⅷ hepatic veins in right lobe (without middle hepatic vein) living donor liver transplantation. Methods The clinical data of 55 cases of living donor liver transplantation of right lobe without middle hepatic vein were analyzed, and Ⅴ and Ⅷ hepatic veins were reconstructed. All donors underwent evaluation on the basis of vascular anatomy, GRWR and graft volume/ESLV. Fifty-one grafts underwent reconstruction of Ⅴ and Ⅷ hepatic veins with cold-storage cadaveric iliac veins. Great saphenous vein, varicose umbilical veins, recipient intrahepatic portal veins and recipient intrahepatic veins were used respectively in the remaining 4 cases. Results One recipient died of obstruction of out-flow on the postoperative day 43. One recipient was converted to cadaver donor liver transplantation at the 7th day after operation, because of acute liver function failure. The remaining 53 cases recovered successfully. Conclusion Reconstruction of Ⅴ and Ⅷ hepatic veins with proper materials in right lobe (without middle hepatic vein) living donor liver transplantation is feasible, and the effect is satisfactory.     

Reconstruction of Ⅴ and Ⅷ bepatic veins in right lobe (without middle hepatic vein) living donor liver transplantation

Objective To summarize the experience of reconstruction of Ⅴ and Ⅷ hepatic veins in right lobe (without middle hepatic vein) living donor liver transplantation. Methods The clinical data of 55 cases of living donor liver transplantation of right lobe without middle hepatic vein were analyzed, and Ⅴ and Ⅷ hepatic veins were reconstructed. All donors underwent evaluation on the basis of vascular anatomy, GRWR and graft volume/ESLV. Fifty-one grafts underwent reconstruction of Ⅴ and Ⅷ hepatic veins with cold-storage cadaveric iliac veins. Great saphenous vein, varicose umbilical veins, recipient intrahepatic portal veins and recipient intrahepatic veins were used respectively in the remaining 4 cases. Results One recipient died of obstruction of out-flow on the postoperative day 43. One recipient was converted to cadaver donor liver transplantation at the 7th day after operation, because of acute liver function failure. The remaining 53 cases recovered successfully. Conclusion Reconstruction of Ⅴ and Ⅷ hepatic veins with proper materials in right lobe (without middle hepatic vein) living donor liver transplantation is feasible, and the effect is satisfactory.     

Reconstruction of Ⅴ and Ⅷ bepatic veins in right lobe (without middle hepatic vein) living donor liver transplantation

Objective To summarize the experience of reconstruction of Ⅴ and Ⅷ hepatic veins in right lobe (without middle hepatic vein) living donor liver transplantation. Methods The clinical data of 55 cases of living donor liver transplantation of right lobe without middle hepatic vein were analyzed, and Ⅴ and Ⅷ hepatic veins were reconstructed. All donors underwent evaluation on the basis of vascular anatomy, GRWR and graft volume/ESLV. Fifty-one grafts underwent reconstruction of Ⅴ and Ⅷ hepatic veins with cold-storage cadaveric iliac veins. Great saphenous vein, varicose umbilical veins, recipient intrahepatic portal veins and recipient intrahepatic veins were used respectively in the remaining 4 cases. Results One recipient died of obstruction of out-flow on the postoperative day 43. One recipient was converted to cadaver donor liver transplantation at the 7th day after operation, because of acute liver function failure. The remaining 53 cases recovered successfully. Conclusion Reconstruction of Ⅴ and Ⅷ hepatic veins with proper materials in right lobe (without middle hepatic vein) living donor liver transplantation is feasible, and the effect is satisfactory.     

Clinical and imaging study on hepatic venous congestion of Ⅴ, Ⅷ segments in living donor liver transplantation

Objective To evaluate MSCT appearance and impaction of Ⅴ, Ⅷ segments' hepatic venous congestion ( HVC ) on hepatic functional recovery in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT).Methods In this study, 83 patients undergoing LDLT in our hospital were included, all subjects received plain and contrast MSCT examinations at early stage (within 1 month) and later stage (3 months later) after LDLT. MSCT appearance of HVC was recorded, at the same time, gutamic pyruvic transaminase ( ALT),glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (AST), total bilirubin (TB) and prothrombin time (PT) of 1 to 7 days after LDLT between congestion group and non-congestion group were recorded and compared.Results Segments Ⅴ and Ⅷ congestion was identified by after LDLT CT scanning in 20 patients (24. 10% ). Congestion volume and congestion ratio was (218. 25 ± 130. 29) cm3 and 16. 68% ±8. 81%,respectively. HVC often appear as hypoattenuation on plain CT scan and arterial phase, mixed or hyperattenuation on portal vein phase. There was no significant difference of ALT, AST, TB and PT after LDLT between congestion group and non-congestion group (P ＞ 0. 05). Conclusions MSCT is a valuable method to evaluate Ⅴ, Ⅷ segments' HVC after LDLT, most HVC has no impaction on hepatic functional recovery in LDLT patients.     

Clinical and imaging study on hepatic venous congestion of Ⅴ, Ⅷ segments in living donor liver transplantation

Objective To evaluate MSCT appearance and impaction of Ⅴ, Ⅷ segments' hepatic venous congestion ( HVC ) on hepatic functional recovery in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT).Methods In this study, 83 patients undergoing LDLT in our hospital were included, all subjects received plain and contrast MSCT examinations at early stage (within 1 month) and later stage (3 months later) after LDLT. MSCT appearance of HVC was recorded, at the same time, gutamic pyruvic transaminase ( ALT),glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (AST), total bilirubin (TB) and prothrombin time (PT) of 1 to 7 days after LDLT between congestion group and non-congestion group were recorded and compared.Results Segments Ⅴ and Ⅷ congestion was identified by after LDLT CT scanning in 20 patients (24. 10% ). Congestion volume and congestion ratio was (218. 25 ± 130. 29) cm3 and 16. 68% ±8. 81%,respectively. HVC often appear as hypoattenuation on plain CT scan and arterial phase, mixed or hyperattenuation on portal vein phase. There was no significant difference of ALT, AST, TB and PT after LDLT between congestion group and non-congestion group (P ＞ 0. 05). Conclusions MSCT is a valuable method to evaluate Ⅴ, Ⅷ segments' HVC after LDLT, most HVC has no impaction on hepatic functional recovery in LDLT patients.     

活体右半供肝Ⅴ和Ⅷ段静脉回流的重建方法

目的 总结活体右半供肝移植中,不含肝中静脉的右半供肝Ⅴ、Ⅷ段静脉回流的重建方法.方法 回顾性分析55例活体右半供肝移植中,不含肝中静脉的右半供肝Ⅴ、Ⅷ段静脉回流重建的临床资料.所有供者均通过了受者标准肝体积、供肝与受者体重比(GRWR)、供肝与受者标准肝体积比及供肝内血管解剖等指标的综合评估.供肝在切取、灌注及修整后,51例采用尸体髂静脉作为重建材料,其他4例分别采用受者的大隐静脉、曲张的脐静脉、肝内门静脉和肝静脉作为重建材料,以串联的方式重建供肝断面Ⅴ、Ⅷ段静脉回流.肝移植时,供肝肝右静脉与受者肝右静脉开口吻合,重建的Ⅴ、Ⅷ段静脉与受者肝中、肝左静脉汇合部吻合,供肝门静脉与受者门静脉右支或主干吻合.门静脉开放血流后依次重建肝动脉及胆道.术后对供、受者进行常规监测.结果 1例受者术后发生流出道梗阻,术后第43天死亡;1例受者术后第7天出现不明原因的急性重型肝组织坏死,行尸体供肝肝移植后痊愈.其余53例受者恢复顺利,术后4周时腹部CT检查显示重建的移植肝Ⅴ、Ⅷ段静脉回流通畅.55例供者术后均恢复顺利,术后2周出院.结论 不含肝中静脉的活体右半供肝Ⅴ、Ⅷ段静脉回流的重建在活体肝移植中是可行的,应选择合适的重建材料及手术方式.受者肝移植后临床效果良好.     

Reconstruction of the middle hepatic vein tributaries draining segments V and VIII of a right liver graft by using the recipient’s own middle hepatic vein and vascular closure staples

A right liver graft lacking the middle hepatic vein can result in congestion of the anterior segment. We describe a method of reconstructing the middle hepatic vein tributaries by using the recipient’s own middle hepatic vein with vascular closure staples. During a living donor right liver transplantation, the middle hepatic vein tributaries draining segments V (V5) and VIII (V8) of the right lobe graft were reconstructed using the recipient’s own middle hepatic vein and secured with vascular closure staples. Computed tomography showed good venous outflow from the middle hepatic vein and no congestion or atrophy of the anterior segment of the right liver grafts. Thus, using the recipient’s own middle hepatic vein is a suitable option for reconstructing the middle hepatic vein tributaries (V8 and V5) in right-liver living donor transplantation and the application of vascular closure staples helps to accomplish this.     

The evolution of anterior sector venous drainage in right lobe living donor liver transplantation: does one technique fit all?

In living donor liver transplantation (LDLT), an adequate hepatic venous outflow constitutes one of the basic principles of a technically successful procedure. The issue of whether the anterior sector (AS) of the right lobe (RL) graft should or should not be routinely drained has been controversial. The aim of this 10-year, single-center, retrospective cohort study was to review the evolution of our hepatic venous outflow reconstruction technique in RL grafts and evaluate the impact of routine AS drainage strategy on the outcome. The study group consisted of 582 primary RL LDLT performed between July 2004 and December 2014. The cases were divided into 3 consecutive periods with different AS venous outflow reconstruction techniques, which included middle hepatic vein (MHV) drainage in Era 1 (n=119), a more selective AS drainage with cryopreserved homologous grafts in Era 2 (n=391), and routine segment 5 and/or 8 oriented AS drainage with synthetic grafts in Era 3 (n=72). Intraoperative portal flow measurement with routine splenic artery ligation (SAL) technique (in RL grafts with a portal flow of ≥ 250 mL/min/100 g liver tissue) was added later in Era 3. These 3 groups were compared in terms of recipient and donor demographics, surgical characteristics and short-term outcome. The rate of AS venous drainage varied from 58.8% in Era 1 and 35.0% in Era 2 to 73.6% in Era 3 (P<0.001). Perioperative mortality rate of recipients significantly decreased over the years (15.1% in Era 1 and 8.7% in Era 2 vs. 2.8% in Era 3, P=0.01). After the addition of SAL technique in the 45 cases, there was only 1 graft loss and no perioperative mortality. One-year recipient survival rate was also significantly higher in Era 3 (79.6% in Era 1 and 86.1% in Era 2 vs. 92.1% in Era 3, P=0.002). Routine AS drainage via segment 5 and/or 8 veins using synthetic grafts is a technique to fit all RL grafts in LDLT. Addition of SAL effectively prevents early graft dysfunction and significantly improves the outcome.     

Is the absence of Right Hepatic Vein opening into Inferior Vena Cava a contraindication for right lobe liver donation in Living Donor Liver Transplantation? Common hepatic venous trunk—A rare hepatic vein anomaly: A case report and review

IntroductionIn majority of the living liver donors, the left and the middle hepatic veins form a common trunk and the right hepatic vein drains by a separate trunk into the IVC forming two ostial openings. Presentation of Case: This report presents a rare challenge to the operating surgeon in which the three major hepatic veins form a common trunk and drain into the IVC through a single ostial opening. It was detected preoperatively by the routine donor imaging studies.DiscussionTo our knowledge, this type of rare venous anatomy in the setting of living donor liver transplantation has not been described in the literature before. A few studies have described similar anatomy in the cadaveric liver specimen of some particular ethnicity.ConclusionThis type of a rare anomaly poses challenge to the donor operation and requires a sound expertise on the knowledge of hepatic venous anatomy to perform the donor hepatectomy with the appropriate maneuvering.     

A left hepatectomy and caudate lobectomy combined resection of the ventral segment of the right anterior sector for hilar cholangiocarcinoma — the efficacy of PVE (portal vein embolization) in identifying the hepatic subsegment: Report of a case

This report presents a case of a left hepatectomy and a caudate lobectomy combined resection of the ventral segment of the right anterior sector for hilar cholangiocarcinoma using percutaneous transhepatic portal vein embolization (PVE). The patient was a 44-year-old man admitted to a local hospital with obstructive jaundice. He was diagnosed to have hilar cholangiocarcinoma and was referred to the hospital for further treatment. Cholangiography revealed stenosis of the left hepatic duct and the hilar bile ducts. The dorsal branch of the right anterior sector joined the right posterior branch and the tumor did not invade to the confluence of these branches. Arteriography and portography reconstructed by multidetector-raw computed tomography revealed the ventral branches of the right anterior sector, which separately diverged from the other right anterior branches. It was therefore necessary to perform a left hepatectomy and caudate lobectomy combined resection of the ventral segment of the right anterior sector to completely remove the tumor. Portal vein embolization was thus performed on the left portal vein and the ventral branches of the right anterior sector. Intraoperatively, when the hepatic artery was temporally clamped, the demarcation between the ventral segment and the dorsal segment of the right anterior sector could be clearly visualized. The planned surgery was performed safely. This case demonstrates that the utilization of PVE is useful for a difficult and intricate hepatectomy, which requires an accurate identification of a hepatic subsegment.