平战结合便携式医学检验箱的研制

目的:设计一种平战结合多功能、便携式医学检验箱。方法:采用不锈钢等材质制成自带电源、有操作平台及4个载物抽屉的便携式医学检验箱,应用于野战及应急条件下的医学检验工作。结果:在野战及应急条件下,该检验箱发挥了快速医学检验的作用,达到了提高总体救治保障效果的目的。结论:该检验箱适用于野战及应急条件下的快速医学检验工作,有效地配合了伤员的医学救治。     

区域医学检验管理系统的设计与实践

目的:设计并应用区域医学检验管理系统.方法:从系统架构、系统运作流程、系统功能、系统接口4个方面对区域医学检验管理系统进行了全面设计.结果:该系统的应用,使医学检测机构内部实现了业务流程的电子化、自动化、集成化,同时也实现了医学检测机构与医疗机构间、医疗机构间、医疗机构内部之间的信息互动、诊断参考.结论:该系统的应用实现了医学检验结果的同城互认,充分发挥了区域设备、技术、人才优势,提高了检验效率,促进了区域化的新型医疗体制的建立.     

关于医学检验分析前的质量保证措施分析

在医学检验中，医学检验分析前的质量保证作为其中的一个重要组成部分，在一定程度上与检验结果的精确性和真实性有着密不可分的联系。医学检验分析前的质量保证是临床诊断和治疗的基本前提，对其可靠性和时效性有着较高的要求，因此，本文主要探讨了医学检验分析前的质量保证措施，以期为医学检验水平的提高提供一定帮助。     

浅析临床医学与检验医学交流与合作的重要性和必要性

检验医学和临床医学作为现代医学的两个重要组成部分,实现它们的交流与合作,给现代医学领域带来了更加广阔的发展前景,同时也在整个医学方面具有十分重要的现实意义。只有实现检验医学与临床医学的紧密合作,才能实现现代医学的向前发展。本文就我国的检验医学与临床医学的交流与合作方面进行简要阐述。     

医学微生物学检验与临床沟通的重要性探微

医学微生物检验专业不断发展，有助于对临床疾病加强诊断和治疗，患者满意度增加。为提高医学微生物血检验的质量，文章将主要分析医学微生物学检验和临床沟通的情况，阐述医学微生物学检验与临床沟通的意义，并提出沟通的方法，以便作为参考。     

浅谈区域医学检验管理系统的设计与实践

目的：探析区域医学检验管理系统的设计与具体运用。方法：从系统架构、运作流程、系统功能以及系统接口等四个方面对区域医学检验管理系统进行设计。结果：运用区域医学检验管理系统,不仅可以实现业务流程的集成化、自动化以及电子化。还能进一步加强医学检测机构与各个医疗机构之间的密切联系。结论：该系统的运用,不仅可以充分发挥区域人才、技术以及设备的优势,在一定程度上还能实现检验效率的提高,推动区域化医疗新体制的建立。     

Beckman Coulter LH750的HGB问题总结

随着医学检验的飞速发展,医学检验仪器的使用也越来越广泛。血常规作为医院检验的常规开展项目,在使用中肯定存在不少问题。本文对贝克曼库尔特LH750血细胞分析仪的HGB问题作了全面的原理分析和一些故障的解决方法。     

农村卫生院临床检验工作现状与对策

近20年,我国二三级医院临床实验室已经形成了较为系统的科学管理体系,使我国检验医学有了长足的发展,临床检验质量普遍提高。然而,二级以下的医院,尤其是农村卫生院,规模小,医疗设备简陋,医疗技术总体水平低,检验医学发展相对滞后,影响了我国检验医学的整体水平。现以湖北省黄冈市中心卫生院作为研究对象,对农村卫生院临床检验状况进行分析,并提出管理对策。     

关于临床医学检验质量控制的探讨

医学检验作为临床医学的重要组成部分,检验结果数据也就成为患者治疗时的重要依据。在长期的工作实践中,深感影响医学检验质量的因素很多,均有可能影响检验报告质量,给临床诊断带来负面影响。因此,迫切需要检验实验室采取有效措施对临床医学检验质量进行控制,确保医学检验报告的准确性和可靠性,为临床诊治提供精确的检验数据。本文着重从影响检验结果常见因素与应采取的正确对策方面进行探讨,旨在为提高临床医学检验质量水平提供参考。     

医学检验信息网络系统的建立与应用

本文介绍了医学检验信息网络系统的研究内容,主要包括医学检验仪器的数据采集和医学检验信息系统的开发,并且介绍了医学检验信息网络系统的应用体会。     

The effect of continuing medical education programmes on clinical practice: fact or fantasy

This paper reports an evaluation study of a continuing medical education programme on the haemagglutination-inhibition (H.I.) test for rubella antibodies in terms of its effect on the practice of the doctors in attendance. The study employed a pre-post control group design. The data on the doctors' use of the H.I. test were extracted from laboratory records. Through an analysis of co-variance of these data, the lecture was shown to have had an apparently significant impact on the practice of the doctors in attendance. However, available data describing the number of H.I. tests requested by a population of doctors place serious doubt on this conclusion. This paper describes the design of this study as a prototype, identifies constraints which impede the implementation of such studies, and justifies the need to pursue studies of this nature in spite of these constraints.     

The structure of medical knowledge in the memories of medical students and general practitioners: categories and prototypes

According to recent research on categorization, knowledge of a given category is structured in memory around key cases or clear examples, referred to as the prototypes, which capture the core meaning of the category. The purpose of this study was to establish a converging sequence of evidence concerning the internal structure of fourteen broad categories of medical disorders as stored in the long-term memories of pre-clinical medical students and experienced doctors. It was shown that the mental representation of the categories was better described by the overlapping features of the prototype view of categorization than the criterial features of the classical view. It is argued that the prototype view may help facilitate the understanding of the learning and problem-solving process in medicine.     

Development of a biologically relevant dermal sampler

There are currently no appropriate methods for measuring dermal exposure to volatile agents. To address this we have produced a prototype Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM) dermal sampler consisting of an adsorbent sandwiched between a permeable membrane and an impervious backing. The concentration of solvent on the membrane surface may be estimated from the mass collected on the adsorbent and the known permeation rate through the membrane. We have developed the prototype IOM dermal sampler for measurement of toluene exposures. Evaluation of the prototype sampler was undertaken in two stages: laboratory performance in controlled exposure situations and two short-field evaluations, which included simultaneous measurement of inhalation exposure. In all cases we compared the prototype IOM dermal sampler with activated charcoal cloth (ACC). Laboratory trials were split into spray, pour and immersion tests. The data from these suggest that the sampler responds to concentration rather than the mass on the surface of the sampler. The field study showed that the prototype sampler was suitable for measuring dermal exposure. However, the mean permeation rate of the best membrane was 78 000 mug cm(-2) h(-1), which is higher than the permeation rate through skin. This high permeation rate created difficulties throughout the study, particularly as it allowed the adsorbent to become rapidly saturated. The prototype IOM dermal sampler is the first practical dermal exposure sampler to mimic uptake through the skin. The sampler gave reproducible results in the laboratory and field trials. Future work is required to identify a less permeable membrane, which has characteristics closer to that of human skin. Additionally, a higher capacity adsorbent would be desirable. We have demonstrated a major difference when calculating the total contribution to body burden via the dermal exposure pathway using the prototype IOM dermal sampler and ACC patches, 1.5% of the total body burden compared with 95%. The prototype IOM dermal sampler provides a more biologically relevant exposure metric than the alternatives.     

检验科微生物室的医院感染控制方法

目的 了解检验科微生物室污染情况,预防微生物室医院感染的发生,为微生物室医院感染提出合理的建议.方法 通过分析微生物室的生物安全、医护人员的自身安全和检验报告单传递过程中的安全3个方面,了解易发生医院感染的环节.结果 严格执行操作程序、医疗废物合理处理、检验报告单规范发放,达到有效控制微生物室医院感染的发生.结论 健全规章制度、加强医院感染的知识培训和医护人员的自身防护,是预防微生物室医院感染的关键.     

Low-cost, ready-to-use therapeutic foods can be designed using locally available commodities with the aid of linear programming

According to the United Nations (UN), 25 million children <5 y of age are currently affected by severe acute malnutrition and need to be treated using special nutritional products such as ready-to-use therapeutic foods (RUTF). Improved formulations are in demand, but a standardized approach for RUTF design has not yet been described. A method relying on linear programming (LP) analysis was developed and piloted in the design of a RUTF prototype for the treatment of wasting in East African children and adults. The LP objective function and decision variables consisted of the lowest formulation price and the weights of the chosen commodities (soy, sorghum, maize, oil, and sugar), respectively. The LP constraints were based on current UN recommendations for the macronutrient content of therapeutic food and included palatability, texture, and maximum food ingredient weight criteria. Nonlinear constraints for nutrient ratios were converted to linear equations to allow their use in LP. The formulation was considered accurate if laboratory results confirmed an energy density difference <10% and a protein or lipid difference <5 g · 100 g(-1) compared to the LP formulation estimates. With this test prototype, the differences were 7%, and 2.3 and -1.0 g · 100 g(-1), respectively, and the formulation accuracy was considered good. LP can contribute to the design of ready-to-use foods (therapeutic, supplementary, or complementary), targeting different forms of malnutrition, while using commodities that are cheaper, regionally available, and meet local cultural preferences. However, as with all prototype feeding products for medical use, composition analysis, safety, acceptability, and clinical effectiveness trials must be conducted to validate the formulation.     

基于RFID技术的复用医疗器械消毒质量安全追溯系统设计与实现

着眼智慧医疗深度融合背景下复用医疗器械再处理可视追溯需求,开发了一款复用医疗器械消毒质量安全追溯系统.通过RFID移动终端手持机实时获取复用医疗器械再处理链多维数据并进行暂存,基于LoRa自组网协议对数据包进行格式化处理并以多线程传送模式上传至管控平台进行深度分析与追溯.开发了对应的原型系统,一线运维试验结果表明,原型...     

Preliminary evaluation of the use of a CDMA-based emergency telemedicine system

We have conducted a preliminary evaluation of the use of a code division multiple access (CDMA)-based emergency telemedicine system to be used by emergency rescuers providing first-aid treatment for patients. The prototype system included five instrumentation modules for measuring non-invasive arterial blood pressure (NIBP), arterial oxygen saturation (SpO(2)), six-channel electrocardiogram (ECG), blood glucose concentration and body temperature. The patient data were transferred to a doctor's PC through CDMA and TCP/IP networks using an embedded personal digital assistant (PDA) phone. Performance tests in the laboratory showed that the system provided reliable values with error ranges within +/-1% for heart rate, +/-5 mmHg for NIBP, +/-2% for SpO(2) and +/-1% for glucose. The feasibility of the prototype system was then evaluated with 15 real emergency patients on Jeju Island over a two-month period. Measured data were transmitted from a moving ambulance to the emergency medical centre without significant CDMA connection loss or transmission errors. The average transfer time was 8 min. Four emergency doctors and 11 rescuers completed a questionnaire. There were favourable reviews from the users.     

江苏省医学院校师生实验室生物安全知识认知情况现状调查

目的了解江苏省部分医学院校教师、实验室技术人员以及研究生对实验室生物安全知识的认知现状,探索医学院校实验室生物安全管理对策,为加强实验室生物安全管理工作提供决策依据。方法采用随机发放问卷方法 ,选择江苏省5所全日制医学院校的教师、实验室技术人员、研究生共550人,通过自填式问卷调查实验室生物安全法规、安全防护知识、感染途径、废弃物处理、生物安全教育等方面的认知情况。结果实验室生物安全知识总体知晓率为54.38%。其中生物安全法规、生物安全防护和病毒感染因素的知晓率较低,分别为27.58%、27.68%和10.23%;而试剂毒性的知晓率最低,为7.21%;防护规范和实验室废弃物处理的知晓率较高,为83.77%和76.90%;有96.30%的师生普遍认为非常有必要开设＂实验室生物安全＂课程。结论医学院校师生对实验室生物安全知识的认知情况不容乐观,有必要进行定期的实验室生物安全知识的宣传和培训,以提高师生的整体认知水平,加强医学实验室生物安全管理。     

Establishing a Quality Laboratory In a Rural Medical Practice

Laboratory services are not as readily accessible to the rural medical practitioner as to the practitioner in an urban setting. Thus, the office laboratory in a rural medical practice, by necessity, becomes an integral component of that practice. In addition to procedural methodologies, the rural physician must give consideration to the types of laboratory services needed, the requirements for test performance, the factors influencing test costs, the establishment of charges, the necessary protocols and paperwork, the arrangements of the laboratory work area, and the requisite quality control to insure that the office laboratory functions expediently and cost-accountable.     

进一步提高医院现代化检验装备水平势在必行

本文就传统医学检验仪器的现状和发展,及其在医院医、教、研工作所产生的影响和作用进行了分析.随着现代化进程与科学技术的飞速发展,医学检验设备的加速更新,已成为必然趋势,医学检验工作在医院的地位逐步提高,它将对社会和人类产生的贡献不可估量.