二甲双胍通过AMPK/STAT3信号通路抑制星形胶质细胞的反应性

探讨二甲双胍对体外培养的大鼠脊髓星形胶质细胞反应性的作用及机制。方法 使用三因子（TNF-α、IL-1α、C1q）诱导产生反应性星形胶质细胞,RT-qPCR及Westernblot检测补体3（C3）的表达;使用5、10、20 mM浓度的二甲双胍处理,Westernblot检测星形胶质细胞中腺苷酸激活蛋白激酶（AMPK）与信号转导和转录激活因子3（STAT3）磷酸化水平;采用AMPK抑制剂Compound C处理,检测AMPK和STAT3磷酸化水平。结果 形态学及RT-qPCR结果显示：与对照组相比,三因子处理改变了星形胶质细胞形态并显著提高了C3的表达（P＜0.05）,表明成功建立反应性星形胶质细胞模型。RT-qPCR结果及Westernblot结果显示：与对照组相比,二甲双胍对C3表达有明显的抑制作用,呈现浓度依赖性（P＜0.05）。在诱导星形胶质细胞反应性过程中,与对照组相比,AMPK的磷酸化水平显著降低（P＜0.05）,使用不同浓度二甲双胍处理后,AMPK的磷酸化水平显著增加且呈浓度依赖性（P＜0.05）,同时信号传导及STAT3的磷酸化水平显著降低且呈浓度依赖性（P＜0.05）。AMPK抑制剂Compound C处理后显著抑制了二甲双胍导致的AMPK活性升高及STAT3活性降低,同时抑制了C3表达下调（P＜0.05）。结论 二甲双胍通过AMPK/STAT3信号通路抑制星形胶质细胞的反应性     

二甲双胍对类风湿性关节炎患者滑膜细胞增殖及凋亡的影响

目的 探讨二甲双胍对类风湿性关节炎患者滑膜细胞增殖与凋亡的影响.方法 取类风湿性关节炎患者滑膜组织,用胰酶消化法分离其滑膜细胞,分别用流式细胞术和CCK-8法检测三种浓度的二甲双胍(10、20、30 mmol/L)对滑膜细胞增殖的影响,TUNEL和流式细胞仪检测滑膜细胞凋亡情况,ELISA法检测二甲双胍处理的滑膜细胞上清中的炎性因子和抗炎性因子.结果 三种浓度(10、20、30 mmol/L)的二甲双胍分别干预滑膜细胞24、48、72 h,均不同程度抑制了滑膜细胞的增殖,且成时间-浓度依赖性.CCK-8法检测结果显示20、30 mmol/L二甲双胍处理显著抑制了滑膜细胞的增殖(P＜0.05),流式细胞术结果表明20 mmol/L二甲双胍处理48 h后,Go/G1期滑膜细胞的百分比与对照组相比显著增加了约20％ (P ＜0.05),S期和G2/M期的细胞比例分别显著下降了9％和11％ (P ＜0.05).凋亡结果表明,20、30 mmol/L二甲双胍处理48、72 h,较对照组显著促进滑膜细胞的凋亡(P＜0.05),流式细胞术显示早期和晚期的滑膜细胞凋亡率约17.5％.检测炎性因子发现,20、30 mmol/L二甲双胍处理后显著降低炎症因子IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α的水平(P＜0.05),增加抗炎因子IL-10水平约66％和76％ (P ＜0.05).结论 二甲双胍可显著抑制体外培养的人滑膜细胞的增殖,诱导其凋亡,可能与二甲双胍降低炎性因子TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β水平和增加抗炎因子IL-10水平有关.     

二甲双胍改善佐剂性关节炎大鼠骨破坏的作用和机制研究

目的:探讨二甲双胍治疗类风湿性关节炎(rheumatoidrthritis arthritis, RA)骨破坏的作用及机制。方法:采用Freund完全佐剂诱导佐剂性关节炎(adjuvant arthritis, AA)大鼠模型。全身评分评价不同剂量二甲双胍对AA大鼠炎症的作用;对各组大鼠踝关节和足部通过X射线成像进行检查;ELISA法对大鼠外周血中钙离子、磷离子、骨保护素(OPG)、核因子κB受体活化因子配体(RANKL)等指标进行测定;免疫组织化学法测定大鼠膝关节腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMP-activated protein kinase, AMPK)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)蛋白表达。探讨二甲双胍对AA大鼠骨破坏的影响及机制。结果:二甲双胍可以改善AA大鼠的全身炎症反应,减轻足爪部肿胀,尤其是高剂量效果更明显。二甲双胍各剂量组均可明显改善AA大鼠的局部骨密度降低和骨缺损;二甲双胍高剂量组血清钙、磷离子水平升高;不同剂量的二甲双胍均可以提高血清OPG,降低RANKL的水平;与模型组相比,二甲双胍可增加AMPK蛋白表达,降低IL-6、TNF-α蛋白表达,...     

二甲双胍对糖尿病大鼠肾脏的保护作用及其机制研究

目的观察二甲双胍对链脲佐菌素（STZ）诱导糖尿病肾病大鼠肾脏的影响，分析二甲双胍的防治功效及其机制。方法选取健康雄性14 周龄Wistar 大鼠36 只，随机分为3 组：正常对照组、糖尿病模型组和二甲双胍干预组。利用STZ 诱导大鼠糖尿病，正常对照组给予生理盐水，第8 周时大鼠糖尿病肾病模型复制成功。采用Western blot检测各组大鼠肾脏中炎症细胞因子[肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、白介素1β（IL-1β）、白介素6（IL-6）]和抗炎症细胞因子[白介素10（IL-10）]的表达。结果糖尿病模型组TNF-α、IL-1β及IL-6的表达水平高于正常对照组（p <0.05），IL-10 的表达水平低于正常对照组（p <0.05）；给予二甲双胍干预后，上述结果逆（p <0.05）。结论二甲双胍可通过抑制肾脏炎症细胞因子的表达，保护STZ诱导的糖尿病大鼠的肾脏。     

二甲双胍阻断乳腺癌细胞-间质细胞的交互作用：基于抑制肿瘤相关成纤维细胞缺氧诱导因子-1α的表达

目的 探讨二甲双胍（Met）对乳腺癌肿瘤-间质细胞交互作用的影响及机制。方法 将肿瘤相关成纤维细胞（CAFs）与乳腺癌细胞共培养,运用二甲双胍进行干预,分为对照组和Met干预组,ELISA及RT-qPCR检测Met对CAFs中HIF-1α、p-AMPK、基质衍生因子-1(SDF-1)和白细胞介素-8(IL-8)等因子的表达变化以及Transwell检测肿瘤细胞侵袭能力的变化。运用外源性SDF-1、IL-8干预后,Transwell检测肿瘤细胞侵袭能力的变化。运用缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)shRNA或过表达质粒调节CAFs-HIF-1α的表达,以及AMPK-shRNA抑制AMPK的表达,并运用OG和2-OXO调节脯氨酸羟化酶的表达,及运用外源性TGF-β1干预后,Western blot及RT-qPCR检测CAFs中p-AMPK、HIF-1α、SDF-1、IL-8的表达,Transwell检测肿瘤细胞侵袭能力的变化。结果 相较于对照组,Met干预组中CAFs的p-AMPK、SDF-1和IL-8的表达水平升高（P<0.05）,HIF-1α表达水平下降（P<0.05）,A...     

Osimertinib联合二甲双胍对非小细胞肺癌PC 9/GR细胞的协同效应

目的 研究Osimertinib联合二甲双胍对吉非替尼获得性耐药的非小细胞肺癌PC 9/GR细胞的生长抑制效应及其可能机制.方法 Osimertinib和二甲双胍单药或联合作用于PC 9/GR细胞后,应用MTT法检测不同药物处理组处理后对PC 9/GR细胞的抑制率影响;荧光染色法观察和流式细胞术检测Osimertinib和二甲双胍单药或联合诱导细胞凋亡的变化;Western blot法检测各药物处理组细胞磷酸化及非磷酸化的AMP依赖的蛋白激酶(AMPK)和70 ku核糖体蛋白S6激酶(P70S6K)蛋白的表达水平.结果 Osimertinib和二甲双胍双药联合作用可显著抑制PC 9/GR细胞的增殖,作用强于各单药(P<0.05),表现为协同作用(联合指数<1);双药联合时相较于单药表现出更强的诱导细胞凋亡的作用;二甲双胍可上调细胞内p-AMPK蛋白的表达,Osimertinib和二甲双胍均可下调p-P70S6K蛋白,且双药联合较单药下调p-P70S6K蛋白水平更为显著.结论 Osimertinib和二甲双胍联合用药对PC 9/GR细胞的增殖有显著抑制作用并可以促进其凋亡的发生,具有协同作用.     

二甲双胍对变应性鼻炎小鼠炎性状态的影响

目的探讨二甲双胍对变应性鼻炎小鼠炎性状态的影响。方法将30只BALB/c雄性小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组和二甲双胍处理组,每组10只。将100μg卵清蛋白联合2 mg AL(OH)3溶于0. 1 m L生理盐水中,造模的第1、3、5、7、9、11、13、15天对模型组和二甲双胍组小鼠进行腹腔注射,每日1次,每次0. 1 m L;第16天开始将500μg卵清蛋白溶于10μL生理盐水中,对模型组和二甲双胍组小鼠进行滴鼻,每鼻孔10μL,每日1次,连续激发11 d。二甲双胍组小鼠在造模同时每天给予150 g·L-1二甲双胍溶液0. 3 m L腹腔注射,连续25 d。对照组小鼠每日给予生理盐水腹腔注射,每日1次,每次0. 4 m L,连续25 d;生理盐水滴鼻,每日1次,每次10μL,连续11 d。25 d后采用断颈法处死小鼠,眼球取血同时收集鼻黏膜组织。采用Western blot法检测3组小鼠鼻黏膜组织中白细胞介素17(IL-17)、磷酸化信号传导及转录激活因子3(p-STAT3)蛋白表达水平;酶联免疫吸附试验法检测3组小鼠血清炎性因子IL-17、IL-6和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的水平。结果二甲双胍组和模型组小鼠鼻黏膜组织中IL-17、p-STAT3蛋白表达水平显著高于对照组(P <0. 05);二甲双胍组小鼠鼻黏膜组织中IL-17、p-STAT3蛋白表达水平显著低于模型组(P <0. 05)。二甲双胍组和模型组小鼠血清IL-17、IL-6和TNF-α水平显著高于对照组(P <0. 05);二甲双胍组小鼠血清IL-17、IL-6和TNF-α水平显著低于模型组(P <0. 05)。结论二甲双胍在一定程度上可减轻变应性鼻炎小鼠鼻黏膜组织的炎症状态,降低外周血炎性因子水平,其机制可能与抑制p-STAT3蛋白表达有关。     

二甲双胍通过调节AMPK/ERK通路改善动脉粥样硬化小鼠血管平滑肌细胞异常增殖和动脉粥样硬化

目的探讨二甲双胍对动脉粥样硬化小鼠血管平滑肌细胞异常增殖和动脉粥样硬化的影响和机制。 方法将C57/B6小鼠分为对照组、模型组、二甲双胍组。油红O染色、免疫荧光染色法检测各组小鼠主动脉动脉粥样斑块沉积面积比例以及主动脉组织中Ki67和α-SMA表达情况。CCK-8、划痕实验和Western blotting分析小鼠血管平滑肌细胞增殖、迁移能力以及单磷酸腺苷依赖的蛋白激酶(AMPK)、细胞外调节蛋白激酶(ERK)通路和细胞骨架蛋白Pdlim5的变化。 结果与模型组比较,二甲双胍组小鼠主动脉动脉粥样斑块沉积面积比例、Ki67和α-SMA阳性细胞数、血管平滑肌细胞增殖和迁移能力、ERK水平均降低,而AMPK、Pdlim5水平升高(P＜0.05)。 结论二甲双胍通过调节AMPK和ERK通路改善高脂饮食介导小鼠血管平滑肌细胞异常增殖和动脉粥样硬化。     

二甲双胍联合膈下逐瘀汤对多囊卵巢综合征大鼠炎性因子及性激素水平的影响

目的研究二甲双胍联合膈下逐瘀汤对经脱氢表雄酮诱导的多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)模型大鼠外周血清炎性因子、性激素水平及糖脂代谢的影响。方法将69只PCOS(经脱氢表雄酮诱导)大鼠随机分为对照组(34只)和干预组(35只)。对照组大鼠每天给予二甲双胍(270 mg/kg)灌胃,干预组大鼠每天给予二甲双胍(270 mg/kg)+膈下逐瘀汤(34.5 mg/kg)灌胃,连续治疗28 d。干预结束后,用ELISA法测定2组大鼠外周血清炎性因子[白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、C反应蛋白(CRP)]、血脂[甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、总胆固醇(TC)]、血糖[空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)]、激素水平[卵泡雌激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌激素(E_2)、睾酮(T)];用免疫组化法测定卵巢组织中IL-6、TNF-α蛋白表达。结果干预后2组大鼠外周血清IL-6、TNF-α、CRP、LH、LH/FSH、E_2、T、TG、LDL-C、TC、FPG、2 h PG均较治疗前有所降低(P0.05),且干预组低于对照组(P0.05);治疗后2组大鼠外周血清HDL-C、FSH较治疗前有所升高(P0.05),且干预组高于对照组(P0.05);干预后干预组大鼠的IL-6、TNF-α蛋白表达低于对照组(P0.05)。结论二甲双胍联合膈下逐瘀汤能降低PCOS大鼠外周血清炎性因子浓度,并能改善循环中血脂、血糖水平及其激素水平,且效果优于单纯使用二甲双胍。     

高浓度二甲双胍通过JNK通路抑制MIN6细胞增殖和迁移

目的本研究从细胞生物学角度检测二甲双胍对小鼠胰岛瘤MIN6的影响,并探讨此过程中包含的分子生物学机制。方法 MTT法检测不同浓度二甲双胍(1、2、5、10、20 mmol/L)对MIN6细胞活力的影响,细胞划痕实验检测二甲双胍对MIN6细胞迁移的影响,免疫印记实验检测此过程中细胞凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2、Bax、caspase3表达的变化,及AMPK和JNK信号通路蛋白磷酸化水平的变化。结果二甲双胍浓度大于10 mmol/L时可以抑制MIN6细胞的活力(P<0.01),降低其迁移能力(P<0.01),高浓度二甲双胍可以上调细胞内凋亡蛋白Bax(P<0.05)和p-AMPK的表达(P<0.05),降低抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2的表达,增加caspase3剪切体(P<0.05)。同时,二甲双胍可以降低MIN6细胞内JNK信号通路的磷酸化水平(P<0.05)。结论高浓度二甲双胍可以抑制MIN6细胞的增殖和迁移,其作用可能与降低了JNK信号的通路活化有关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.