高渗盐水治疗失血性休克早期15例的临床分析

目的分析高渗盐水在失血性休克早期急救中的作用。方法对15例诊断为急性失血性休克的患者采用采用以7．5％氯化钠溶液静脉输注为主的综合措施进行复苏，分析其临床疗效。结果15例失血性休克患者均得以治愈，输液高渗盐后，其血压显著升高，心率显著下降（P〈0．05），尿量也明显增多。治疗过程中未发现副作用。结论高渗盐水的应用，是失血性休克早期液体复苏的一种较好的治疗方法，其副作用小，值的推广应用。     

家兔失血性休克及高渗氯化钠治疗后血浆EDLIS变化

20只雄性家兔随机分成A、B两组，实验组A治疗采用静脉滴注7．5％氯化钠6ml／kg，对照组B静脉滴注平衡盐液6ml／kg。用放射兔疫方法测定失血性休克期间及两组治疗后血浆EDLIS变化。结果显示：失血性休克期间血浆EDLIS较休克前明显降低（P＜0．01）。治疗后A组升高（P＜0．05），B组变化不明显，两级相比有显著差异（P＜0．05）。血浆EDLIS水平与同时相的动脉压（r＝0．688）、CVP（r＝0．575）和血Na+浓度（r＝0．382）呈显著正相关（P均＜0．01）。作者认为：①失血性休期间血浆EDLIS降低可能会加速Na+－K+泵机能衰竭；②EDLIS可能至少部分介导高渗氯化钠的抗休克作用。     

高渗液治疗失血性休克的临床分析

目的探讨应用高渗氯化钠溶液治疗失血性休克的方法和疗效。方法选择45例失血性休克病人，随机分为两组。治疗组23例，早期抗休克复苏开始时用7．5％的高渗盐水溶液250mL。对照组22例，运用乳酸钠林格氏液治疗。并对两组病人发生休克时间、治疗所需液体量、复苏所用时间、复苏成功率进行对照。结果治疗组与对照组在治疗所需液体量、复苏所用时间、复苏成功率方面差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论高渗氯化钠溶液治疗失血性休克能使血压迅速回升，减少输液量，改善病情，提高存活率。     

高张盐羟乙基淀粉复合液对失血性休克鼠肌钙蛋白Ⅰ和脂质过氧化的影响

目的观察高张盐羟乙基淀粉复合液对失血性休克鼠心肌钙蛋白Ⅰ和脂质过氧化的影响。方法30只SD大鼠按随机数字表法分为假创伤（Sham）组、乳酸林格液（RL）组、小容量高张（HTH）组。制作失血性休克模型后,RL组以3倍失血量的乳酸林格液于30min内输入;HTH组以5ml／ks7．5％氯化钠液＋6％羟乙基淀粉溶液于15min内输入。记录失血前、复苏前、复苏后1、3、6h的血肌钙蛋白Ⅰ（cTnI）、心肌组织超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）和一氧化氮（No）含量。结果（1）舢浓度：RL组和HTH组复苏前、复苏后均高于基础值和Sham组（P〈0．05）。HTH组复苏后cTnI浓度低于RL组（P〈0．05）。（2）SOD、MDA、NO测定：与Sham组相比,RL组和HTH组SOD降低,MDA、NO升高（P〈0．05）,其中HTH组SOD高于RL组,MDA、NO低于RL组（P〈0．05）。结论HTH液可以降低失血性休克后氧自由基的产生,减少心肌损伤。     

高渗盐溶液及高渗盐复合液在颅脑外伤合并失血性休克患者中应用的效果观察

目的探讨高渗盐溶液及高渗盐复合液应用于颅脑外伤合并失血性休克患者的临床疗效。方法将2011年3月-2013年3月我院60例颅脑外伤合并失血性休克患者随机分为高渗盐溶液组（A组）和高渗盐复合溶液组（B组）各30例,经不同治疗后观察和记录入院、30min及60min动脉血压情况、早期复苏时间和术前平均液体输入量。结果两组入院时平均动脉血压无显著差异（P〉0.05）,而入院后30min及60min动脉血压差异显著（P〈0.05）;A组术前平均输液量明显高于B组,复苏时间明显长于B组,组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论针对颅脑外伤合并失血性休克患者,高渗盐复合液较单纯高渗盐溶液起效更快,能减少液体输入量,抗休克效果更好,进而降低病死率。     

低剂量不同浓度盐水对于失血休克家兔血流动力学的影响

目的：研究不同浓度盐水（4.5％与7.5％）对非控制性失血性休克家兔早期复苏效果的影响,尤其是对家兔血流动力学的影响。方法将32只家兔随机分成4组,每组8只,分别为假手术组（SHAM组）、休克未治疗组（SWT组）、4.5％盐水复苏组（4.5％组）、7.5％盐水复苏组（7.5％组）,麻醉后建立非控制性失血性休克模型,在设定时间内,使用预定方案进行液体复苏,监测不同时间点（0min、30min、60min、90min）家兔血流动力学指标（左心室内压（left intraventricular systolic pressure,LVSP）、左心室压力上升或下降的最大速率（the maximal change rate of left intraventricular pressure,±dp/dtmax）的变化情况。结果（1）30min时,SWT、4.5％组、7.5％组各组数值与SHAM组比较,均发生明显改变（P＜0.05）,这三组两两比较无统计学差异（P＞0.05）,表明休克模型复制成功;（2）三种血流动力学指标实验过程中变化趋势比较一致,60min、90min时,SWT组与其他三组相比较,LVSP、±dp/dtmax值明显减小（P＜0.05）;60min时,7.5％组的LVSP、±dp/dtmax值明显大于4.5％组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;90min时,7.5％组数值略大于4.5％组,但是差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论采用液体复苏可以改善家兔的血流动力学指标;与4.5％高渗盐水相比,7.5％高渗盐水在改善非控制性失血性休克家兔血流动力学方面作用更为明显,为临床失血性休克伤员的救治提供了一定的数据支持。     

创伤失血性休克家兔血浆中循环内皮细胞与一氧化氮及内皮素相关性研究

目的探讨创伤失血性休克家兔血浆中一氧化氮（NO）、内皮素（ET）浓度及循环内皮细胞（CEC）数变化的相关性。方法16只家兔,随机均分为创伤失血性休克组和对照组。创伤失血性休克组休克模型,经股动脉快速放血使动脉血压降至6．7kPa,维持90min,然后回输血液及等量的复方氯化钠。对照组处理同休克组,但未放血。两组分别在休克前、休克末、复苏末、复苏后45、90、180min同时测定血浆NO、ET和CEC水平变化。结果血浆NO水平在休克后逐渐升高,显著高于休克前和对照组水平（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）,此后一直维持较高水平,180min时达到高峰;休克后ET及CEC水平显著增加,并显著高于对照组及休克前（P〈0．01）,复苏后逐渐下降。结论创伤失血性休克后血浆NO、ET、CEC水平变化在其病理生理过程有一定意义。     

林格氏液、贺斯、缩合葡萄糖氯化钠注射液在失血性休克术中的应用效果比较

目的：比较林格氏液、贺斯、缩合葡萄糖氯化钠注射液在失血性休克术中的应用效果.方法：急性失血性休克病人60例,随机分为乳酸林格氏液（A组）、乳酸林格氏液＋贺斯（B组）、乳酸林格氏液＋缩合葡萄糖氯化钠注射液（C组）,每组20例.比较其在失血性休克术中的应用效果.结果：C、B组在失血性休克术中的升压、降心率、提高中心静脉压方面比单独使用乳酸林格氏液效果好;C组在输液30 min后升压作用较贺斯优;B、C两组术后眼结膜水肿情况轻于A组,B组有2例轻度皮肤过敏.结论：贺斯、缩合葡萄糖氧化钠注射液在失血性休克术中比单独使用林格氏液效果好,缩合葡萄糖氯化钠注射液在失血性休克术中前阶段升压作用较贺斯明显,但贺斯维持时间长.     

高渗盐液体复苏治疗失血性休克34例临床分析

目的探讨失血性休克高渗盐水早期限制性液体复苏的临床意义。方法分析70例未控制失血性休克的液体复苏方法,比较常规液体组（n=36）与高渗盐限制性液体复苏组（n=34）两种方法的治愈率、死亡率及MOD8发生率。结果常规组输液量（3080±504）ml,治愈率72．2％、死亡率27．8％,MOD8发生率36.1％;高渗盐水组输液量（1013±320）ml,治愈率91.2％、死亡率8．8％,MODS发生率13．9％,两组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论高渗盐水早期限制性液体复苏可提高治愈率,降低MODS发生率。     

高渗氯化钠复合琥珀酰明胶溶液复苏出血性休克的实验研究

为了观察小剂量高渗氯化钠复合琥珀酰明胶溶液（HSG）对出血性休克犬血流动力学的影响。选用10只健康杂种犬,随机分成两组,即休克后HSG复苏组（实验组,n=5）和氯化钠溶液（HSL）复苏组（对照组,n=5）。动物在麻醉和机械通气条件下行股动脉插管,左颈外静脉插入5FSwan-Ganz漂浮导管,动脉导管连接多功能监测仪。经股动脉连续放血15min使MAP降至6.67kPa并维持30min,此后两组分别用4mg/kg的HSG和HSL进行复苏。观察并记录两组动物复苏前后血流动力学指标的变化。结果显示：实验组输注HSG后MAP增高81％（P＜0．01）,CO增高113％（P＜0．01）,其余各项指标都有明显增高,且各值显著高于对照组（P＜0．01）并维持整个实验过程。说明高渗氯化复合物琥珀酰明胶溶液可以显著而持久地改善出血性休克犬的血流动力学,疗效显著高于单纯高渗氯化钠溶液。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.